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Biomedical subjects

S Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to S Lambert.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Developmental follow-up of long-term infant tracheostomy: a preliminary report.

In a retrospective study, medical records of a randomly selected sample of all infants less than 13 months old with tracheostomy of at least 1 month's duration were reviewed with respect to medical, demographic, and perinatal variables. Standardized outcome measures were used to document physical, cognitive, linguistic, and emotional development in a cross-sectional follow-up of all tracheostomized infants who were without primary mental retardation or neurological and physical handicap. The total sample of tracheostomized infants tended to be white, male, and premature, with moderate to severe medical illness in the perinatal period. There was a high rate of mortality and morbidity, with the majority of survivors presenting with multiple physical and mental handicaps. Follow-up of survivors without other major handicapping conditions suggested that long-term infant tracheostomy may be associated with impaired physical and emotional development, even when cognitive and language development are within normal limits. Pediatricians should be aware of the complex nature of this handicapping condition in order to coordinate appropriate interdisciplinary management.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1984

The surface roughness and gloss of composites.

The contrast gloss and the average roughness were measured for four commercial composite filling materials. Using a factorial design, each material was subjected to four available finishing methods. A significant difference was found in the contrast gloss among finishing methods, and a significant linear regression is given which relates the inverse of the contrast gloss to the average roughness. Surface gloss is proposed as playing a major role in the esthetic appearance of composite restorations.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1978

Poppers, a new recreational drug craze.

The study was conducted to obtain information on the recreational use of the vasodilators (RVs) amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite in Toronto. The results of 70 interviews (40 complete) indicate that sniffing these RVs gives a 'high' lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes with headache being the most common side effect. None of the more serious side effects mentioned in the literature were reported. RVs are used chiefly in conjunction with sexual activities and dancing. Their use is currently a craze amongst the male homosexual population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Natural rubber latex allergy: spectrum, diagnostic approach, and therapy.

Latex allergy has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality during medical and surgical procedures. Ultimately, many of the affected patients with recognized latex sensitivity and those who are not yet diagnosed will receive treatment for their allergic reactions to latex in emergency departments. Consequently, emergency physicians must have a comprehensive understanding of the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and management of these challenging patients. Groups at high risk include spina bifida cystica patients, health care workers, latex industry workers, specific food-allergy patients, and patients with a history of atopy or multiple surgical procedures. Sensitization to latex antigens is commonly encountered in health care workers wearing latex gloves with high latex allergen concentrations and in workers using powdered latex surgical gloves. Exposure to air-borne allergens and water-soluble IgE reactive latex antigens from natural rubber latex products in sensitized individuals can result in type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reactions. Clinical manifestations include contact urticaria, dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, angioedema, and anaphylaxis. Diagnostic tools include serological assays and skin prick testing. At present, latex avoidance is the only available treatment and is the key to preventing allergic reactions in latex-sensitized individuals. Health care worker sensitization to latex antigens in natural rubber products is becoming an increasing contributor to workers' liability and disability claims. Specific action can be taken to reduce occupational and patient exposure to latex antigens.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Operative management of the stiff elbow: sequential arthrolysis based on a transhumeral approach.

Between December 1990 and September 1993, 26 consecutive patients (27 elbows) were treated for elbow contractures. We used a modified transhumeral approach supplemented by a limited lateral approach with or without a limited medial approach according to the correction gained after each step of the procedure. Eleven posttraumatic, 6 degenerative, and 10 miscellaneous contractures were evaluated. The mean follow-up was 30 months. Statistically significant improvement in the range of motion was obtained for all groups of patients; the mean flexion-extension arc of motion increased from 66 degrees to 100 degrees for the posttraumatic contractures, from 79 degrees to 102 degrees for the degenerative contractures, and from 85 degrees to 121 degrees for a miscellaneous group of contractures. Relief of pain was not an issue in the posttraumatic group; it was not significant for the degenerative group but was significant for the miscellaneous group. Flexion and extension force were maintained, and no joint was made unstable. Complications included three transient ulnar neuropathies and one tardy ulnar nerve palsy. The technique presented offers the advantage of virtually unlimited exposure of the joint in a stepwise manner, dictated by the intraoperative assessment of joint motion combined with preservation of the medial and lateral collateral ligament complexes and all relevant muscle insertions and origins. The concept is applicable to contractures of differing cause and can be adapted to the specific needs of the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physiological roles of axonal ankyrins in survival of premyelinated axons and localization of voltage-gated sodium channels.

440 kD ankyrin-B and 480/270 kD ankyrin-G are membrane skeletal proteins with closely related biochemical properties yet distinctive physiological roles in axons. These proteins associate with spectrin-actin networks and also bind to integral membrane proteins including the L1 CAM family of cell adhesion molecules and voltage-gated sodium channels. 440 kD ankyrin-B is expressed with L1 in premyelinated axon tracts, and is essential for survival of these axons, at least in the case of the optic nerve. 440 ankyrin-B may collaborate with L1 in transcellular structures that mediate axon fasciculation and mechanically stabilize axon bundles, although these proteins may also be involved in axon pathfinding. Ankyrin-B (-/-) mice exhibit loss of L1 from premyelinated axon tracts and a similar, although much more severe, phenotype to L1 (-/-) mice and humans with L1 mutations. Ankyrin-B and L1 thus are candidates to collaborate in the same structural pathway and defects in this pathway can lead to nervous system malformations and mental retardation. 480/270 kD ankyrin-G are highly concentrated along with the L1CAM family members neurofascin and NrCAM at nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments. Voltage-gated sodium channels bind directly to ankyrins, and are likely to associate in a ternary complex containing neurofascin/NrCAM, and ankyrin-G. Mice with ankyrin-G expression abolished in the cerebellum exhibit loss of ability of Purkinje neurons to fire action potentials, as well as loss of restriction of neurofascin/NrCAM to axon initial segments. Ankyrin-G thus is a key component in assembly of functional components of the axon initial segment and possibly the node of Ranvier.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IGF-II in primary human colorectal tumors: peptide level, activated promoters, parental imprinting and gene rearrangement.

IGF-II is a polypeptide growth factor with growth and differentiation promoting activities, involved in human development. We have reported previously IGF-II mRNA and peptide overexpression in primary human colon cancers. Here we show that the IGF-II peptide content is increased in six primary colon cancers compared to the corresponding healthy tissues. The IGF-II transcripts in healthy and cancerous colon tissues were identified by Northern blotting and RT-PCR. Promoters P3 and P4 were active in most tissues. Relaxation of parental imprinting was observed in two tumors and one healthy tissue, without any correlation with the IGF-II transcript levels. Rearrangements of the IGF-II gene in two tumors containing very high amounts of IGF-II mRNA are described. Fragments containing the breakpoints were cloned by the vectorette-PCR strategy. In both tumors, the breakpoints occurred in repetitive sequences. In one tumor (T11), the breakpoint was localized 2 kb downstream the end of exon 9. The second tumor (T18) contains two modified alleles. In one rearranged allele the breakpoint is located in exon 9. The exact position of the breakpoint in the second rearranged allele has not been identified. In future experiments, the correlation between the gene rearrangements and IGF-II mRNA overexpression will be studied.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Homosexuality and alcohol: observations and research after the psychoanalytic era.

There is very little literature in the area of homosexuals and alcohol but since the 1960s some work on the alcohol use of homosexuals has begun to surface. Most studies focus on the male but there are some studies of lesbians. The gay bar seems to be the best starting point for such studies as it is so central to gay society. How sex, drugs, and acquired immune deficiency relate to alcohol use are discussed. Ideas relating to intervention into the alcohol problems of gays are put forward.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prostate screening health beliefs and practices of African American men.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health beliefs and practices of African American men regarding prostate cancer screening. A descriptive non-experimental design was used with a self-administered questionnaire to identify participants' knowledge level, health beliefs and practices related to the screening and early detection of prostate cancer in African American men. Results indicate that most participants had a high level of prostate cancer knowledge, early detection and had prostate screening done on a regular basis. They believed prostate cancer was not preventable but if contracted treatment would be painful and impair sexual function. Other significant beliefs included: good health habits were important, most rated their health as good or excellent, and they rely on their faith to stay healthy. Findings of this study provide culturally appropriate information which may contribute to developing prostate cancer prevention programs in African American communities.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Do staff follow guidelines for dealing with MRSA?

This paper provides an overview of the background of MRSA and its presence in hospitals. A small-scale study of practice is described where staff compliance with MRSA policy was observed. This paper won the Marian Reed Award, a competition run by the West Midlands branch of the Infection Control Nurses' Association, which is jointly sponsored by the Midlands-based Hospital Infection Research Laboratory and Vernacare.

Cross Infection↗