Biomedical subjects
S Lenton
Publications and source records attributed to S Lenton.
Otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses in the newborn.
The auditory function of 370 infants, drawn from both low and high risk groups, was tested before postnatal discharge using three tests: standard auditory brain stem responses (ABR), automated analysis of ABR, and automated analysis of evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAE). All infants failing any neonatal test had further audiological evaluation. Follow up information was also available on those who passed neonatal tests. Automated OAE testing of both ears was quickest (median 12.5 minutes) and least invasive (no scalp electrodes). Bilateral failure rates (and upper 95% confidence limits) with a stimulus 35-36 dB above normal hearing threshold level (nHL) were 3.0% (4.6) with automated OAE, 3.2% (5.1) with ABR, and 2.7% (4.4) with automated ABR. Automated OAE was the test most sensitive for subsequently confirmed hearing impairment. Sequential testing with automated OAE followed, in those failing this test, by automated ABR would have provided a screening test for substantial hearing impairment with a specificity greater than 99% in this population. Possible application as a universal screen is discussed.
Hepatitis B infection--a proxy measure of risk factors for HIV infection in IVDUs?
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Multivariate data and type I error.
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Alcohol-related problems in a general hospital and a general practice: screening and the preventive paradox.
A screening questionnaire was used to identify persons with alcohol-related problems in a general hospital and in a general practice. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions about alcohol-related problems during the past 12 months, and two questions which assessed the quantity and frequency of usual alcohol consumption. The questions about alcohol-related problems led to the identification of more persons with problems than did the consumption questions alone. If the consumption questions only had been used to identify a high-risk group of consumers, and if all these subjects had been persuaded to reduce their alcohol consumption to a low-risk level, the reduction in the number of persons who experienced alcohol-related problems would have been modest. This is compatible with the phenomenon of the preventive paradox, and it is concluded that any screening questionnaire must include questions other than those about high-risk levels of consumption if it is to identify the majority of at-risk persons.
How satisfied are parents of pre-school children who have special needs with the services they have received? A consumer survey.
The parents of 41 pre-school children with special needs volunteered to participate in a consumer survey to ascertain their satisfaction with the services they had received and how these could be improved. The survey produced an overall high level of satisfaction, although parents felt they had not received as much information as they wanted on their child's condition (29%), available help for their family (44%), financial benefits (61%), or information about their child's future (61%). Families also felt that they had not received enough family support (43%), and that professionals regularly did not understand their concerns (32%). Ways in which these issues could be addressed are discussed, along with more general issues of such consumer satisfaction surveys.