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Biomedical subjects

S L Silberman

Publications and source records attributed to S L Silberman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Changes in dental students' personal needs and values.

Personality characteristics of dental students were studied longitudinally by means of the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values and Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. There were no significant differences when 21 scale scores of seniors were compared to the scores obtained from the same students as freshmen. The lack of significant change indicated a minimal effect of dental education on the personal needs, values, and attitudes of students. Thus, it is essential that faculty know as much as possible about applicants' values and needs prior to their admission to dental school. Knowledge of these personality characteristics is also essential for teaching and reinforcing those attitudes and values that are believed to assist students in developing well-integrated personal and professional lives.

Attitude↗
PubMed1982

Dental students' personality: a Jungian perspective.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was employed to measure the nature and strength of dental students' various basic preference in perceiving and making judgments. The MBTI yields four sets of scores--extrovert-introvert (E-l), sensing-intuitive (S-N), thinking-feeling (T-F), and judging-perceptive (J-P)--and represents 16 personality types that define these preferences. The sample consisted of five classes at the University of Mississippi School of Dentistry (n = 217). The data indicated that the largest group (32 students) was ESFJ, while the next largest (30) was ESTJ. The least frequently represented groups were the INTP (3), the INFP (7), the INTP (7), and the ENTP (7). Dental students exhibited characteristics different from those of students in business, engineering, social work, medicine, and other fields. These findings have implications for admissions committee decisions as well as for the organization and curriculum of the dental school.

Attitude↗
PubMed1980

Dental anxiety and needs in low-income pregnant women.

This study utilized the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) in examining 128 pregnant women, aged 15--34. The data indicated that 71% had not been to the dentist within the past year, 58% had made their last visit to the dentist because of pain, and 36% had presented to the dentist in pain. These patients had a mean of 7.3 tooth surfaces, or almost two teeth, that needed to be extracted, and 11.3 tooth surfaces, or almost three teeth, that had been extracted previously. Fillings were almost non-existent in this group of women. The moderately high anxiety scores were anticipated due to the inverse association between socioeconomic status and dental anxiety. However, knowing the anxiety level and needs prior to treatment prepared the operator to use caution and tact during each procedure. This brief test is invaluable in dental treatment situations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The use of audiovisual procedures in evaluating oral diagnostic and treatment planning skills of dental students.

In the belief that an examination testing the diagnostic and treatment planning capabilities of junior dental students should involve more than the traditional paper and pencil test, a new test was developed at the University of Mississippi School of Dentistry. Interesting and varied stimuli, such as a videotape, visual aids, and relevant dental data were included as part of this exam. The test was administered, and the degree of student anxiety before, during, and after the examination was measured. In general, students performed well; the majority indicated a preference for this type of examination over the usual paper and pencil test. As expected, anxiety levels increased until the examination was completed and then decreased. Student evaluations were not affected by the degree of anxiety. The inclusion of a variety of materials in a test measuring diagnostic and treatment planning skills resulted in a more challenging examination; the use of a videotaped segment simulating a case history provided consistency in the test material.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1980

Host-derived antibody-dependent cytotoxic cells within murine tumors.

Mouse ascites tumor preparations had strong antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) activity, whereas cultured tumor cells did not. L5178 lymphoma cells reversibly expressed surface Fc receptors in vivo but not in vitro. Cultured lymphoma cells grown in vivo in diffusion chambers expressed Fc receptors but not ADCC activity. These results suggest that an Fc receptor is not sufficient to endow a cell with ADCC activity. The transplanted ascites tumors L5178 and MOT, an ovarian teratoma, contained about 2-5% host-derived cells, which represents a significant increase in the total number of host-derived peritoneal cells compared to the number of cells found in nontumor-bearing mice. These infiltrating host cells were separated from the ascites tumor cells by velocity sedimentation and by lysis with antibody and complement. In both instances, all the ADCC activity was associated with the host cells, whereas cells, such as killer cells and macrophage;, infiltrate ascites tumors and completely account for the potent ADCC activity associated with ascites tumor preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Recurring oral pregnancy tumors.

Two cases of recurring "pregnancy tumors" are described. The likelihood of these lesions occurring and recurring following conservative therapy is enhanced by hormonal concentrations in the gingival tissues in conjunction with local factors produced by poor oral hygiene. This condition may pose a clinical problem in the pregnant woman.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Mechanisms of hemopoietic and immunological dysfunction induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

Sublethal irradiation (500 R) of C3H mice is followed by a gradual replacement of radiosensitive cells in their spleens by surviving stem cells originating in bone marrow. This compensatory hemopoiesis was quantitated by counting the numbers of stem cell-derived colonies appearing on spleen surfaces, as well as those which grew in vitro after marrow cells, suspended in soft agar, were overlaid onto syngenic mouse embryo fibroblast feeder layers. Compensatory colony formation, both in vivo and in vitro, was severely depressed when mice were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) 1 day before irradiation, although the induction of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in their spleens was unimpaired. Without irradiation, mice, acutely infected with LCMV, showed a dramatic reduction in the numbers of specific antibody-forming cells generated in their spleens after priming with sheep erythrocytes during week 1 post-infection, yet the ability of their marrow cells to form colonies in vitro remained normal. Therefore, the basis of immunodepression is distinct from that of defective hemopoiesis since the latter is apparent only when LCMV infection is accompanied by irradiation. However, as discussed, both phenomena may be related to alterations induced within the splenic environment by LCMV.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of personal values among freshman and senior dental students and dental faculty.

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of dental education on the values of dental students and dental faculty. This was accomplished by testing five hypotheses. The results of the study indicate no significant differences between freshmen and senior students' values; infer no apparent changes in student values during a dental education; indicate no significant differences between part-time faculty and full-time faculty; support a positive association among all groups, i.e., freshmen, seniors, full- and part-time faculty; rank-order the values for all groups from highest to lowest (theoretical, aesthetic, political, economic, social, and religious); and show some significant differences between students as a group and faculty as a group. If a more objective means of choosing dental students is desired, then further research will be needed to determine the characteristics of the type of practitioner that is needed. The presented data help in defining one aspect of the collective personality of dental students and dental faculties.

Economics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Standardization of value profiles of dental students and dental faculty.

This study used the Allport-Vernon, Lindzey1,2 Study of Values to establish standardized norms for dental populations, and examined the relationship among freshmen, seniors, and full-time and part-time faculty. The normative data indicate that there is a similarity in general patterns for all groups. The dental student population sampled have higher scores on aesthetic and social values than their counterparts ten years ago.

Faculty, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of primary canine hypoplasia of the mandibular teeth.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of an uncommon lesion of the primary mandibular canines (primary canine hypoplasia), and its association with age, race, gender, dental caries, fluoridation status of the drinking water, breast-feeding, and geographic location. The study population comprised 2686 randomly selected children, black and white, 4 and 8 years old, who were enrolled in accredited private and public preschools and elementary schools in Mississippi. There were 1318 males and 1368 females, 1289 white children and 1397 black children, 1353 4-year-olds and 1333 8-year-olds. Results indicate that an association exists for race (P = 0.0001), gender (P = 0.01), and dental caries (P = 0.0001), but not for age (P = 0.07), geographic location (P = 0.73), fluoridation status of the water supply (P = 0.145), or breast-feeding (P = 0.392). The prevalence rate of primary canine hypoplasia was 33.2% for black children and 17.2% for white children. These data indicate that this lesion is significantly more prevalent in blacks than whites, and that teeth with this lesion have a greater probability of developing dental caries.

Black People↗