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Biomedical subjects

S L Yankell

Publications and source records attributed to S L Yankell.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Sanguinarine, a new antiplaque agent: retention and plaque specificity.

Sanguinarine, a component of sanguinaria extract, was investigated for anti-plaque activity and retention in the oral cavity. Oral rinses containing sanguinaria extract showed antiplaque activity in humans. Uptake and retention levels of sanguinarine in plaque and saliva were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography and sanguinarine levels in plaque were higher than in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations against oral aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Further, sanguinarine was able to disclose plaque with the aid of long-wave ultraviolet light and was retained longer than erythrosine and sodium fluorescein as shown by measurement of plaque area. It was concluded that sanguinarine has a high specificity and retention in dental plaque. The plaque-retentive properties in combination with antimicrobial action may be responsible for its clinical anti-plaque efficacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effects of chlorhexidine and four antimicrobial compounds on plaque, gingivitis, and staining in beagle dogs.

Solutions containing 0.2% of a bis-biguanide, chlorhexidine (positive control), and four bis-amidinourea antimicrobial agents were tested in beagle dogs in a 12-week study. The five agents significantly reduced clinical plaque and gingivitis scores, and gingival fluid volumes in treated dogs, compared with water. All compounds reduced the stain area scores compared to water controls. Stain intensity scores were higher for chlorhexidine than for the four new antimicrobial agents and the water controls. There were no overt behavioral changes. Histological examination of oral tissues revealed no irritation.

Adamantane↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of estimated versus actual brushing time.

Patients at a dental clinic were asked to participate in a toothpaste study. Their brushing times were covertly recorded and they completed a questionnaire about brushing habits. When the actual brushing times for the 154 subjects were compared to their estimated brushing time a highly significant difference was found. Approximately 90% of the subjects stated that they had brushed the same amount as their estimate. Neither actual or estimated brushing time related to age, brushings per day, or regularity of dental care. There was a modest relationship between a subject's age and his regularity of dental care. Younger people were more regular. The only factor related to increased brushing time in this study was the overall rating of the toothpaste. Future research should look at the brushing times of people exposed to oral hygiene programs versus those with no knowledge of the process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The evaluation of tiodonium chloride as an antiplaque and anticaries agent. IV. Effectiveness on plaque and gingivitis in a short-term clinical study.

The purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of 0.3% tiodonium chloride mouthrinse on various plaque and gingivitis indices. Fifty-five subjects were randomly assigned to the tiodonium chloride or placebo mouthrinses. After a prophylaxis on day 1 of the study, the subjects suspended all oral hygiene except for the daily supervised mouthrinsing. Plaque was monitored by thickness, area, and dry weight. All mean plaque scores were significantly lower in the tiodonium chloride group than in the placebo group (P less than 0.01). Gingivitis was assessed by a clinical gingivitis index and by measuring the amount of crevicular fluid. Mean clinical gingivitis scores (GI) did not differ significantly between the two groups; however the mean gingival fluid score was significantly lower in the tiodonium chloride group than in the placebo group (P less than 0.05). No side effects were reported or observed during the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The evaluation of tiodonium chloride as an antiplaque and anticaries agent. V. Effects on plaque microbiology and plaque and saliva pH.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a tiodonium chloride mouthrinse on the microbial composition of plaque and the acidogenic properties of plaque and saliva after challenge with sucrose solutions. Fifty-five participants were grouped on the basis of their tendency to form plaque, then randomly assigned to use either a placebo or a 0.3% tiodonium chloride rinse. After a prophylaxis all oral hygiene was suspended, supervised rinsings were conducted twice daily for four days and once on day 5. One-half hour after the last rinse, plaque was removed from the right mandibular second molar for microbiological evaluation. Plaque was also removed from the right quadrants and mixed with 10% sucrose. The pH of the mixture was measured immediately and after 15 minutes. Saliva was collected before and 30 minutes after the final rinse and mixed with 5% glucose. pH was determined initially and after five hours. Tiodonium chloride rinses significantly reduced the viable organisms in plaque. It also restricted the ability of plaque or saliva to metabolize sucrose as monitored by pH changes. The results suggest that tiodonium chloride might decrease dental caries because of its inhibiting effect on plaque microflora and acid production by plaque and saliva.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1977

Antipyretic testing of commercial aspirin formulations in rats.

Four commercial aspirin formulations and aspirin powder USP were assayed in yeast-fevered rats for antipyretic activity. Tablets allowed to disintegrate spontaneously prior to dosing yielded aggregates of various sizes which failed to produce uniform patterns of antipyresis. When tested at smaller, more uniform particle sizes of total product, consistent, statistically significant antipyresis was observed with no significant variation among formulations. The ED50 values and parallel line assays were homogeneous.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1977

Subacute administration of Plak-Lite sodium fluorescein solution in hamsters.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the potential toxic effects of Plak-Lite disclosing solution, which contains 0.75% sodium fluorescein U.S.P. in buffered glycerol in hamsters under defined and exaggerated conditions. In oral dosing experiments, volumes calculated at least 50, 200 or 1000 times the human daily use level were administered. For intraoral application the 1000 X human use level was selected. The control group was dosed orally with the 1000 X dose volume of water. All animals were treated once a day for 31 or 92 days. Daily examination of animals revealed no overt drug or dosing-related effects. Weights recorded at 31 or 92 days were similar for all groups. Histological evaluation performed on tongue, oral mucosa, cheek pouch, stomach (3 sections), liver, kidney, spleen, small intestine (3 sections), large intestine and bladder revealed no pathological changes. This study demonstrates the safety of Plak-Lite disclosing solution when administered at exaggerated dose levels via routes simulating human use.

Animals↗