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Biomedical subjects

S L Naylor

Publications and source records attributed to S L Naylor.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Human c-Ki-ras2 proto-oncogene on chromosome 12.

A human colonic adenocarcinoma transforming gene, recently identified as a cellular homolog of the Kirsten sarcoma gene (v-ras), was used to assign the human cellular Kirsten ras2 gene to chromosome 12 by the Southern hybridization method. A single 640 base-pair Eco RI--Hind III fragment of the transforming gene, isolated by DNA transfection and molecular cloning, can detect a single Eco RI fragment (2.9 kilobase pairs) of DNA from phenotypically normal cells. The data suggest a constant chromosomal location of c-Ki-ras2.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Human immune interferon gene is located on chromosome 12.

A cDNA clone for human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) gene sequences, plasmid p69, was used to chromosomally map the IFN-gamma gene by detecting human IFN-gamma gene sequences in DNA isolated from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. We were able to map the IFN-gamma gene by correlating the human chromosomes present in these hybrids with the human specific 8.8 and 2.0 kilobase pair fragments produced by EcoRI digestion of genomic DNA. Southern blot analysis of 37 hybrid cell lines indicated that the gene for IFN-gamma was on human chromosome 12. A hybrid containing a portion of chromosome 12 localized the IFN-gamma gene to the p1205 leads to qter region.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Human and mouse cellular myc protooncogenes reside on chromosomes involved in numerical and structural aberrations in cancer.

A molecular clone of viral myc (v-myc), the oncogene of avian myelocytomatosis virus, MC29, detected homologous human, mouse, and Chinese hamster cellular myc (c-myc) sequences by Southern filter hybridization. A v-myc probe, containing sequences from the 3' domain of the gene, hybridized to single human HindIII and mouse EcoRI genomic DNA fragments of the cellular myc genes whose segregation could be followed in interspecies somatic cell hybrids. Human c-myc segregated concordantly with the enzyme marker glutathione reductase and with a karyotypically normal chromosome 8. A rearrangement of human c-myc was observed in Burkitt's lymphoma cells possessing the t(8;14) translocation. These results suggest that human c-myc is located close to the breakpoint on chromosome 8 (q24) involved in the t(8;14) translocation. The mouse c-myc gene segregated concordantly with chromosome 15 in mouse-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. These gene assignments are noteworthy, as structural and numerical abnormalities of human chromosome 8 and mouse chromosome 15 are associated frequently with B-cell neoplasms.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Chromosome assignment of genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of glycoprotein hormones in man and mouse.

The chromosomal locations of the genes for the common alpha subunit of the glycoprotein hormones and the beta subunit of chorionic gonadotropin in humans and mice have been determined by restriction enzyme analysis of DNA isolated from somatic cell hybrids. The CG alpha gene (CGA), detected as a 15-kb BamHI fragment in human DNA by hybridization to CG alpha cDNA, segregated with the chromosome 6 enzyme markers ME1 (malic enzyme, soluble) and SOD2 (superoxide dismutase, mitchondrial) and an intact chromosome 6 in human-rodent hybrids. Cell hybrids containing portions of chromosome 6 allowed the localization of CGA to the q12 leads to q21 region. The greater than 30- and 6.5-kb BamHI CGB fragments hybridizing to human CG beta cDNA segregated concordantly with the human chromosome 19 marker enzymes PEPD (peptidase D) and GPI (glucose phosphate isomerase) and a normal chromosome 19 in karyotyped hybrids. A KpnI-HindIII digest of cell hybrid DNAs indicated that the multiple copies of the CG beta gene are all located on human chromosome 19. In the mouse, the alpha subunit gene, detected by a mouse thyrotropin (TSH) alpha subunit probe, and the CG beta-like sequences (CG beta-LH beta), detected by the human CG beta cDNA probe, are on chromosomes 4 and 7, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Human parathyroid hormone gene (PTH) is on short arm of chromosome 11.

The human gene for parathyroid hormone (PTH) was chromosomally mapped using human-rodent hybrids and Southern filter hybridization of cell hybrid DNA. A recombinant DNA probe containing human PTH cDNA insert (pPTHm122) hybridized to a 3.7-kb fragment in human DNA cleaved with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. By correlating the presence of this fragment in somatic cell hybrid DNA with the human chromosomal content of the hybrid cells, the PTH gene was mapped to the short arm of the chromosome 11.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Two nonallelic tRNAiMet genes are located in the p23 leads to q12 region of human chromosome 6.

Two nonallelic human tRNAiMet genes were assigned to chromosome 6 by filter hybridization of DNA from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids by using probes containing unique sequences from the regions flanking each tRNAiMet gene. These unique sequence probes thus allowed each tRNAiMet gene to be analyzed individually in cell hybrids. Both tRNAiMet genes segregated in the hybrid cells with the chromosome 6 enzyme markers, soluble malic enzyme and the mitochondrial form of superoxide dismutase, and also with a karyotypically normal chromosome 6. By using hybrid clones containing translocations that divide chromosome 6 into five segments, both tRNAiMet genes were assigned to the p23 leads to q12 region. These results raise the possibility that other tRNAiMet genes may be syntenic with the two described in this study and illustrate the utility of using unique flanking sequences to identify members of a multigene family.

Alleles↗
PubMed1983

High-resolution chromosomal localization of human genes for amylase, proopiomelanocortin, somatostatin, and a DNA fragment (D3S1) by in situ hybridization.

The method of in situ hybridization has become a significant technique for specific-site chromosome mapping. We show that the resolution of in situ hybridization can be increased by hybridizing the probe to stretched prometaphase chromosomes with high-resolution banding obtained after 5-bromodeoxyuridine treatment of the cells and with a Hoechst 33258/Giemsa chromosome-staining method. Using this procedure, we assigned to specific chromosome sites three cloned genes and one DNA polymorphism: amylase gene (AMY) to 1p21; proopiomelanocortin gene (POMC) to 2p23, somatostatin gene (SST) to 3q28, and a single copy DNA segment (D3S1) to 3q12.

Amylases↗
PubMed1983

Polymorphic human somatostatin gene is located on chromosome 3.

Somatostatin is a 14-amino-acid neuropeptide and hormone that inhibits the secretion of several peptide hormones. The human gene for somatostatin SST has been cloned, and the sequence has been determined. This clone was used as a probe in chromosome mapping studies to detect the human somatostatin sequence in human-rodent hybrids. Southern blot analysis of 41 hybrids, including some containing translocations of human chromosomes, placed SST in the q21 leads to qter region of chromosome 3. Human DNAs from unrelated individuals were screened for restriction fragment polymorphisms detectable by the somatostatin gene probe. Two polymorphisms were found: (i) an EcoRI variant located at the 3' end of the gene, found in Caucasian, U.S. Black, and Asian populations with a frequency of approximately 0.10 and (ii) a BamHI variant in the intron, which occurs in Caucasians at a frequency of 0.13.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Organization of rDNA spacer fragment variants among human acrocentric chromosomes in somatic cell hybrids.

Although the human rDNA gene family is organized in clusters of tandem repeats on five pairs of acrocentric chromosomes, all rDNA genes have undergone a "concerted" evolution resulting in a homogeneous population of genes. Two steps are necessary for a variant to spread to all rDNA genes: dissemination of the variant to all genes in a cluster; and exchange of rDNA genes between nonhomologous chromosomes. To study the organization of rDNA genes, a restriction fragment length polymorphism in the spacer region adjacent to the 28S gene was examined in somatic cell hybrids in which individual human acrocentric chromosomes could be isolated. Human DNA cut with BamHI and analyzed by Southern hybridization yields two to four major bands that hybridize to a 32P-labeled cloned fragment of the 28S gene. Hybrids containing single human acrocentric chromosomes do not recapitulate the parental patterns, but frequently have only one of the parental bands. The data suggest that the quantitative distribution of spacer length variants differs among the human acrocentric chromosomes in hybrids. The frequently observed homogeneity of the rDNA variants on individual acrocentric chromosomes in hybrid cells may reflect the individual rDNA clusters in the parental cell or may be a result of unequal crossing over in the hybrid cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Clustering of leukocyte and fibroblast interferon genes of human chromosome 9.

At least ten leukocyte interferon genes and the single known fibroblast interferon gene have been localized on the pter leads to q12 region of human chromosome 9. Gene mapping was accomplished by blot hybridization of cloned interferon complementary DNA to DNA from human-mouse cell hybrids with a translocation involving human chromosome 9. Supporting evidence suggests these genes are clustered.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1982

Mapping of aminoacylase-1 and beta-galactosidase-A to homologous regions of human chromosome 3 and mouse chromosome 9 suggests location of additional genes.

Conserved linkage groups have been found on the X and autosomal chromosomes in several mammalian species. The identification of conserved chromosomal regions has potential for predicting gene location in mammals, particularly in humans. The genes for human aminoacylase-1 (ACY1, N-acylamino acid aminohydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.14), an enzyme in amino acid metabolism, and beta-galactosidase-A (GLB1, E.C.3.2.1.23), deficient in GM1-gangliosidosis, have been assigned to human chromosome 3. Using human-mouse somatic cell hybrids segregating translocations of human chromosome 3, expression of both ACY1 and GLB1 correlated with the presence of the p21 leads to q21 region of chromosome 3. In a previous study, assignment of these genes to mouse chromosome 9 used mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids, eliminating mouse chromosomes. To approximate the size of the conserved region in the mouse, experiments were performed with recombinant inbred mouse strains. An electrophoretic variant of ACY-1 in mouse strains was used to map the Acy-1 gene 10.7 map U from the beta-galactosidase locus. These data suggest that there is a region of homology within the p21 leads to q21 region of human chromosome 3 and a segment of mouse chromosome 9. Since the mouse transferrin gene (Trf) is closely linked to the aminoacylase and beta-galactosidase loci, we predict that the human transferrin (TF) gene is on chromosome 3.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1980

Bioautographic visualization of dihydrofolate reductase in enzyme overproducing BHK mutants.

A bioautographic procedure has been developed for the visualization of the isozymes of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, E.C. 1.5.1.3). In addition to detecting electrophoretically separated enzymes, bioautography was utilized to visualize DHFR after isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. Both zone electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing were used to compare wildtype BHK cells to mutants which overproduce dihydrofolate reductase. In agreement with other physical data, the BHK-A5 overproduction mutant appears to produce more dihydrofolate reductase of the same electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric point as wild type cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Branched-chain aminotransferase deficiency in Chinese hamster cells complemented by two independent genes on human chromosomes 12 and 19.

Branched-chain aminotransferase (BCT) catalyzes the reversible transamination of the branched-chain alpha-keto acids to the branched-chain L-amino acids. Since branched-chain L-amino acids (L-isoleucine, L-leucine, and L-valine) are essential for cell growth, cells which lack BCT were unable to proliferate in media containing alpha-keto acids in place of the corresponding L-amino acids. CHW-1102, a Chinese hamster cell line, lacks BCT and does not grow in alpha-keto acid media. Somatic cell hybrids were made by the fusion of CHW-1102 (HPRT-) with several human cell lines and isolated on HAT medium. Growth assays of hybrid clones on alpha-keto acid selection media independent of the HAT selection medium indicated two cell hybrid phenotypes: either (1) the hybrid clone, like the parental CHW-1102, could not utilize alpha-keto acid media, or (2) the hybrid could proliferate on all three alpha-keto acid media. The ability of hybrid cells to proliferate on alpha-keto acid media correlated with the presence of either of two human genes which independently complemented the Chinese hamster deficiency. Two human genes. BCT1 assigned to chromosome 12 and BCT2 assigned to chromosome 19, were demonstrated to code for the expression of two molecular forms of BCT.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗
PubMed1979

Bioautographic visualization of aminoacylase-1: assignment of the structural gene ACY-1 to chromosome 3 in man.

A bioautographic assay was developed for the visualization of aminoacylase-1 (N-acylamino acid aminohydrolase, ACY-1; EC 3.5.1.14) after zone electrophoresis. Bioautography and species differences in electrophoretic mobility of ACY-1 made it possible to investigate the chromosome assignment of the gene for human ACY-1 using human--mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human ACY-1 segregated concordantly with beta-galactosidase-A (beta GALA; EC 3.2.1.23) but showed discordant segregation with 32 other markers representing 23 linkage groups. The beta GALA gene has been previously assigned to chromosome 3. From this evidence and confirming chromosome analyses, ACY-1 has been assigned to chromosome 3. A genetic polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of ACY was observed in mouse strains, demonstrating that this enzyme can be mapped in genetic crosses of Mus musculus.

Amidohydrolases↗