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Biomedical subjects

S Lam

Publications and source records attributed to S Lam.

210 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonic gas-body activation in Drosophila.

The role of gas bodies in the interaction of Drosophila eggs and larvae with ultrasonic fields has been studied (1) by direct microscopic examination, (2) by observation of gas body activation during sonation with a special microscope, (3) by direct measurement of the volume fraction of gas in eggs and (4) through the absorption of ultrasound. All approaches provide support for the postulate that these organisms contain a rich distribution of gas bodies which play a dominant role in the acoustic properties of eggs and are the most probable site of action for ultrasonic biological effects on these organisms.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immediate skin reactivity and its relationship to age, sex, smoking, and occupational exposure.

To evaluate potential predictors of atopy, 3353 workers from various occupations were classified according to airborne exposures into three groups: (1) 1213 control workers with no measurable exposures, (2) 815 workers with gas and fume exposure, and (3) 1325 workers with organic dust exposure. Atopic status was determined by prick skin testing with common allergens. Workers exposed to organic dusts had a lower prevalence of skin test reactivity than either controls or gas- and fume-exposed workers. Skin test reactivity also decreased with age and was higher in nonwhite workers compared to white workers. No difference in skin test reactivity was seen between female and male workers, nor between smoking and nonsmoking workers. A logistic regression analysis that controlled for the correlation between the predictive factors confirmed the results of the crude analyses. It is suggested that atopic workers exposed to organic dusts might selectively leave the industry.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of hemodialysis on hearing using pure-tone audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions.

Patients under treatment of hemodialysis (HD) frequently exhibit some degree of sensorineural hearing loss. Fifteen subjects and 10 controls were tested by using pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) before and after a HD treatment. Other parameters (blood pressure, body weight, blood chemistries) were also evaluated before and after HD: The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effect of HD on hearing level by measuring PTA and DPOAE before and after one HD session. The results from PTA and DPOAE testings showed that hearing was unaffected by HD. However, all 15 subjects revealed significantly poorer hearing, especially in the higher frequencies, compared to that of the controls (p < 0.0001). It was concluded then that HD is a safe treatment, and that the sensorineural hearing loss in these patients may be attributed to the preexisting renal disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in pancreatitis.

The mortality of acute pancreatitis has steadily decreased over the last two decades while the incidence of acute pancreatitis has doubled, however, it still ranges from 5 to 10% in some university centers. Patients with chronic pancreatitis also have a diminished survival rate compared to the general population. Although there have been marked improvements in the mortality of acute pancreatitis and longevity in chronic pancreatitis, both are still substantial. Until improved therapies become available, recognition of the risk factors for mortality and rapid and intensive therapy are our best chance to decrease the mortality further.

APACHE↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of in-hospital mortality and length of stay using an early warning scoring system: clinical audit.

This aim of this study was to assess the impact of the introduction of a standardised early warning scoring system (SEWS) on physiological observations and patient outcomes in unselected acute admissions at point of entry to care. A sequential clinical audit was performed on 848 patients admitted to a combined medical and surgical assessment unit during two separate 11-day periods. Physiological parameters (respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and conscious level), in-hospital mortality, length of stay, transfer to critical care and staff satisfaction were documented. Documentation of these physiological parameters improved (P<0.001-0.005) with the exception of oxygen saturation (P=0.069). The admission early warning score correlated both with in-hospital mortality (P<0.001) and length of stay (P=0.001). Following the introduction of the scoring system, inpatient mortality decreased (P=0.046). Staff responding to a questionnaire indicated that the scoring system increased awareness of illness severity (80%) and prompted earlier interventions (60%). A standardised early warning scoring system improves documentation of physiological parameters, correlates with in-hospital mortality, and helps predict length of stay.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation, culture, characterization and use of human renal tubular epithelial cells.

Tubulointerstitial alterations are a hallmark of most renal diseases. In vitro culture of different cell types of the tubulointerstitial compartment have been instrumental in studying their respective contributions to the inflammatory and fibrotic process. The present paper provides an overview of the isolation, culture and characterization of tubular epithelial cells, with a main emphasis on cells from human origin.

Cell Culture Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorescent location of abnormal cells in cell smears obtained from the lungs of patients with lung cancer.

A bronchoscope fitted with a brush was used to collect cells from patients with lung tumours. The cells were either made into smears or deposited as monolayers on microscope slides. Using a fluorescent probe for the cell surface enzyme, referred to as guanidinobenzoatase, abnormal cells were readily distinguished from normal cells which lacked this enzyme.

Aminacrine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational asthma: natural history, evaluation and management.

A variety of occupational circumstances are capable of inducing asthma by specific exposure to airborne dusts, gases, vapors and fumes. The authors review the clinical history of the disease, including detection of exposures and diagnostic tests. The natural history of occupational asthma, its management and finally its prevention are then discussed.

Asthma↗