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Biomedical subjects

S L Ho

Publications and source records attributed to S L Ho.

80 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

CSF neurochemical study of tardive dyskinesia.

Twenty-three inpatients who met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia were selected for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurochemical study of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Ten inpatients had tardive dyskinesia, and the remaining 13 patients without TD served as controls. There were no intergroup differences in sex, age, duration of neuroleptic treatment, or in total amount of neuroleptics received between the TD and the control groups. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected by lumbar puncture, and concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA), MHPG, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured. The concentrations of MHPG (TD 11.56 +/- 3.48 ng/ml versus control 14.20 +/- 3.86 ng/ml), 5-HIAA (45.27 +/- 9.77 ng/ml versus 40.34 +/- 13.77 ng/ml), and HVA (38.26 +/- 18.31 ng/ml versus 31.40 +/- 7.83 ng/ml), and the activity of AChE (TD 7.95 +/- 5.21 mmol/g.hr versus control 12.89 +/- 8.04 mmol/g.hr) showed no significant differences between the two groups, but the ratios of HVA/AChE (t = 2.21, p = 0.05), 5-HIAA/AChE (t = 2.62, p = 0.02), MHPG/HVA (t = -2.16, p = 0.04), and MHPG/5-HIAA (t = -2.48, p = 0.02) were statistically different. The results indicated that TD might involve an imbalance of dopamine-acetylcholine, noradrenalin-dopamine, noradrenalin-serotonin, and serotonin-acetylcholine.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1988

The specificity of the dexamethasone suppression test in endogenous depressive patients.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) for endogenous depression. Between July 1983 and June 1985 we collected 51 cases of endogenous depression (including 16 bipolar disorder, depressed, and 35 major depression with melancholia), 36 cases of schizophrenia (including 14 with depression and 22 without depression), 19 cases of borderline disorder with depression, 16 cases of dysthymic disorder, and 20 normal volunteers. The sensitivity of the DST in the endogenous depression group was 62.7%, which was significantly higher than that of the schizophrenic group (36.1%), the borderline disorder with depression group (31.6%), and the control group (11.1%) (including dysthymic disorder patients and normal volunteers) (X2 = 24.48, df = 3, p less than 0.001). However, the specificity of the DST was 63.9%, 68.4%, and 88.9% when the endogenous depression group was compared with the other three groups, respectively. To differentiate endogenous depression from other mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, borderline disorder), such critical variables as patient history and clinical symptoms may be more valuable. Many factors that were reported to be related with DST were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Chronic active hepatitis in mice induced by 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone.

Chronic active hepatitis was selectively induced in mice by the feeding of a diet containing 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone (0.5% by weight) for periods of 6 weeks and longer. This model should be of particular value in elucidating the pathogenesis of drug-induced forms of chronic active hepatitis. Maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone) did not produce any liver lesion.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Role of delayed intraaortic balloon pumping in treatment of experimental myocardial infarction.

Intraaortic balloon pumping improves coronary blood flow characteristics while simultaneously reducing myocardial oxygen demands by reducing aortic systolic pressure. Clinical application of intraaortic balloon pumping has largely been in the "high risk" patient (cardiogenic shock, postinfarction angina, left main coronary artery disease and unstable angina) for support during diagnostic studies or cardiac surgery, or both. In addition, there is some evidence that balloon pumping immediately after coronary occlusion reduces the size of experimentally induced myocardial infarcts. In this study, myocardial infarcts were produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 12 dogs, 6 of which were treated with balloon counterpulsation beginning 3 hours after coronary occlusion. All dogs were killed 8 hours after coronary ligation. Intraaortic balloon pumping resulted in the expected hemodynamic changes (decreased aortic systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and heart rate and increased aortic peak diastolic pressure). In addition, there was a significant reduction in infarct size in the group with balloon pumping as determined with epicardial S-T segment mapping, myocardial imaging with technetium-99m-glucoheptonate and histochemical staining with nitroblue tetrazolium. These results suggest that even when instituted as long as 3 hours after coronary occlusion, intraaortic balloon pumping results in significant reduction in infarct size and, it might be speculated, the mortality and morbidity associated with acute myocardial infarction may also be decreased.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between plasma cortisol and CSF catecholamines in endogenous depressed dexamethasone nonsuppressors.

Nineteen endogenous depressive in-patients (13 with major depression and 6 with bipolar disorder-depressed) and 10 other patients with dysthymic disorder serving as the control group were given the dexamethasone suppression test (DST, 1 mg/subject). The results showed that the DST sensitivity in endogenous depressives was 73.7% and the specificity was 90%. After the patients were treated daily for 6 weeks with 150-200 mg imipramine, 88.9% of those endogenous depressive patients who previously had a positive DST response exhibited a negative response. Moreover, a significantly negative correlation was found between the CSF norepinephrine level and the pre-dexamethasone 4 p.m. plasma cortisol level in those endogenous depressed patients who had a positive DST response. Pre-treatment data also showed that the 4 p.m. plasma cortisol had a significant negative correlation with CSF dopamine. These findings suggest that endogenous depression with positive DST could be related not only to a lower norepinephrine level, but also to a lower dopamine level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of dead volume on the efficiency and the cost to deliver medications in cystic fibrosis with four disposable nebulizers.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the factors that affect nebulizer efficiency and to compare the relative cost effectiveness of nebulized medications used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), delivered by four types of disposable jet nebulizers that are widely used in hospitals. DESIGN: The Hudson 1730 Updraft II, Baxter Misty-Neb, Marquest Whisper Jet (WJ), and Marquest Acorn II were evaluated in terms of respirable aerosol output (particles 5 microm or less), nebulizer dead (residual) volume (VD), and time for complete nebulization using saline, salbutamol and tobramycin at flows of 6 and 8 L/min. The respirable fraction (RF) was determined by laser diffraction, and drug output was calculated from the initial volume and concentration of the drug in the nebulizer minus the product of final drug concentration and the VD following nebulization. COST ANALYSIS: The expected pulmonary deposition (DE) was estimated, and incorporated with the material and labour costs to determine the cost effectiveness of each type of nebulizer. RESULTS: With a DE greater than two times that of the WJ at a cost of 2.4 times less, the Updraft II proved most efficient and cost effective of all the nebulizers evaluated in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The cost effectiveness of each nebulizer was determined by its efficiency, which in turn was predominantly related to its VD and RF at each flow. The efficiencies of these four devices were different and could not have been predicted from specifications provided by the respective manufacturers.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epileptic seizures attributed to cerebral hyperperfusion after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of the internal carotid artery.

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome as a complication of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been widely reported in the surgical literature. It may occur within hours to 3 weeks after CEA and is characterized by symptoms ranging from headaches, fits, confusion, focal neurological signs to intracerebral hemorrhage. Although percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting are increasingly performed as an alternative to CEA in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis, few cases of cerebral hyperperfusion injury following carotid stenting have been reported. We describe 2 cases of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome following PTA and stenting for high-grade internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Both cases involved a lesion of 95% in severity. The first case was a 73-year-old man who developed generalized convulsion 7 h following stenting to the left ICA. The second case was an 80-year-old woman who developed recurrent right periorbital headache and confusion 16 h after stenting to the right ICA, followed by left upper limb seizure 14 days later. Both patients fully recovered without any intracerebral hemorrhage or infarction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cerebral hyperperfusion injury after carotid stenting without associated intracranial hemorrhage and with full recovery. In the patient with neurological symptoms following carotid stenting, it is important to consider cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome as a differential diagnosis to embolic or hemorrhagic stroke since early recognition and meticulous control of blood pressure may prevent progression to cerebral hemorrhage and death.

Aged↗