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Biomedical subjects

S Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to S Lewis.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphological aspects of male and female hands.

A series of hand radiographs from Gwynedd, North Wales, was assessed for frequencies in digital and metacarpal formulae--the relative projection of the fingers and knuckles respectively. While the digital formula showed a sexual dimorphism, the metacarpal formula did not. Males showed a single most frequent digital formula (3 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 1: 69.6%) while females showed two almost equally frequent forms (3 > 2 > 4 > 5 > 1: 44.1%, 3 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 1: 42.3%). For the metacarpal formula, however, females showed a single most frequent form (2 > 3 > 4 > 5 > 1: 53.1%) while males showed two almost equally frequent forms (2 > 3 > 4 > 5 > 1: 40.6%, 3 > 2 > 4 > 5 > 1: 39.2%). Digital and metacarpal formulae are morphological variables which may also have functional significance in the understanding of how certain hand forms may be ill-fitted for certain tasks.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The oral health of psychiatric in-patients in South Wales.

Little information is available regarding the oral health of hospitalized psychiatric patients. The aims of the study were: to quantify the oral health status and identify dental treatment needs of hospitalized psychiatric patients in South Wales; and to compare the oral health of subgroups within the population by their age, psychiatric diagnosis, psychotropic medication use, and length of stay. The total patient population of the hospitals involved in the study was 469, and 326 subjects (70%) took part in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 71.1 years, with 265 long-stay and 61 short-stay patients. Forty-seven percent of patients had a psychiatric diagnosis of dementia, 23% of schizophrenia, and 19% of depressive illness. The examination included assessment of oral hygiene, periodontal condition, and prevalence of caries. The treatment needs of the population were also determined. It was found that 63% of the population was edentulous. The mean DMFT score was 19.1 +/- 7.9 (SD). Comparison with the DMFT of the general population showed a similar level of decay, fewer filled teeth, and more missing teeth in the study population. The oral hygiene of the dentate population was poor, and there was little periodontal disease. Treatment needs were mainly for scaling and polishing. There were no significant differences found between subgroups within the population.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diabetes in urban African Americans: functional health literacy of municipal hospital outpatients with diabetes.

Functional health literacy was assessed in 63 patients from the diabetes outpatient clinic, 20 from the general medicine clinic, and a total of 48 from two satellite medical clinics. All patients received a demographic questionnaire, visual screening, and the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, an instrument with good validity and internal consistency used to measure the ability to read and understand medical instructions. Functional health literacy was adequate in only 47% of new patients at the diabetes clinic and only 25% of established patients at all sites. There were no significant differences in functional health literacy among established patients across all sites. Overall, patients' mean functional health literacy level was inadequate to marginal. Of the patients with inadequate functional health literacy, 43% denied difficulty in reading. Patient education strategies and materials are needed to address this important barrier to healthcare delivery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children with terminal illness: a selected review.

This brief review consdiers the psychiatric aspect of a child's dying from terminal illness. Much of the literature is largely theoretical, illustrated by case histories and clinical observations. Only recently has research been published based on empirical analyses of grief reactions in the child. There is no corresponding empirical research on the grief reactions of parents and siblings, or of the medical staff that cares for the terminally ill child. A review in this area points out the need for more integration of theoretical, clinical, and empirical work, including all aspects of a dying child's environment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain imaging in psychiatry: another look.

Computerized brain imaging techniques have been increasingly used in research into psychiatric disorders. Structural imaging has disclosed subtle brain abnormalities in conditions such as schizophrenia. Functional imaging has shown that metabolic changes in the brain in Alzheimer's disease predate cerebral atrophy and has demonstrated unusual patterns of function in psychotic illnesses.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The D-L test of agreement: a stronger measure of interrater reliability.

This article examines the theoretical underpinnings and the procedures of the Derdiarian-Lewis (D-L) test of proportion of complete agreement to determine reliability among raters. The D-L test yielded data produced by three raters who rated an average of 253 units of verbal content for each of six patients. The test is supported as a stronger measure of interrater reliability than the conventionally used percent agreement method.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer program for diagnostic X-ray exposure conversion.

Presented is a computer program designed to convert any given set of exposure factors sequentially into another, yielding either an equivalent photographic density or one increased or decreased by a specifiable proportion. In addition to containing the wherewithal with which to manipulate a set of exposure factors, the facility to print hard (paper) copy is included enabling the results to be pasted into a notebook and used at any time. This program was originally written as an investigative exercise into examining the potential use of computers for practical radiographic purposes as conventionally encountered. At the same time, its possible use as an educational tool was borne in mind. To these ends, the current version of this program may be used as a means whereby exposure factors used in a diagnostic department may be altered to suit a particular requirement or may be used in the school as a mathematical model to describe the behaviour of exposure factors under manipulation without patient exposure.

Computers↗