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Biomedical subjects

S L Jones

Publications and source records attributed to S L Jones.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Characterization of coeruleospinal inhibition of the nociceptive tail-flick reflex in the rat: mediation by spinal alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Several lines of evidence implicate bulbospinal noradrenergic pathways in antinociception and descending inhibition. In the present study, descending inhibition of the nociceptive tail-flick (TF) reflex by electrical stimulation in the dorsolateral pons (DLP) and the spinal neurotransmitter(s) mediating that inhibition were characterized in lightly pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. It was determined that 10 s of stimulation in the DLP prior to the application of heat to the tail resulted in optimum (lowest) thresholds for inhibition of the TF reflex. Conditioning-test studies indicated that the duration of the inhibitory effects produced by stimulation outlasted the 10-s period of stimulation by approximately 5 s. Systematic mapping studies revealed that inhibition of the TF reflex could be produced by stimulation throughout a large portion of the DLP; however, stimulation sites requiring the lowest intensities of stimulation (less than or equal to 25 microA) were in the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus. Changes in blood pressure were not produced at this intensity and duration of stimulation. S-glutamate microinjections and stimulation strength-duration determinations suggest that inhibition of the TF reflex produced by stimulation in the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus results from activation of cell bodies. The intrathecal administration of pharmacologic antagonists (phentolamine, yohimbine, prazosin, naloxone, methysergide, atropine and bicuculline) revealed that only the alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine and yohimbine resulted in significant increases in stimulation thresholds in the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus for inhibition of the TF reflex (83.1 and 93.9%, respectively). These results indicate that inhibition of the spinal nociceptive TF reflex produced by electrical stimulation in the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus is at least in part a noradrenergic, postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated effect.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1986

Binge eaters: a comparison of eating patterns of those who admit to binging and those who do not.

The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed bulimic or pre-bulimic behaviours in a normal, but high risk population. A questionnaire eliciting information about eating habits and potential binge episodes, demographic background, and information about height and weight was completed by 479 college students. Subjects were designated as a non-binger, a non-labelled binger, or labelled binger according to their responses. Consistent with previous literature, findings showed a high prevalence of bulimia in the young, female, middle income population. Findings also revealed a group of students who described frequent binge episodes but did not consider themselves to have an eating disorder in that they did not label themselves as 'binge eaters' (the non-labelled binge group).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative characterization of ceruleospinal inhibition of nociceptive transmission in the rat.

A total of 51 dorsal horn units responsive to heat were isolated and their receptive fields characterized (i.e., response properties and adequate stimuli determined) in pentobarbital-anesthetized, paralyzed rats. In 39 of the 51 units, the descending inhibition of heat-evoked activity produced by focal electrical stimulation in the locus ceruleus/subceruleus (LC/SC) was examined. All units studied responded to mechanical stimulation, to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral tibial nerve at intensities supramaximal to activate A-alpha, delta- and C-fibers, and to noxious heating (50 degrees C) of the footpad. The cutaneous receptive fields of all units were confined to the glabrous skin of the toes and footpad. All neurons examined were located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in laminae I-VI. Tracking experiments established that inhibition of heat-evoked dorsal horn unit activity could be reliably produced by focal electrical stimulation in both the contralateral and ipsilateral LC/SC. The inhibition produced by electrical stimulation in the LC/SC was intensity-, pulse duration-, and frequency-dependent. In six experiments, the efficacy of LC/SC stimulation-produced inhibition of heat-evoked activity was compared using two pulse durations (100 and 400 microseconds); greater inhibition of heat-evoked activity was produced at lower intensities of stimulation at the 400-microseconds pulse duration. In 10 experiments, the frequency of stimulation was varied (25-200 Hz); stimulation at a frequency of 100 Hz resulted in maximal inhibition of heat-evoked activity for stimulation sites both inside (n = 7) and outside (n = 3) the LC/SC. Inhibition of heat-evoked dorsal horn unit activity could be reliably produced by focal electrical stimulation in sites inside the LC/SC (n = 18). Significant descending inhibition of noxious heat-evoked spinal neuronal activity could also be produced by stimulation in pontine sites located outside the LC/SC, however, not as reliably. Systematic electrode tracks were made through the pons, using a searching stimulus of 100 microA, to locate sites medial, lateral, and ventral to the LC/SC from which significant descending inhibition could be produced. Stimulation in 156 sites outside the LC/SC at 100 microA produced inhibition of heat-evoked spinal unit activity to 50% of control or less in only 37 sites. Descending inhibition was characterized quantitatively from 14 of these 37 sites; the mean intensities of stimulation to inhibit heat-evoked activity to 50% of control were experimentally determined, and the mean thresholds of stimulation for inhibition and the mean recruitment indices were calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intracardiac electrophysiologic studies in the medical evaluation of aviators.

Ten aviators with cardiac symptoms or electrocardiographic abnormalities underwent electrophysiologic testing. Four patients were studied because of symptoms including palpitations, nearsyncope, and sudden cardiac death. Six patients were studied because of electrocardiographic abnormalities including AV block, right bundle branch block, sinus bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and questionable Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Three patients with bradycardia and/or AV block were found to have increased vagal tone. A fourth patient had nearsyncope and intra-Hisian block. Of four patients evaluated for palpitations and/or tachycardias; one had nonsustained ventricular tachycardia; one had easily inducible ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation; one had a normal study, and one had coronary artery disease with an unanticipated prolonged HV interval. The diagnosis of congenital right bundle branch block and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were confirmed in the final two patents. Performance of electrophysiologic testing provided objective data to allow appropriate therapeutic and administrative decisions in these aviators.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Monoclonal antibodies to human squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and their application to tumor diagnosis.

Three immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibodies, LuCa2, LuCa3, and LuCa4, were produced by fusing murine myeloma NS1 cells with splenocytes obtained from a BALB/c mouse immunized with SK-MES1 cells derived from human squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. These three monoclonal antibodies were shown to recognize different protein antigens on SK-MES1 cells by indirect immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. While the pattern of cell line distribution of antigens recognized by these antibodies was not tumor type specific, their reactivity with tissue and pleural effusion was much more informative than with cell lines. The presence of target antigens in vivo was analyzed by immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissue sections and immunofluorescence staining of tumor cells in pleural effusions. LuCa2 antibody was reactive with lung squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma tumor tissues and pleural effusions, but only infrequently with those of small cell carcinoma. This antibody was also reactive with many tumor tissues from other organs as well as with various normal tissues, including alveoli and bronchus. LuCa3 and LuCa4 antibodies reacted with lung squamous carcinoma in tissues and pleural effusions, but not with lung adenocarcinoma nor with small cell carcinoma. These two antibodies reacted only weakly with normal squamous tissues of the esophagus, skin, and cervix uteri, but not with various other normal tissues. Moreover, LuCa3 had weak reactivity with squamous cell carcinoma tissue of tongue and esophagus, whereas LuCa4 had no reactivity with nonpulmonary tumor tissues. LuCa3 and LuCa4 antibodies should be of clinical interest, because our data suggest that these antibodies may be potentially useful for the diagnosis of the histological type of lung tumor cells in both cancer tissue and pleural effusions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in colorectal carcinoma. I. Favorable prognosis in female patients.

In an immunological study of 288 colorectal carcinoma patients, we investigated the relationship between survival and preoperative in vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against the colonic carcinoma cell line HT-29. A highly significantly favorable (p = 0.001) association was found in the 20 female patients with ADCC. Nearly all (97%) of the 66 patients with ADCC were blood group O, but blood group per se did not relate to survival, nor could staging explain the survival association with ADCC. The mechanism whereby ADCC or its in vivo expression confers a survival advantage is unknown but we suggest that it derives from immunoreactivity against blood group A antigens produced inappropriately in the carcinomatous epithelium of the group O and B patients.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in colorectal carcinoma. II. Blood group association.

Colorectal carcinoma patients' sera with ADCC antibody reacting with the HT-29 cell line (blood group A) generally (88%) cross-reacted with another group A cell line (COLO-394) but much less frequently (6-33%), with six tumor cell lines that did not express ABO blood group antigens. The findings suggested the possibility that the ADCC reactivity against the HT-29 cell line particularly by patients of blood group O is generally via "A" or "A-like" antigenicity of the target cells. This was supported by absorption studies that showed that the ADCC reactivity could be removed by blood group A but never by group B erythrocytes. Our results suggest that the prognostically favorable ADCC antibody in colorectal carcinoma patients' sera is of anti-blood group A specificity or cross reactivity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Assessing disulfiram compliance: validational study of an abbreviated breath test procedure.

An abbreviated breath test for detecting the disulfiram metabolite carbon disulfide (CS2) was evaluated in an analogue investigation of the sensitivity of the test in identifying disulfiram and non-disulfiram intake in a group of 14 alcoholic inpatients. Disulfiram (250 mg) was administered within an ABAB repeated measures design over a 12-day period with corresponding breath tests administered during morning and afternoon time periods. Dependent measures included spectrophotometric analysis of reacted test samples and visual ratings of sample color. Results indicated that the test was highly sensitive in discriminating disulfiram administration for the group as a whole, as well as for individual subjects. Moreover, visual ratings were more accurate than spectrophotometric cut-off scores in identifying disulfiram administration. The test shows considerable promise as a rapid means of assessing disulfiram compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibodies to human colon and colorectal carcinoma.

A series of monoclonal antibodies was produced by immunizing mice with fresh carcinoma of the colon and with the cell line HT-29. These antibodies could be classified into 3 different groups: (a) those which were HT-29 specific and reacted with no other cell line or fresh colon carcinoma samples; (b) antibodies which reacted with HT-29 and were also reactive with a number of other in vitro cell lines; and (c) antibodies which appeared to be specific for carcinoma of the colon cell lines in that they reacted selectively with colon carcinoma cell lines and not with carcinoma lines derived from other tissues. It was clearly shown by immunoperoxidase staining of both normal and neoplastic cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa, from stomach to colon, that these antibodies were not tumour-specific. Indeed, one antibody (250-30.6) has a remarkable specificity for secretory epithelium of any tissue whether it be found in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system or urinary system. We question the existence of tumour-specific antigens detected by monoclonal antisera described thus far, and comment on the remarkable specificity of some of the sera produced, emphasized by the secretory cell-specific antibody described herein.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A human breast tissue-associated antigen detected by a monoclonal antibody.

Two monoclonal antibodies were produced in mice immunized with the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. One antibody (24-17.1) reacted with MCF-7 and other breast tumor cell lines and detected an antigen of Mr 95,000. This antigen was not breast-specific because other tumor cell lines were also reactive. The second antibody (24-17.2) detected an antigen of Mr 100,000 (initially appearing to be specific for breast tissue and possibly for breast carcinomas) which was present on 10 of 10 malignant breast lines and absent from 41 of 43 other cell lines of differing origins. The antigen could not be detected by absorption or a direct test on normal tissues (liver, kidney, heart, spleen) or on lymphocytes. In addition, the 24-17.2 antibody reacted absorptively with 12 of 13 fresh breast carcinoma samples but not with fresh colon carcinoma samples. The 100,000-Mr antigen detected by the 24-17.2 antibody appeared to be distinct from the other components of normal breast, such as casein, lactalbumin, or milk fat globulin protein. This evidence indicated that the 24-17.2 antibody detected a human breast carcinoma-associated antigen (HBCAA). However, further histologic studies were used to determine the cellular distribution of the HBCAA, which was found on malignant breast epithelium, the epithelium of gynecomastia, and in lesser amounts and differently distributed on normal breast epithelium. The antigen was also found in several other tissues; nonetheless, the anti-HBCAA could be detected in increased amounts in the sera of patients with breast cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Immunoglobulins intrinsic to colorectal carcinoma: an unfavorable prognostic association with IgM.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) eluates prepared from cell membrane fractions of 50 colorectal carcinomas were found to contain significantly (P less than .001) less IgA and IgM and marginally less IgG than normal colon mucosa. IgA and IgG were present in all tumors, but IgM was present in only 20 of 50 tumors (40%). Small (less than or equal to the median vol) tumors contained significantly (P less than .05) more IgA and IgG per gram tissue than did large tumors. Tumors with a large (greater than the median) proportion of stroma contained more IgG than did those with less stroma. No associations were found between Ig and amount of viable-appearing tumor tissue, necrosis, mucin production, and staging. Patients whose tumors contained measurable amounts of IgM had a significantly (P = .012) shorter survival than did patients without intrinsic IgM (12 and 27 mo at the 75th percentile, respectively). The difference could not be explained by conventional staging.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Skill training with alcoholics: a clinical extension.

The present study attempted to replicate and extend a behavioral skill training package developed by Chaney, O'Leary, & Marlatt (1978) to a group of alcoholics of higher socio-economic status than the population originally studied. Subjects receiving the skill training package, which consisted of behavioral rehearsal of coping responses generated for potential relapse-precipitating events, were compared to a control group which received no additional treatment and to a discussion control group which discussed the potential relapse-precipitating events without rehearsing specific responses. All subjects received the assigned treatment as an adjunct to a standard inpatient treatment program. Unlike the results of the Chaney et al. study, which found the skill training package to be superior to both control groups, the present study found that both the skill training and discussion groups were superior to the no-treatment control group, and did not differ from each other.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1982

Biochemical response of rat lung to inhaled n-hexane.

Biochemical response of the rat lung to inhaled n-hexane was investigated. Dose-dependent increase in protein, lipid, sialic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, acid and alkaline phosphatase was observed in the cell-free lavage effluent of the lungs of exposed rats compared to the control animals. This was interpreted as enhanced pulmonary secretions accompanied by increased cell damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Persistence of organ- and iso-antigens in vitro in a long-term culture cell line of colonic carcinoma.

Cells of colonic carcinoma line HT-29, cultured over more than 170 generations and extensively used in immunological studies of patients with colorectal tumours, still express several immunologically valuable characteristics presumably present since its inception. The cell line can induce a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the nude mouse, it has human antigenic characteristics, it expresses blood group A antigen, and produces a colon-specific mucin and CEA, though not colon cancer-specific mucin (CCM). It remains useful as a target for in vitro testing of anti-tumour immunoreactivity in colorectal cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗