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Biomedical subjects

S Laitinen

Publications and source records attributed to S Laitinen.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Effect of intragastric bile on canine lower oesophageal sphincter pressure.

The effect of intragastric bile on lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was studied in 7 dogs. Five ml of fresh canine bile was instilled into the stomach, and its effect on LES pressure and intragastric pH was observed for one hour. In a control study 5 ml of physiological saline was used instead of bile. Bile instillation led to a statistically significant increase in LES pressure, which reached its maximum in 20 min. LES pressure returned to the resting level in 60 min. Saline instillation produced no signficant change in LES pressure. The rise in intragastric pH was slight and equal in both groups. The results suggest that bile contamination of gastric juice, at least one of short duration, does not have any immediate harmful effect on LES competence in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Methylergometrine: comparison of plasma concentrations and clinical response of two brands.

There were no significant differences between the two brands of methylergometrine (methylergonovine), Methergin and Myomergin, in the radioimmunologically measured serum concentrations nor in the AUC after an oral 0.250 mg dose determined on the third or sixth postpartum day during a continuous treatment with methylergometrine 0.125 mg t.i.d., nor were there significant differences in the clinical response to this oxytocic drug. Peak serum concentrations were obtained at 3 hours (Methergin 6.3 nmol/1 and Myomergin 6.0 nmol/1), indicating a delayed gastrointestinal absorption in postpartum females in comparison with healthy male volunteers [6]. Spontaneous complaints of side-effects were rare and mild.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Chronic intragastric bile contamination and lower esophageal sphincter competence. An experimental study in dogs.

The possible association between intragastric bile reflux and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) incompetence was elucidated in an experimental work in dogs. Chronic intragestric bile contamination was produced by cholecystogastrostomy. The effect of this procedure on LES competence was evaluated by manometric, radiologic and endoscopic studies two weeks, one month, and then once a month for 6 months after operation. No significant change occurred in LES pressure, and neither radiological reflux nor endoscopic evidence of esophagitis developed during the follow-up period. According to the present study intragastric bile reflux does not have a significant role in the pathogenesis of LES incompetence in the dog, but esophagitis effected by bile reflux seems to require previously existing LES incompetence.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Surgical treatment of axial hiatal hernia-reflux complex by Nissen fundoplication. A cineradiologic and manometric study.

This study was undertaken to review our result in the surgical treatment of the axial hiatal hernia-reflux complex with Nissen fundoplication using cineradiologic, manometric, and endoscopic studies and an analysis of objective symptoms of the patients as criteria in evaluation. During the period 1966-1975 86 patients underwent Nissen fundoplication at Oulu University Central Hospital. In 50 of the 86 patients it was possible to carry out thorough pre- and postoperative examinations and a long-term follow-up using the aforementioned methods. There was some discrepancy between objective and subjective postoperative results. During the 10-year follow-up period, mean 5 years, the recurrency frequency was 14% (7/50), but 22% (11/50) of the patients considered the postoperative result subjectively to be poor. On the other hand, 3 patients with a definite recurrence considered the end result subjectively to be good. On the basis of these findings we were able to conclude that the objective postoperative examinations in themselves are not sufficient for thorough, long-term evaluation of postoperative results, but that the patient's subjective postoperative symptoms and his opinion of the success or failure of the operation should also be taken into consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The effects of paraoesophageal structures and vagotomy on the canine lower oesophageal sphincter function.

The effects of paraoesophageal structures and vagotomy on lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) function were studied in the dog using modern oesophageal manometric technique. The isolation of the gastro-oesophageal junction from surrounding structures by a stiff-walled Silastic-tube led to a slight decrease in LOS pressure, but the difference was not statistically significant. LOS response to abdominal compression also decreased slightly, but the difference was without statistical significance. Bilateral transabdominal, transthoracic and cervical vagotomy did not produce any marked changes in resting LOS pressure, whereas a statistically significant decrease in LOS response to abdominal compression occurred after each type of vagotomy. The results suggest that the mechanism intrinsic to the gastro-oesophageal junction, the LOS, is mainly responsible for the maintenance of gastro-oesophageal competence, and the effect of extrinsic paraoesophageal structures is of minor importance. The vagus nerves apparently have no major role in the maintenance of resting LOS pressure. LOS response to increased intra-abdominal pressure seems to represent a genuine increase in LOS tone, to which extrinsic mechanical factors add only a small contribution. This response seems to be mediated by a vagal reflex arc, the afferent part of which has its origin below the diaphragm.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Urography and renography in the follow-up of patients with toxemia of late pregnancy.

We have studied 129 patients with toxemia of pregnancy two months post partum by urography and renography. The same investigations were performed on 17 healthy parturients post partum. 49 patients (38.8%) had an abnormality either in urography or renography. 20 patients (15.5%) had an abnormal urogram and 42 (32.6%) an abnormal renogram. The findings correlated so that 7 patients had an abnormal urogram with a normal renogram and 13 patients had an abnormality in both investigations. 29 patients had only an abnormal renogram. In the control series 3 patients had an abnormal urogram and the same patients also had an abnormal renogram. We divided the studied patients into groups according to the clinical severity of toxemia. Urographic and renographic findings were divided evenly in the series so that abnormalities were no more common in the severe cases. Renography cannot be considered merely as a screening method when compared with urography in the follow-up of toxemic patients, but these investigations are complementary.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Hiatal hernia repair.

128 patients operated on for hiatal hernia are reported. The follow-up study consisted of 102 patients, 16 with paraoesophageal and 86 with axial hiatal hernia. The mean follow-up time was 4 1/2 years, range 1-11 years. In our experience cineradiographic studies bring abnormalities to light more readily because this kind of study is repeatable compared with conventional techniques based on fluoroscopy. Four different methods of operation were used in this study. The recurrence rate was as follows: Nissen fundoplication 13%, both anterior 180 degrees fundoplication and Lortat-Jacobs procedure 38%, and Nissen fundoplication combined to vagotomy and pyloroplasty 54%. Postoperative complications occurred in 9%. There was no hospital mortality. The authors prefer the abdominal to the transthoracic approach because many patients had other intra-abdominal, surgically easily correctable condition. If the transthoracic operation is indicated, as in a very obese patient or in a patient with a secondary short oesophagus, intra-abdominal disease must have been excluded preoperatively. In the treatment of axial hiatal hernia the best operative method has not yet been agreed upon, but in our hands the Nissen fundoplication yielded the best results.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Selective proximal vagotomy. A preliminary report.

Eearly results of a prospective clinical trial of selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) with or without pyloroplasty are reported. The total number of patients was 41, of whom 39 had chronic duodenal ulcer, one gastric ulcer and one heamorrhage gastritis. The follow-up period in our preliminary series now averages 18 months. Recurrent duodenal ulcer appeared in two patients with proved incomplete vagotomy (5%), and two other patients suffered postoperatively from gastric retention. All the symptomatic patients underwent SPV without pyloroplasty. The promising early results warrant continuation of our trial in order to asses the role of SPV in the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calculated dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite by young Finns.

Dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite of 1212 Finns aged 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 years were calculated using food consumption data obtained by the 48-hour recall method in 1986, in connection with the Study on Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns. Files on nitrate and nitrite content of foods and water were compiled for this study. The mean daily intakes of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) from food were 54.0 mg and 1.4 mg, respectively. Vegetables including potatoes contributed 86% of nitrate intake and meat products 69% of the nitrite intake. If two litres of water within the mode concentration class of nitrate and nitrite were used, the intake of nitrate from water would have been between 1.0 and 2.0 mg and the intake of nitrite between 0.0 and 0.2 mg.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heller's cardiomyotomy compared with pneumatic dilatation for treatment of oesophageal achalasia.

The records of 30 patients treated for oesophageal achalasia between 1976 and 1988 were analysed retrospectively. Early and late results were collected to compare the safety and efficacy of Heller's myotomy (n = 13) and pneumatic dilatation (n = 17). Unsatisfactory immediate postoperative results were found in 4 of 13 of the patients who had undergone myotomy (31%) and in 4 of the 17 patients treated by pneumatic dilatation (24%). More patients had improved swallowing during the first postoperative year after myotomy, but this difference ceased with time. The severity of the symptoms affected the results, and dilatations that had to be repeated more than twice were ineffective. We conclude that pneumatic dilatation is as safe as Heller's myotomy, and that although the early results are significantly better after myotomy, the late results are similar.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric outlet obstruction caused by peptic ulcer disease analysis of 99 patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study assessed the changes in the pattern of operation rates and operations performed for gastric outlet obstruction due to peptic ulcer disease in a well-defined population in northern Finland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data from 99 patients recorded during 1977-1994 were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall operation rate was low with a slight variation ranging annually from 1.1 to 3.0 per 10(5) inhabitants. The male-female ratio was 54/45 with no significant changes during the study period. Duodenal ulcer caused annually more gastric outlet obstructions than gastric ulcer, except in the year 1994. Old women were frequently operated on for obstructing ulcer (p < 0.034). The overall mortality after operations performed for obstruction was 5%, and the mean age of the fatalities (68 +/- 9) was significantly higher than that of those who survived (54 +/- 15) (p < 0.042). The high rate of restenosis, 43% (5/12), occurring after proximal gastric vagotomy with pyloroduodenal dilatation, does not justify this procedure for gastric outlet obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: The good results obtained after antrectomy with selective vagotomy encourage us to use it as the main procedure for gastric outlet obstruction. It is concluded that the incidence of operations performed for obstructing peptic ulcer has not decreased during last 18 years.

Duodenal Ulcer↗