Avian leukosis virus (ALV)-free candidate primary and secondary seed lots were indistinguishable from corresponding ALV-contaminated lots with respect to (i) potency as measured by titration in newborn and weanling mice and in the MA-104 plaque system, (ii) degree of viscerotropism as measured by viremia in monkeys, (iii) neurotropism as determined by the monkey neurovirulence test, and (iv) potency as determined by antibody response in monkeys inoculated by the intracerebral route.

Animals↗

PubMed1969

Yellow fever virus. II. Factors affecting the plaque neutralization test.

In studies on the factors and conditions influencing the yellow fever (YF) virus plaque neutralization test, 60 min was found to be the minimal time necessary for equilibration of the virus-antibody complex at 23 and 37 C. Maximal virus titers in the diluent controls and the pre- and postinoculation serum-containing mixtures occurred by the 60-min adsorption time. Serum neutralization indices also seemed to level by this time. Heating (56 C for 30 min) decreased the neutralizing capacity of serum. However, the slope of the neutralization curve was not affected. The addition of native (unheated) "serum factor" in the form of fresh guinea pig or monkey sera partially restored the neutralizing activity lost by heating in some, but not all, sera. Many sera contained nonspecific inhibitors of YF virus infectivity and neutralization. Preliminary studies with ether extraction suggest that these inhibitors are lipid in nature.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1968

Yellow fever vaccine. I. Development of a vaccine seed free from contaminating avian leukosis viruses.

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of anti-LT agents in the treatment of chronic asthma.

Anti-LT agents are the first new class of asthma medication to be approved in the last 20 yr. Current asthma treatment guidelines recommend antileukobriene agents as anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with mild, persistent asthma. The role that these drugs will play in clinical practice will become more apparent as additional experience is gained in their use. The results of clinical studies illustrate their potential: anti-LT agents reduce asthma symptoms, improve airway function, and decrease the need for concomitant beta 2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids; the incidence of asthma exacerbations may also be reduced. Finally, because these agents are administered orally, they offer the potential for improved patient compliance relative to the more complicated forms of drug administration.

Asthma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Observations on patterns of subjective symptomatology of acute asthma.

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adverse reactions associated with parenteral beta agonists: serum potassium changes.

Beta adrenergic agonists can lower serum potassium levels predominantly when they are administered by the parenteral route. Hypokalemia has been demonstrated with the use of albuterol given by the intramuscular, intravenous and subcutaneous (SC) routes as well as with SC epinephrine. The effect appears to be dose related. Certain patients might be at increased risk who are on medications that tend to lower potassium such as corticosteroids, theophylline, diuretics or digoxin. Further studies should be encouraged on the hypokalemic effect of all forms of beta agonists in view of their possible contribution toward arrhythmias and asthma deaths.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular, nasal and oral cromolyn sodium in the management of non-asthmatic allergic problems.

The effectiveness of cromolyn sodium in various clinical situations continues to expand. Ocular cromolyn has been utilized in allergic eye conditions, as well as vernal conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Nasal cromolyn has been successfully utilized in the treatment of allergic rhinitis of the seasonal and perennial types, and oral cromolyn has been employed in people with multiple food allergies in an unusual condition such as systemic mastocytosis. There has been a reawakening of the versatility of this agent in view of its effective blocking of both early and late phase allergic reactions, and its anti-inflammatory potential. Truly cromolyn is a useful agent, not only for its therapeutic efficacy but for its virtual lack of side effects.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Implications of practice parameters (guidelines).

Practice parameters (guidelines) have been developed for many years. The first such parameter, developed by a Joint Task Force of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, and the American College of Allergy and Immunology, was on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with asthma. It was sent in notebook form to members of the Academy and College in 1993. An updated version will be published as a supplement to the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology sometime in 1995. Although the overriding consideration in the development of these parameters is to improve the level of care for patients, and by doing so to decrease asthma morbidity and mortality, recent guidelines have also emphasized cost factors, especially those that are now being developed by managed care organizations. Practice parameters can also reduce malpractice liability, and studies have even shown a reduction in hospital admissions by instituting relatively simple measures of patient behavior. There is no doubt that practice parameters will become an important part of our everyday life.

Allergy and Immunology↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of imaging techniques in patients with chronic sinusitis (X-ray, MRI, A-mode ultrasound).

Thirty-five patients age 9 to 67 were evaluated for chronic sinusitis by history, physical and laboratory examination, and imaging techniques (X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and flexible rhinoscopy). MRI was the most predictive. To establish the diagnosis of sinusitis, it was more sensitive than plain X-ray for intrasinus disease. Findings of edema, erythema, and drainage on flexible rhinoscopy were consistent with chronic sinusitis and were confirmed by MRI and sinus X-rays in 41% of the cases. Nasal smears for polymorphonuclear cells and eosinophils were suggestive of a diagnosis of chronic sinusitis, but other laboratory tests (CBC, sedimentation rate, quantitative immunoglobulins, total IgEs) were of very limited value in the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis.

Adolescent↗