Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S L Ust'iantsev.
Development of problems connected with individual occupational risk nowadays updates improvement of methodic approaches to studies of work conditions influence, requires specification in defining main ideas of occupational medicine, needs systematization of some theoretic, practical backgrounds and solutions to some social and economic problems.
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Experimental laboratory studies compared informativeness of new hand ergometer and that of traditional one in diagnosis of muscular fatigue. Ergometric method using the device suggested was proved to be more informative than dinanometry.
Present measurement method of local vibration dose and of corresponding factors characterizes degree of unfavorable effects caused by those components in humans rather indistinctly, because of the following reasons: 1) considering muscular efforts put on a vibrating instrument, "vibration-force" complex incompletely accounts static load on flexor muscles of fingers, if those efforts referred to individual functional abilities; 2) work hardiness used in this method sometimes inadequately reflects value of static muscular efforts in "vibration-force" complex; 3) combined effect of cooling microclimate parameters are evaluated, rather inexactly.
The authors analyzed literature and personal investigations of a method evaluating influence of airborne chemical hazards on humans and created a new physiologic and ergonomic method for this evaluation. The new method, if compared to the traditional one, considers not only multiplicity of the MAC excess for chemical hazards in air, but also a worker's current functional state resulting from work hardiness and ratio of this state to the regular one. Thus, the physiologic and ergonomic method, when compared to the traditional one, precisely evaluates influence of airborne chemical hazards on humans being under excessive physical strain.
The article deals with theoretical analysis of present data on physiology of muscular activity. This analysis helped to specify physiologic and ergonomic mechanism of skeletal muscles work. The authors prove this physiologic and ergonomic mechanism to result from known mechanic and chemical processes in muscular tissue structures. Those mechanic and chemical processes underlie well-known molecular theories of muscular contraction. The physiologic and ergonomic mechanism includes change in elasticity basic for mechanic models and theories of muscular work, so this mechanism appears superior to other models and theories explaining muscular activity. Physiologic and ergonomic mechanism of muscular work appeared to be genetically linked with morphologic and functional differentiation of locomotory units, with presence of specific muscular zones different in contraction and tensile strain.
Laboratory and industrial investigations using physiologic and ergonomic approaches covered dynamic muscular efforts and revealed close correlation between inertial, kinematic characteristics of muscular movements and pulse rate in low, moderate and intensive locomotory activity. The investigations discovered a relationship between pulse rate and ergonomic characteristics in dynamic muscular efforts. Using the finding, the authors created ergonomic equivalent of pulse rate in dynamic muscular efforts, new method and criterion to regulate dynamic muscular effort according to its intensity. The investigations demonstrate that the new methods are more informative, if compared to the regular ones.
The authors elaborated Classification of work hardness, justified allowable and optimal parameters of physical activity according to capacity of dynamic muscular work. The authors also analysed methodic documents on regulation of dynamic muscular load, considering ergonomic and physiologic effects of human muscular activity.
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Among multiple and various functions of the body, motor activity is essential. But it is little studied in schoolchildren. The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of industrial pollution of the ambient air on the motor activity in old schoolchildren. At school, the motor activity of 8th-, 10th-, and 11th-form schoolchildren was found to decrease with age, the dynamics of its decrease was determined by not only sexual differences of pupils, but also by the technogenic ambient air pollutions.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.