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Biomedical subjects

S L Galetta

Publications and source records attributed to S L Galetta.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Bipolaris-induced orbital cellulitis.

We report a patient who rapidly developed unilateral proptosis and complete ophthalmoplegia following blunt trauma to the orbit. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mass involving the sinuses and orbit with erosion of the cribriform plate. Biopsy of this suspected neoplasm revealed features consistent with allergic Aspergillus sinusitis, but cultures later grew a Bipolaris species. Our review of the literature suggests that when allergic fungal sinusitis involves the orbit, Bipolaris is a more commonly isolated organism than Aspergillus. Additionally, extraocular motility impairment and proptosis occur more frequently than visual loss. Treatment is controversial, but surgical drainage followed by corticosteroids is the most often recommended therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Reactive lymphohistiocytosis with recurrence in the optic chiasm.

Histiocytic infiltration of the optic chiasm is rare. We report a patient with a seizure disorder on anticonvulsant therapy, who developed systemic reactive histiocytosis. Treatment with splenectomy, corticosteroids, and anticonvulsant medication change resulted in clinical remission. The patient later developed recurrent lymphohistiocytosis restricted to the optic chiasm. Extensive re-evaluation yielded no evidence for infectious or malignant etiology. Radiation therapy and withdrawal of anticonvulsant therapy resulted in clinical remission. We conclude that both phenytoin and phenobarbital may trigger a lymphohistiocytic process and that infiltration of the visual pathway is possible.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1991

Ocular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.

Four patients with isolated acute ocular ischemic syndromes also had circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. Two patients had vaso-occlusive retinopathy and two, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (which was successive in one). Extensive clinical laboratory evaluation identified vascular risk factors in two patients. One patient had essential thrombocytosis, confirmed by bone marrow biopsy; the other had stable hypertension and a history of coronary artery disease. These cases suggest that small vessel thrombosis in situ may be a mechanism for antiphospholipid-associated ocular and cerebral ischemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Meningovascular syphilis with a gumma of the midbrain.

We report a patient with meningovascular syphilis who had a dorsal midbrain syndrome, cognitive dysfunction, and a left peripheral seventh nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed a large lesion of the midbrain and thalamus with intense enhancement of the interpeduncular cistern, both of which resolved after treatment with intravenous penicillin. The clinical features, radiographic appearance, and response to therapy suggest that this lesion was a focal syphilitic inflammatory process, or gumma. We conclude that MRI with intravenous contrast may reveal the full spectrum of pathologic involvement in neurosyphilis and, in certain situations, may obviate the need for biopsy of an associated mass lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Orbital ischemia, ophthalmoparesis, and carotid dissection.

We report a patient who developed an acute loss of vision in the left eye associated with proptosis, ophthalmoparesis, conjunctival injection, and chemosis. Funduscopy revealed optic disc swelling, and retinal whitening consistent with an ophthalmic artery occlusion. Angiography disclosed bilateral carotid dissections presumably resulting from head trauma 11 days earlier. An orbital ischemic syndrome may be a delayed manifestation of traumatic carotid dissection and precede cerebral hypoperfusion.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1990

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: management and survival after carotid occlusion.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rare but often fatal fungal infection. We present 2 patients with mucormycosis complicated by internal carotid artery thrombosis. Magnetic resonance imaging was superior to computed tomography in localizing the pathological process. Subtotal resection of devitalized tissue and intravenous amphotericin B therapy resulted in a successful outcome for both patients. Prompt recognition of this disorder by using modern diagnostic and therapeutic modalities promises to improve survival rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Conjugal temporal arteritis.

We report the simultaneous occurrence of biopsy-proven temporal arteritis in husband and wife. Serologic and viral studies were negative, including viral culture of the wife's temporal artery. The concurrent incidence of giant cell arteritis in a married couple would suggest a common exogenous exposure.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Isolated one-and-a-half syndrome with pontine cavernous angioma: successful surgical removal.

We report a patient with a pathologically proven pontine cavernous angioma and a horizontal one and a half syndrome. Following recurrent hemorrhages, the vascular malformation was removed from the dorsal pons using microsurgical techniques with partial resolution of the motility disturbance. This case demonstrates that vascular malformations of the brainstem parenchyma may be removed, thereby precluding further hemorrhage and facilitating the return of neurologic function.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Familial cavernous angiomas manifesting with an acute chiasmal syndrome.

We studied a family in which the proband had an acute chiasmal syndrome secondary to a cavernous angioma of the optic nerve and chiasm. A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan indicated additional asymptomatic intracerebral cavernous angioma, and several of the patient's relatives were found to have various central nervous system vascular malformations. Magnetic resonance imaging may distinguish, noninvasively, symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of cavernous angiomas and further delineate their inheritance patterns. Asymptomatic cavernous angiomas of the central nervous system are best followed without intervention, whereas symptomatic patients should be treated on an individual basis, depending on the location of lesion and the risk of surgical removal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Chronic isolated sixth nerve palsies.

Twenty-seven cases of chronic isolated abduction deficit, seen in 25 years of neuro-ophthalmology consultation, were reviewed. "Isolated" was defined as the lack of any other neurologic or ophthalmologic findings for at least six months. Cases were further subdivided into the categories of true and pseudo-abducens paresis. The origin, diagnosis, and management of long-standing abducens palsies were determined. Cases of pontine glioma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, and meningioma that presented as an isolated abducens palsy and remained undiagnosed for at least six months were reviewed.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1989

Reversible Horner's syndrome and Lyme disease.

Neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease are common, often debilitating, and potentially treatable. We document a case of Borrelia infection of the nervous system manifesting as a reversible Horner's syndrome. The search for Lyme disease should be part of the evaluation of an isolated central or preganglionic Horner's syndrome or any unexplained pupillary abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Brainstem ocular motility defects and AIDS.

Ocular motility manifestations of focal brainstem dysfunction were the initial clinical features in three patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These included conjugate gaze palsy with ipsilateral facial paresis, bilateral abducens palsy and a gaze paresis, and homolateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and abducens nerve paresis. Two patients had focal brainstem lesions as evidenced on neuroimaging. The third showed concurrent infection with Treponema pallidum.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optic nerve enlargement and chronic visual loss.

We present four patients with sarcoidosis of the anterior visual pathways. The first patient presented with unilateral visual loss, a mass lesion at the optic nerve head, and an enlarged orbital optic nerve. The second patient presented with bilateral progressive painless visual loss, associated with optic nerve pallor and visual field loss. In these two patients, optic nerve biopsy was diagnostic of sarcoidosis. The third patient developed optic nerve and chiasmal involvement after sarcoidosis was established by lacrimal gland biopsy. The fourth patient had optic nerve, pulmonary, and lymph node involvement with sarcoidosis. A conjunctival and lung biopsy were diagnostic. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have greatly facilitated diagnosis of sarcoidosis of the anterior visual pathways. Sarcoidosis of the anterior visual pathways may occur alone or in association with other ocular or systemic manifestations. A conjunctival or lacrimal gland biopsy may be preferable as the initial diagnostic approach. Treatment of patients with this condition may require systemic immunosuppression, in addition to corticosteroids, to prevent permanent visual loss.

Adult↗