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Biomedical subjects

S Lindgren

Publications and source records attributed to S Lindgren.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Characterization and DNA homology of Lactobacillus strains isolated from pig intestine.

Twenty strains of the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from pig intestines and characterized with phenotypic tests. Eleven of these strains, together with selected reference strains, were subjected to DNA homology studies. Three major groups could be distinguished by biochemical/physiological tests and by DNA homology studies: one homofermentative group of the subgenus Thermobacterium and two heterofermentative groups. The DNA homology studies revealed that strains from the homofermentative group were related to Lactobacillus acidophilus strain VPI 1754, but showed a low relationship to the type strain of Lact. acidophilus. One One group of the heterofermentative strains was related to the type strain of Lact. reuteri; the other group, consisting of three strains, showed a low relationship to all reference strains used. These three strains had the unusual property of producing succinic acid in large amounts.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Surface properties of lactobacilli isolated from the small intestine of pigs.

One hundred wild-type strains of the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the small intestine of newly-slaughtered pigs up to 6 months of age. Cell surface hydrophobicity and capsule formation were studied on a number of strains. Strains showing high surface hydrophobicity as measured by the salt-aggregation test and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Octyl Sepharose were commonly found to adhere in high numbers to isolated pig intestinal epithelial cells. Heat and protease treatment of bacteria of high surface hydrophobicity, including autoaggregating strains in phosphate-buffered saline, showed a drastic decline in this surface property. Three hydrophilic strains (LBp 1044, 1068 and 1073) also showed binding to intestinal cells but at a lower level (approx. 5 bacteria/cell) as compared with the best binding hydrophobic strain (LBp 1063, approx. 11 bacteria/cell). These findings suggest that different or multiple adhesion mechanisms may be involved in the colonization of the small intestinal mucosa of pigs. Cultures of selected strains grown in liquid media rich in carbohydrates did not affect their hydrophobic cell surface character. Therefore it seems less likely that carbohydrate capsule polymers are the major determinants of intestinal colonization of lactobacilli in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Adaptation of the GABAA-receptor complex in rat brain during chronic elevation of GABA by ethanolamine O-sulphate.

Slice preparations of rat cuneate nucleus were used for studies on the gamma-aminobutyric acid GABAA-receptor complex following chronic and acute pretreatment with GABA-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase (GABA-T) inhibitors. The whole brain GABA concentration was significantly increased 2.9 fold and 2.6 fold following treatment with ethanolamine O-sulphate (EOS, orally) for 15-30 days and 56-64 days, respectively. One hour after a single injection of gamma-acetylenic GABA (GAG) i.p., there was a significant 2.1 fold increase in whole brain GABA. Superfusion of a slice with muscimol or the GABA uptake inhibitor nipecotic acid depolarized the afferent nerve fibres. These effects were potentiated by flurazepam (1 microM) and pentobarbitone (10 microM) and antagonized by picrotoxin (3 microM, 30 microM). Following 15-30 days of EOS-treatment, the depolarization response to muscimol was decreased and that to nipecotic acid increased. These changes were no longer significant by 56-64 days of pretreatment. The acute dose of GAG did not affect the depolarization response to muscimol but increased that to nipecotic acid. The potentiations of muscimol by flurazepam (1 microM) and pentobarbitone (10 microM) were enhanced following chronic EOS treatment (15-64 days). The enhancement of flurazepam was less after 56-64 days than after 15-30 days pretreatment whereas the enhancement of pentobarbitone was similar at both times. Acute GAG treatment had no effect. The potency of picrotoxin as an antagonist of muscimol was reduced following chronic EOS treatment; the enhancement was less after 56-64 days than after 15-30 days pretreatment. Acute GAG treatment caused only a very small reduction in picrotoxin potency. Possible adaptations in the GABAA-receptor complex and its modulation during chronic elevation of brain GABA are discussed.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1987

Regional differences in the changes in rat brain GABA concentrations post mortem and following inhibition of the synthesis and metabolism.

Experimentally induced changes in the concentration of GABA were studied in regions where GABA is present, predominantly in nerve terminals (substantia nigra, pituitary gland) or outside nerve terminals (corpus callosum). Some other regions (cerebellum, cuneate nucleus, corpus striatum, hippocampus) were included where the cellular localization of GABA is less certain. The post mortem increase in GABA was about equal percentage-wise in all regions indicating that it occurs in all locations where GABA is present. The increase in GABA following the GABA alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitor gamma-acetylenic GABA was much greater in the corpus callosum than in the other regions indicating that this enzyme is more important for the GABA present outside than inside the GABA nerve terminals. The glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitor 4-deoxypyridoxine decreased the endogenous concentration of GABA and it inhibited the increase in GABA induced by gamma-acetylenic GABA in the substantia nigra and in the pituitary gland, but not in the corpus callosum, indicating that this compound inhibits the decarboxylase mainly in the GABA nerve terminals.

Alkynes↗
PubMed1987

Mediastinal drainage blood. Potentialities for autotransfusion after cardiac surgery.

The rate of postoperative bleeding was studied in 32 patients with aortocoronary bypass surgery and in 18 with aortic valve replacement. In 12 of the 50 patients, more than 500 ml of shed mediastinal blood could be saved within 8 postoperative hours. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures of such blood were obtained from the suction reservoir in 20 cases 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. The results were negative, apart from Staphylococcus albus in one 6-hour sample. The blood, which was in some degree hemolyzed, contained acceptable amounts of red cells and albumin. Alterations of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems indicated massive proteolysis with degradation of the proteins to an extent that precluded coagulation. This proteolysis had taken place in the mediastinum, resulting in total defibrinogenation of the blood. The authors conclude that in about one-fourth of cases in cardiac surgery, postoperatively shed blood is worth saving for red cell and volume substitution.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1987

Pediatricians' reported practices in the assessment and treatment of attention deficit disorders.

This study examined, in a national survey, the assessment and treatment practices of pediatricians who care for children with attention deficit disorders (ADD). A questionnaire was sent to randomly selected members of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), stratified by state. Of 417 (52%) responses returned, there were 290 (38%) completed questionnaires. It was found that most pediatricians did not utilize specific DSM-III criteria for ADD; however, they do rely on symptoms of distractibility, overactivity, and impulsivity, which are the behaviors central to the DSM-III diagnosis. In addition, learning difficulties were felt to be contributory. Parents were the most frequently reported sources of information about a child's behavior, but the histories provided by teachers, and psychoeducational reports, also were sought frequently. Many pediatricians still use diagnostic procedures that have recently come under question, such as soft neurologic signs, activity level in the office, and response to stimulant medication. Methylphenidate and behavior modification were the most frequent therapies employed. Over half of the respondents use periodic reevaluation with rating scales to determine medication efficacy, but very few use placebo trials. More recently trained pediatricians tended to rely more on behavioral treatments than did earlier trained physicians.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1987

Clinical consequences of inadequate inhalation technique in asthma therapy.

The FEV1-increase after inhalation of a beta 2-stimulant metered-dose aerosol was studied in 23 patients treated by specialists. The effect of their spontaneous inhalation technique was compared with that of controlled inhalation, which was optimised by means of a device controlling the breathing pattern and release of the metered-dose aerosol. This allowed quantitative assessment of the loss of bronchodilatation caused by the spontaneous inhalation technique. Thirteen patients who were observed to make inhalation errors showed a significant loss of bronchodilatation (30%), whereas ten patients who were observed to make no inhalation errors showed an insignificant loss of bronchodilatation (13%). It is concluded that when a metered-dose aerosol is used in general clinical practice there is a considerable loss of potential efficacy.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic terminology of head injuries--related to severity.

The 10th revision of ICD (International Classification of Diseases and Injuries, WHO) is now being prepared. Before its codifying starts the contents must be revised to fulfil the requirements of modern clinical medicine. A modified diagnostic severity graded classification on the part of head injuries Chapter XVII is suggested here. More attention is now being paid to the intracranial injuries. An attempt to classify the severity of conscious disturbances is also made. The severity grading of AIS-76, -80, and -85 is discussed and partly used. In view of the worldwide medical importance of ICD for facilitating clinical comparisons and improved management it is urgent to extend the basis of knowledge in an accurate diagnostic terminology. This will facilitate and shorten the time necessary for the daily differential diagnostic and prognostic work.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Effects of KCl-induced depolarization on the GABA concentration in the corpus striatum and in the substantia nigra.

The effects of potassium ion depolarization on the concentration, the synthesis and the utilization of GABA as well as the effects on the concentrations of glutamine, dopamine (DA) and DOPAC in the substantia nigra and in the corpus striatum of the rat were investigated. An intranigral KCl injection did not influence the GABA concentration or the synthesis and utilization of GABA in the substantia nigra. Following an intrastriatal KCl injection the GABA concentration increased and the glutamine concentration decreased in the corpus striatum. A marked increase in the DNA concentration in the corpus striatum was seen following an intranigral KCl injection, whereas the DA concentration decreased and the DOPAC concentration increased following an intrastriatal KCl injection. It is concluded that the GABA in the substantia nigra and in the corpus striatum is affected differently by potassium ions, perhaps due to the different cellular localization of GABA in the two structures. The increase of GABA in the corpus striatum was accompanied by a decreased glutamine concentration indicating that glutamine might be a precursor of GABA.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Pharyngo-oesophageal webs in dysphageal patients. A radiologic and clinical investigation in 1134 patients.

Among 1134 patients, cineradiologically examined because of dysphagia, 85 (7.5%) had webs in the pharyngo-oesophageal segment. Webs were more common in women (10%) compared to men (5%). Radiologic characteristics of the webs such as precise location, multiplicity, circumferential extension, thickness, accompanying streamline phenomenon and encroachment on the lumen, were compared to the presence of concomitant anaemia, thyroid disease, neoplasm, as well as the age and sex of the patients. Webs were regularly deeper in women compared to men. Patients with iron deficiency anaemia had thicker webs compared to patients without such anaemia. No other radiologic characteristics were found that could be used for distinguishing these potentially more significant webs from those in patients without such concomitant diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Single-dose intravenous tinidazole prophylaxis in abdominal hysterectomy.

In 100 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, a double-blind study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic tinidazole treatment in diminishing the postoperative infection rate. The patients treated received a single dose of 1,600 mg tinidazole i.v. during 2 h preoperatively. One patient each from the placebo and treatment groups was excluded since the operations was ultimately not hysterectomy. The two groups of women, 49 in each, were comparable with regard to age, previous obstetrical and gynecological history, and reason for hysterectomy. Significant infectious complications (pelvic cellulitis, vaginal cuff abscess, pelvic abscess) were observed in 9 (18.4%) of the 49 placebo patients, but in only 3 (6.1%) of the 49 tinidazole-treated patients. Mild or mode rate wound infections were found in 2 patients of each group (4%). Urinary tract infections were found in 10 placebo (20.4%) and 12 tinidazole-treated patients (24.5%). Among patients developing cuff abscesses, Bacteroides was the most frequently isolated anaerobic genus, B. bivius being the predominant species, while bacteria of enteric origin such as Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis were the most common aerobic isolates. The results of the present study indicate that an intravenous preoperative single-dose tinidazole prophylaxis might reduce the risk of major pelvic infection following hysterectomy, the causative microorganisms usually being a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Is it possible to define a general "conscious level"?

The difficulties in defining a general conscious level are discussed as exemplified by Glasgow Coma Scale and Reaction Level Scale, a new scale recommended by Swedish neurosurgeons. Precise definitions of stimuli and of responses are needed since several studies have shown ambiguity of assessment within the same patient. Some of the difficulties arising from summing up and grouping levels of the Glasgow Coma Scores are discussed and as a consequence a new level for defining coma with a better reliability is proposed. We also briefly discuss the difficulty when to stop assessing conscious level.

Coma↗
PubMed1986

Possible mechanisms of "vegetative state".

A scaling of severity degrees of the vegetative state must perhaps consider the remaining as well as the deficient integrating functions from the arousal and cortical systems to an automatically working but partly disconnected part of the "central brain" with no awareness but some wakefulness.

Arousal↗
PubMed1986

Time-related severity scaling of head injuries--discussion on the AIS-severity code--early and late.

The deficiencies of the present severity scaling of head injuries involve the absence of factors such as age, impact site etc. Moreover there is a terrible lack of agreement and of possibilities of translation between the AIS and the coma scales, presently more wellknown among neurosurgeons. The importance of noting the time after trauma for AIS-codifying must also be stressed, as well as of the presence of intoxication. A modified AIS-scale (EIS) is suggested to facilitate comparison with coma scales such as GCS, as well with the diagnostic terminology suggested for ICD 10 later in this supplement. An attempt to use the EIS as a late scaling after the "transition period" of the second to fourth week after injury is also suggested as a basis for a prediction of late residual disabilities.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Acute head injury. Management charts.

Some guidelines for standardization of management charts for head injured patients are exemplified. The acute head injury record--"admission chart"--needs special attention to facilitate continuous management of each patient. The "observation chart" shows traditionally more similarity in the different clinics. The diagnostic terminology and diagnostic classification during management and at discharge of the patients need modernization in relation to ICD and to severity--which is discussed elsewhere in this supplement.

Consciousness↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human protein C specific for the calcium ion-induced conformation or for the activation peptide region.

Three monoclonal antibodies have been produced that are specific for the activation peptide region in human protein C. These antibodies inhibited the activation of protein C by thrombin and by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. A fourth monoclonal antibody specifically recognized the Ca2+-stabilized conformation in protein C. This antibody bound both intact protein C and protein C from which the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing region had been removed by limited proteolysis. These results indicate that this antibody recognizes the conformation in protein C stabilized by Ca2+ bound to the single binding site that is independent of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Very rapid turnover of dopamine in noradrenaline cell body regions.

The contents of dopamine, noradrenaline and their deaminated metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG) were determined in rats in two noradrenaline cell body regions, i.e., the superior cervical ganglion and the locus coeruleus, and in one dopamine cell body region, the substantia nigra. In the two noradrenaline cell body regions, the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyltyrosine rapidly lowered the contents of noradrenaline and DOPEG and it lowered the contents of dopamine and DOPAC even more rapidly. The dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA-63 swiftly elevated the content of dopamine and it lowered the content of noradrenaline in the two noradrenaline regions, but it was ineffective in the substantia nigra. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline rapidly reduced the deaminated catechols and increased somewhat the contents of the two amines in the superior cervical ganglion and in the locus coeruleus. The alpha-methyltyrosine-induced disappearance of dopamine in the two noradrenaline cell body regions was markedly inhibited by FLA-63 and pargyline in combination, but not by only one of the two drugs. The results indicate that most of the dopamine in the superior cervical ganglion and in the locus coeruleus occurs in the cell body region of noradrenaline neurons, whereas only a minor part of the dopamine in the superior cervical ganglion is present in SIF cells. Axonal transport did not contribute to the disappearance of dopamine in the superior cervical ganglion. A high dose of reserpine reduced the contents of dopamine and noradrenaline in the superior cervical ganglion and in the locus coeruleus, indicating that most of the amines is present in storage granules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗