Only a small proportion of the vertebrate genome codes for proteins. It would therefore be useful if genes, and in particular the sites at which transcription begins, could be identified in libraries of cloned DNA. Since many known vertebrate genes have distinctive sequences (HTF-islands) surrounding their transcription start sites, we wished to be able to select these sequences easily and to find out how diagnostic they are for genes. HTF-islands contain a high density of non-methylated CpG (ref. 2) and can be detected in chromosomal DNA as clustered sites for certain rare-cutting (C-G) restriction enzymes. Identification of islands in chromosomal DNA is aided by methylation which blocks C-G enzyme sites in non-island DNA. This advantage is lost in cloned DNA, where CpG methylation is absent. We have calculated, however, that even in cloned DNA most sites for certain C-G enzymes should occur in HTF-islands. We tested this prediction using the enzyme SacII and found that four out of four sites in separate cosmids from the human X chromosome were located in HTF-islands. Hybridization to Northern blots provided preliminary evidence that three of the islands were associated with genes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of the number-consonant mnemonic for retention of numeric material in community-dwelling older adults.

The effectiveness of the number-consonant mnemonic for immediate recall and long-term retention of 4 6-digit lock combinations was examined in 36 volunteers who were 60 years old or more. Participants were randomized into either an experimental condition (n = 17) that received training in the number-consonant mnemonic or a group that received placebo training only (n = 19). There were no differences between groups for number recall at posttest. At 3 days a modest difference appeared, favoring the experimental condition, which became highly significant at the 7-day telephone follow-up. This finding suggests that a distinguishing characteristic of the number-consonant mnemonic may be the extent to which it facilitates the maintenance of learned numeric material in memory over time.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diversional therapy: musical care.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of dialysis membrane upon protein catabolic rate.

It has been hypothesized that the protein catabolic rate (PCR) is dependent upon the amount [Kt/V (urea)] and the type of dialysis (synthetic vs. cellulosic membrane). In an ongoing multicenter study comparing short hour-high flux with conventional cellulosic dialysis, 49 patients have completed 6 months and serial urea kinetic data has been obtained. Of the 49, 28 were on AN69S membrane dialyzers, and 21 on cellulosic. The patients on AN69S received significantly less Kt/V than those on cellulosic dialyzers (0.97 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.20 +/- 0.2; p = 0.0016), yet attained similar PCRs (1.07 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.02 +/- 0.1, NS). Significant (p = 0.002) linear relationships between PCR and Kt/V (urea) were found, yet the line slopes were higher for AN69S (average 0.46) than cellulose (average 0.25). Patients on AN69S achieve the same PCR for less Kt/V than patients on cellulosic dialyzers, supporting the hypothesis.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A multicenter study of short hour dialysis using AN69S. Preliminary results.

A multicenter prospective study of short hour (SH, less than or equal to 3 hr) dialysis using a high flux membrane (AN69S) plus volumetric control (VC), versus conventional (greater than or equal to 4 hr) (CNV) cellulosic non-VC dialysis, is ongoing. The study hypothesizes that SH treatment over 1 year will provide adequate dialysis, will not increase morbidity, and may improve quality of life. To date, 112 patients have been entered, and 54 have completed 6 months, 30 by SH. There were no differences in biophysiologic parameters at 6 months. Mean hospitalization was 5.24 days per patient. The SH group had a higher (p = 0.0374) hospitalization rate because of two patients. Quality of life was similar in SH and CNV groups. The study indicates that SH dialysis is feasible, safe, and as comfortable as CNV.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Music in hospitals.

Live music may be enjoyed by patients in hospitals, homes, hospices, training centres, stroke clubs and so on. This article discusses the provision of high quality concerts for those who--through age, illness or the nature of their disability--are precluded from attending a performance in the community and the benefits it brings them.

Health Facilities↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Concerted effort.

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Hospitals↗