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Biomedical subjects

S Kusama

Publications and source records attributed to S Kusama.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Tissue distribution of beta-lactam antibiotics, cefotiam and cefmenoxime in the lungs of sheep].

The present study was performed to investigate the distribution of beta-lactam antibiotics, cefotiam (CTM) and cefmenoxime (CMX) in pulmonary tissue of sheep. The animals were prepared to form chronic lung-lymph fistula for the collection of lung lymph. CTM and CMX were administered bolus-intravenously at doses of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively, and serum and lymph levels of each drug were measured by bioassay method. Antibiotic levels of serum or lymph increased to a peak within 15 minutes after injection and then decreased rapidly. Measurable concentrations persisted for 240 minutes after the injection. Ratios of lung lymph to serum concentrations of CTM and CMX within 1 hour after the injection ranged 0.7 to 1.3, and 0.9 to 1.3, respectively. In addition, CMX levels in serum, lung lymph and tissues of both right and left lung were compared in anesthetized sheep to which CMX 50 mg/kg was given. Ratios of lung lymph and tissue concentrations of CMX in right and left lung to serum concentration were 0.76, 0.14 and 0.13, respectively. These results indicate that CTM and CMX were well distributed in interstitial fluid (lung lymph), and the levels of CMX in tissues of both right and left lung were markedly lower than those of lung lymph.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The correlation between the reduction rate of tumor and the survival time of patients as an effect of chemotherapy].

The correlation between reduction rate of tumor by anti-cancer chemotherapy and survival time of patients was studied in 17 cases with liver metastases from 12 stomach cancers and 5 colonic cancers. The survival time ranged from 4 to 15 months (mean 8.4 +/- 4.3 months) in 5 cases with CR or PR, from 6 to 15 months (mean 9.8 +/- 4.1 months) in 4 cases with NC, from 2 to 12 months (mean 8.0 +/- 3.7 months) in 8 cases with PD. There was no correlation between reduction rate of tumor and survival time of patients. The tumor marker doubling times, both before and after chemotherapy, were studied in 5 cases. The difference of doubling time between before and after chemotherapy was not significant. These results suggest that individual doubling time plays an important role in survival time as an effect of chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Early identification of amyloid heart disease by technetium-99m-pyrophosphate scintigraphy: a study with familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

To determine whether technetium-99m-pyrophosphate (Tc-99m-PYP) scanning or two-dimensional echocardiography can detect amyloid heart disease in an earlier stage of familial amyloid polyneuropathy, 15 patients were examined. Although 10 of the 15 patients had no clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, as well as normal ventricular wall thickness and normal values for left ventricular systolic function, five (50%) of them showed mild or moderate myocardial uptake. On the other hand, none had characteristic highly refractile myocardial echoes on the two-dimensional echocardiographic images (p less than 0.01), and values for diastolic function were reduced in four of the five and normal in the remaining one. In 85 control subjects, diffuse positive pyrophosphate scans of the heart were found in four (5%) of them (three with dilated cardiomyopathy and one with sarcoidosis), and highly refractile granular sparkling echoes were observed in nine (11%) (five with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, three with aortic stenosis, and one with hypereosinophilic syndrome). We conclude that Tc-99m-PYP scanning is a more sensitive and specific method and may have the potential ability to detect amyloid heart disease in the earlier stage of familial amyloid polyneuropathy than two-dimensional echocardiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium channel blocker on normoxic and hypoxic pulmonary vascular tone in unanesthetized sheep.

We evaluated the effects of captopril and nifedipine on normoxic and hypoxic pulmonary vascular tone in unanesthetized sheep. Infusion of captopril (10 micrograms/kg/min) in normoxia revealed a tendency to increase the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) following the systemic vasodilation. A statistically significant increase was reached by 20 minutes. Hypoxia of 10% oxygen in nitrogen produced a prominent pulmonary hypertensive response. Captopril significantly decreased the hypoxic values of Ppa and PVR from 20.3 +/- 1.3 to 17.1 +/- 1.1 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and from 4.31 +/- 0.45 to 3.49 +/- 0.45 mmHg/L/min (p less than 0.01), respectively. Infusion of nifedipine (10 micrograms/kg/min) in normoxia caused an increase in Ppa from 15.5 +/- 0.9 to 18.9 +/- 1.0 mmHg (p less than 0.01), but not in PVR. This elevation in Ppa was considered to be derived from the significant increase in the cardiac output. Nifedipine significantly decreased the hypoxic values of Ppa and PVR from 21.3 +/- 1.5 to 19.3 +/- 1.5 mmHg (p less than 0.05) and from 3.88 +/- 0.30 to 27.3 +/- 0.13 mmHg/L/min (p less than 0.01), respectively. Captopril and nifedipine produced systemic hypotensive responses during both normoxic and hypoxic ventilation. It is concluded that both captopril and nifedipine are potent pulmonary vasodilating drugs in animal subjects with a hypoxic condition and that they might be useful in the clinical vasodilator therapy of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in man.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1987

NK cells in carcinomatous and tuberculous pleurisy. Phenotypic and functional analyses of NK cells in peripheral blood and pleural effusions.

To compare local immunity with that in peripheral blood, we examined 14 patients with carcinomatous pleurisy and 22 patients with tuberculous pleurisy by phenotypic and functional analyses of NK cells. We calculated the proportions of NK cells by means of anti-Leu 7 and anti-Leu 11 mAbs and the rates of NK cell activity by means of K 562. The percentages of Leu 7+ and Leu 11+ cells in both carcinomatous and tuberculous pleural effusions were lower than those in peripheral blood; however, there was no difference between carcinomatous and tuberculous pleural effusions in the proportions of Leu 11+ cells. The NK cell activity in tuberculous pleural effusions was the same as that in peripheral blood, while in carcinomatous pleural effusions, NK cell activity was lower than in peripheral blood; however, NK cell activity was much higher in tuberculous than in carcinomatous pleural effusions. Our study offers some pathophysiologic insight into the responses of NK cells to cancer and to tuberculosis in relation to peripheral blood and pleural effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clinical features of patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema in Japan.

Clinical studies were performed in 27 consecutive patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema who were transported from the mountains to Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan. The altitude of onset was 2,680 m to 3,190 m above sea level. Symptoms included marked dyspnea, cough, and stridor. Physical findings included cyanosis, tachycardia, and rales. Neurologic disturbances, which were seen in 17 patients, included headache, vomiting, memory disturbance, clouding of consciousness, or coma. Chest roentgenograms revealed patchy infiltrates throughout the pulmonary fields, often in an asymmetric pattern, and enlargement of the right ventricle. Hemodynamic studies by right cardiac catheterization showed that high-altitude pulmonary edema was noncardiogenic. Scintiscans of the lungs with technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) performed in one patient showed decreased perfusion of 99mTc-MAA in the area of infiltrates. Pulmonary edema fluid collected through the endotracheal tube in two patients was rich in protein. Computerized tomograms of the brain showed small ventricles and cisterns, disappearance of sulci, and diffuse low density of the cerebrum, indicating cerebral edema in eight of nine cases. Retinal hemorrhage and papilledema were observed in five patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

An infiltrative right ventricular myxoma.

Computed tomographic findings in a 71-year-old patient with an infiltrative right ventricular myxoma are described. The findings included multiple lesions in the right ventricle and stenosis of the trunk of the pulmonary artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effects of ONO-6240, a platelet-activating factor antagonist, on endotoxin shock in unanesthetized sheep.

To determine the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in endotoxin shock, we studied the effects of ONO-6240, a PAF antagonist, on endotoxin shock in unanesthetized sheep. Changes in hemodynamics, lung lymph balance, leukocyte and platelet counts, and arterial blood gas tensions were measured in four groups; endotoxin alone; endotoxin plus ONO-6240; ONO-6240 alone; vehicle control. Pretreatment with ONO-6240 in sheep given endotoxin significantly prevented the decreases in systemic arterial pressure, left atrial pressure and cardiac output observed in sheep given endotoxin alone. A partial effect on diminishing the magnitude of peripheral leukopenia was also noted. However, pretreatment with ONO-6240 had little effect on pulmonary hypertension and lung lymph balance. We conclude that endotoxin causes two different effects: vascular collapse and direct lung injury; and that PAF is involved only in the circulatory manifestations.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Phenotypic and functional study of natural killer cells in tuberculous pleurisy patients.

The phenotypic and functional characteristics of the cells that mediate "natural killer" (NK) cytolysis were examined by using anti-Leu 7 monoclonal antibody specific for NK cell in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMC) and pleural effusion mononuclear cells (PEMNC) from the tuberculous pleurisy patients. The proportion of Leu 7+ cells in PEMNC was observed significantly lower than in PMC, whether the patients were treated or not. Before treatment NK cell activity, precisely cytotoxicity against K 562, in PEMNC was apparently higher than in PMC. There was little relationship between proportion of leu 7+ cells and NK cell activity. Further, the mechanism of high NK cell activity in PEMNC was analysed by coculture with a healthy control's PMC and a tuberculous pleural effusion. The NK cell activity of Leu 7+ cells was augmented by low molecular soluble factor(s).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Chronology of recurrent gastric cancer].

The growth rate of 49 cases with recurrent gastric cancer was investigated with two tumor markers (AFP & CEA). The average doubling time of liver metastases (24.7 +/- 11.9 days) in 18 cases was significantly shorter from that of lymph node metastases (41.1 +/- 22.4 days) in 13 cases and of peritonitis carcinomatosa (42.2 +/- 19.6 days) in 18 cases. Latent period of recurrent cancer calculated by these doubling times was ranged from 1.0 to 3.5 years (mean 1.7 years) in liver metastases, from 1.0 to 5.0 years (mean 2.7 years) in lymph nodes metastases and from 1.5 to 6.0 years (mean 2.7 years) in peritonitis carcinomatosa. Only in liver metastases, positive correlation between the doubling time (X) and the duration of survival (Y) was observed by expressing the formula Y = 0.45 X-0.58 (R = 0.661, p less than 0.05). It is noteworthy that there is a significant correlation in spite of large differences in background subjects (systemic condition, size of metastatic lesion, etc.) and the growth rate of tumor is considered to play a very important role for determining the degree of biological malignancy of individual cancer patients in relation to survival.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗