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Biomedical subjects

S Lange

Publications and source records attributed to S Lange.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Chlorpromazine inhibits cholera toxin-induced intestinal hypersecretion.

The effect of chlorpromazine on cholera-toxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion (experimental cholera) has been tested in vivo in the mouse. It is shown that intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine 1 hr prior to toxin challenge effectively inhibits the net secretory response of the intestine. It is suggested that this effect might be due to inhibition of adenylate cyclase since chlorpromazine inhibits the increase of cyclic AMP concentration in vitro in mouse thymocytes incubated with cholera toxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Computer tomography in intracranial tumors. A cooperative study of 1658 neoplasms (author's transl)].

This paper decribes the results of the CT teams of the University Clinics Berlin, Mainz and Munich. 1658 patients with cerebral tumors have been examined so far (EMI Scanner Mark I, Matrix 160/160) revealing a diagnostic accuracy of 98.4%. The findings of various kinds of tumors (306 glioblastomas, 255 astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, 248 meningiomas, 212 metastases, 200 pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngeomas) are discussed and illustrated by typical images. Differential diagnostic problems and the importance of additional neuroradiological procedures are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Transverse axial computerized tomography (EMI scan): value and indications (author's transl)].

The results of transverse axial computerized tomography in EMI scan (transverse CAT) in 2 000 examinations are reviewed. The method was shown to enlarge significantly the diagnostic possibilities in cerebral disease. A correct identification of intracranial tumour was made in 98% of 250 cases. Cerebral haemorrhage, infarction and contusional oedema could be differentiated. Various forms and extensions of cerebral oedema were visualized as never before. Postoperative changes and the course of vascular disease, tumour or hydrocephalus after shunt were demonstrated at an early stage. The indications for pneumo-encephalography have been reduced to a few very special situations. On the other hand, angiography is still of decisive value in vascular cerebral disease and should be performed before surgery in case of space-occupying lesions.

Brain↗
PubMed1976

[Differential diagnosis of stroke in computer tomography].

Computertomography permits an early diagnosis of acute intracerebral hemorrhage a few hours after onset of symptoms. Embolic or thrombotic infarcts may be detected only after 2 to 3 days. Late manifestations of ischemic infarcts are unequivocal when confined to the circulation area of a cerebral artery. They must, however, be differentiated from small gliomas with edema, while in cerebral hemorrhage the differential diagnosis must consider bleeding from tumors and vascular malformations.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

[CT findings in chronic subdural hematomas (author's transl)].

CT findings of 46 patients with operatively confirmed chronic subdural hematomas are reviewed. The analysis of the EMI scans resulted in three different types of CT findings. Type 1 is characterized by decreased attenuation of the hematoma contents compared to brain tissue. The hematoma is visualized as a lens-shaped low density area between the skull and the surface of the brain. Type 2 apart from low density areas contains zones of increased attenuation due to recent bleeding into a watery chronic subdural hematoma. In many cases sedimentation causes a well-defined horizontal borderline between the thin fluid parts in the anterior portion and the blood debris in the posterior portion of the hematoma sac. Type 3 shows the same average absorption values as normal brain tissue, a direct visualization is not possible. However , the presence of a midline displacement in combination with ventricular compression and absence of a circumscript lesion even after contrast enhancement, allows the diagnosis of a unilateral chronic subdural hematoma in these cases too. Bilateral chronic subdural hematomas may cause considerable diagnostic difficulties if only one or none of the hematomas is visualized. A relatively small midline displacement points to a second bleeding on the opposite side. Most frequent were hematomas of type 1 (37%), type 2 and 3 could be observed in 30,5% resp. 32,5% of cases respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Cerebral anatomy on computerised tomograms (author's transl)].

An attempt has been made to show which anatomical structures of the skull and brain can be demonstrated by analysing 668 computerised tomograms of normal brains. Many parts of the bony skull, the cisterns and ventricles and physiological calcification of the pineal body, choroid plexus and falx can be clearly identified. Frequently it is possible to distinguish between grey and white matter in the basal ganglia. After intravenous contrast injection it is sometimes possible to identify arteries and other pathways and vascular structures by their increased contrast. Because of the constant topographic relations in the brain, it is possible to identify these structures with certainty on the computerised tomogram.

Brain↗
PubMed1976

Interaction of cholera toxin and toxin derivatives with lymphocytes. II. Modulating effects of cholera toxin on in vivo humoral and cellular immune responses.

The in vivo effects of cholera toxin on lymphoid organ structure and function in mice were investigated. It was found that within a day following intravenous injection of 1 mug of toxin, thymus as well as spleen weight decreased but the animals remained healthy. Histological studies suggested that the involution of lymphoid organs was due to cell death. Injection of cholera toxin into adrenalectomized mice was lethal within 36 h. In these animals no decrease in lymphoid organ weight was noted. Thymus cells from toxin-treated mice were found to be much inferior to thymocytes of untreated animals in their in vitro response to Concanavalin A, whereas the response of spleen cells from toxin-treated animals to mitogens was slightly increased. 1 mug of cholera toxin increased primary antibody formation when given to mice together with antigen (sheep erythrocytes) and decreased primary antibody formation when given before or after the antigen. The toxin also increased secondary antibody formation when injected simultaneously with or after the booster antigen dose, and decreased the antibody formation when given a few days before the booster injection. Treatment of mice with toxin was found to increase the capacity of spleen cells from these animals to induce the parental effect on antibody formation and to induce graft-versus-host reactions. The mechanisms behind the observed effects are discussed. It is suggested that cholera toxin affects different types of cells involved in immune responses primarily by a direct inhibitory action on cellular proliferation but also indirectly by causing release of adrenal gland hormones.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1976

[Investigations on the accumulation of radio-bleomycin in gynaecological tumors (author's transl)].

The indication for treatment with Bleomycin in gynaecological tumors is as yet not well defined. At present Bleomycin is primarily used for advanced gynaecological malignancies. Results of our investigations show that the individual affinity of gynaecological tumors to Bleomycin is very variable. In subsequent investigations it should therefore be determined whether the accumulation of radio-Bleomycin and the sensitivity of a gynaecological malignant tumor to Bleomycin therapy show a positive correlation. The probable chances of success of a course of chemotherapy with Bleomycin could then be predicted.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1976

[Clinical further development of children after surgery for subdural effusions (author's tranls)].

Follow-up examinations of 82 children after surgery for subdjral effusions show a varied degree of retardation of motor- and speech-development. This corresponds to neurologic signs of varying severity. Preoperative EEG findings are improved both in pre-school- and school children. Disturbance of motor and intellectual development as a rule corresponds to severe EEG changes. Among pre-school children 35% had an IQ below 69%, among school-children 36%. But their occupational chances cannot yet be finally assessed. Children with large effusions (over 50 ml) and extensive capsules show a higher percentage of retardation. Present results do not establish relations between site of effusion, frequency of recurrence and mental development.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Computer tomography of the eye and the orbit (author's transl)].

Princips of computer tomography is demonstrated and the absorption coefficients of ocular and orbital tissue are calculated. The advantages and disadvantages of this procedure are discussed. 39 patients with ocular and orbital diseases were examined by computer tomography. The main indication was tumors, including metastases and diseases arising from ethmoidal cells. Vascular anomalies and tumors were better demonstrated by angiography. Dislocated lens, enlarged tumors of the choroid and prostheses (cerclage and orbital implants) are demonstrable. In contrast to echography, the computer tomography gives certainly better results in the posterior part of the orbit. Technical improvement of the apparatus could lead to a wider use in ophthalmology.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Axial computer tomography of the brain].

Computertized tomography of the brain, developed by Hounsfield - has decisively altered neuroradiologic procedures. Without the need of contrast media, cerebral structures (ventricles cisternes, sulci and physiological calcifications) and pathologic lesions (infarctions, hemorrhage, edema, tumors and malformations) may be visualized. Tumors can be diagnosed in 95 to 99% by this method. Tumors of the midline structures and of the posterior fossa are more easily detected than by conventional methods. In head injuries epidural and subdural hematoma, contusional edema and hemorrhage may be differentiated. Hydrocephalus externus and internus can be shown by computertized tomography. Probably computertized tomography will become the most frequently applied neuroradiological method in the future.

Brain↗
PubMed1976

[Cranial axial computerized tomography in children (author's transl)].

This report on computerized tomography in 400 children confirms the high diagnostic value of the new method in neuropediatrics. 31 brain tumours were diagnosed in children. Tumors present themselves as lesions of latered density compared to that of brain matter. Intravenous injection of contrast media increases the density of various lesions as tumors, angiomas, acute infarctions and abscess. Infarctions are low density lesions whereas hemorrhage is a high density lesion and both are thus safely differentiated. Edema may be visualized in the vicinity of tumours in brain injuries and in encephalitis. The normal ventricular system, hydrocephalus, cerebral malformations and subdural hygroma are easily demonstrated. Diseases of the orbits may also be detected.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1975

[On the pressure-volume relation of the central and the peripheral vascular bed of the low pressure system (author's transl)].

The effect of hemorrhage amounting 420 ml in relation to the behaviour of the pressures and volume of the intrathoracic and extrathoracic compartment was studied on 10 young male adults. The volume elasticity coefficient E' and the vascular compliance 1/E' of the intrathoracic, extrathoracic and the total circulation were calculated as a result of the change in pressure and volume after the 420 ml hemorrhage. The coefficient of the volume elasticity for the intrathoracic compartment was found to be 23 dyn-cm-minus 5, for the extrathoracic compartment 15 dyn-cm-minus 5 and for the total circulation 9 dyn-cm-minus 5. The compliance of the intrathoracic compartment was 0.8 ml/mm Hg/kg BW, that of the extrathoracic compartment was 1.2 ml/mm Hg/kg BW and that of the total circulation was 2.0 ml/mm Hg/kg BW. These findings support the thesis of the large distensibility of the intrathoracic compartment.

Adult↗