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Biomedical subjects

S Kuroki

Publications and source records attributed to S Kuroki.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Studies on the efficacy and safety of biapenem (L-627) against infections in pediatrics].

The efficacy and the safety of biapenem (L-627), a new carbapenem antibiotic, against infections in pediatrics were studied. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. L-627 at dose levels of 5.4 mg/kg to 12.4 mg/kg (daily doses of 16.2 mg/kg to 37.2 mg/kg) was administered by intravenous drip infusion 3 times daily for 5 to 7 days to 2 cases of pneumonia, 3 cases of skin and soft-tissue infections and 1 case of urinary tract infection for a total of 6 cases. As results, all the cases showed good or better responses including 4 excellent and 2 good results. Bacteriological efficacies in all of the 3 eligible cases were assessed as "eradicated". 2. As for the safety, a decrease in the WBC count and slight elevation of GOT and GPT were observed in 1 case as abnormal changes in the laboratory tests results, only incidence of side effect observed was the eruption in 1 case. 3. The results above indicate that L-627 is useful for the treatment of general infections in pediatrics.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1994

[Transferability of biapenem (L-627) to cerebrospinal fluid in rabbits with meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

The transferability of biapenem (L-627) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied employing rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The mean plasma concentration was 192 +/- 12.8 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after intravenous administration of the drug at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. The mean concentration in CSF was maximum at 45 minutes after administration at 11.4 +/- 2.19 micrograms/ml. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from these values were as follows, Cmax (CSF/plasma): 5.96%; AUC (CSF/plasma): 8.15% between 15 and 60 minutes, 12.1% between 15 and 120 minutes and 15.0% between 15 and 180 minutes; T1/2 for L-627 in CSF: 152 minutes; T1/2 (CSF/plasma): 3.34. In comparison with those of other beta-lactam antibiotics that were obtained in the same way, the transferability of L-627 was intermediate, and in consideration of the antimicrobial potency against the main pathogens of meningitis, it appears worthwhile of running clinical trials for this drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Campylobacter jejuni strains from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome belong mostly to Penner serogroup 19 and contain beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues.

Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from stool cultures from 14 (30%) of 46 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome and from 6 (1.2%) of 503 healthy persons, and the difference was highly significant (p < 0.0001). In addition, serological evidence of recent C. jejuni infection was found in 5 of 29 patients with negative stool cultures. Therefore, 41% of patients were associated with C. jejuni infection. Ten of 12 (83%) isolates from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome belonged to Penner serogroup 19, which is a rare serogroup in sporadic patients with C. jejuni enteritis. In the lectin typing study, all serogroup 19 strains from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome were shown to contain terminal beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues on their cell surface, but serogroup 19 strains from patients with enteritis were not.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1993

Cholesterol crystal appearance time of gallbladder bile in middle-aged women.

The aim of our study was to examine the hypothesis that the cholesterol nucleation time of gallbladder bile might be rapid in women in their fourth and fifth decades, which increases their risk of cholesterol gallstones. Fifty-four gallbladder bile samples were collected from gallstone-free patients and patients with cholesterol gallstones in a functioning gallbladder. We examined the relations of nucleation time to age and sex in each group. The nucleation time of gallbladder bile tended to be prolonged with age, but there was no correlation between nucleation time and age in each group. Cholesterol nucleation time was not significantly different between age-matched females and males in each group, nor was it faster in middle-aged females than in older females. Thus, nucleation time was not rapid in middle-aged females even in the gallstone-free group. These results indicate that cholesterol nucleation time is not significantly influenced by either sex or age, and cannot therefore account for the higher frequency of cholesterol gallstone disease in females in the fourth and fifth decades.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Effect of experimental hypochlorhydria on the histological differentiation of adenocarcinomas in the canine stomach.

Hypochlorhydria is considered to be a risk factor for gastric cancer, both clinically and experimentally. In humans, the hypo-acidic condition appears to be closely associated with the development of differentiated-type gastric carcinomas. We investigated relationships between antral pH and histological types of gastric cancer using an animal model. A total of 7.65 g of N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) was orally administered to male beagle dogs. Subsequently, the dogs were divided into four groups and underwent four surgical interventions designed to create various conditions in the antrum. Antral pH was recorded at the time of killing after an observation period ranging from 16 to 33 months. The number of gastrin-secreting cells (G-cells) was counted after immunohistochemical staining. Carcinomas were found in the antrum of 12 of the 21 dogs that had survived. Although limited doses of ENNG, such as those used in this study, have been reported to produce only undifferentiated adenocarcinomas, differentiated adenocarcinomas were found in seven of these 12 dogs. Antral pH and the number of G-cells were significantly higher in these seven dogs than in the other five dogs, which had developed only undifferentiated adenocarcinomas. Bile inflow showed no significant effect on the development of differentiated adenocarcinomas. Neither atrophic gastritis nor intestinal metaplasia was seen in any of the dogs. These results suggest that the hypo-acidic condition itself may play a role in the development of differentiated adenocarcinomas.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1993

Immunological aspects in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

In order to elucidate the immunological aspects of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we studied lymphocyte subpopulations, immunoglobulin levels, and natural killer (NK) cell activity in 21 patients serially after admission within 24 h of AMI onset. The percent T cells, T cell count, and percent CD4-positive cells were significantly decreased on the 1st hospital day, compared to days 7 and 28. The CD4/CD8 ratio on the 1st day was also significantly lower than on day 7, and was significantly lower than that of normal subjects. Natural killer (NK) cell activity and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels showed substantial decreases each test day, compared with those in normal subjects. However, there were no significant serial changes in the percent B cells, the B cell count, or in the serum IgG, IgA, or IgM levels. Thus, not only T cell function, but also immunoglobulin levels and NK cell activity were depressed in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. Therefore, active measures should be taken to prevent infection in the acute stage of myocardial infarction in which invasive procedures such as insertion of indwelling catheters are often necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical studies of S-1108 granules in the pediatric field].

We studied the clinical use of S-1108 granules in the pediatric field. The results are summarized as follows. 1. S-1108 was administered orally at doses ranging 6.85 and 17.6 mg/kg/day t.i.d. to 9 patients, including 5 cases of pharyngitis and 1 case each of lacunar tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and urinary tract infection. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 4 cases and good in 5 cases, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 2. Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae (2 strains each) and Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis (1 strain each) were identified in these cases. Seven of the 8 strains were eliminated upon treatment and the other strain was decreased, hence an eradication rate of 87.5% was obtained. 3. Side effects observed were 1 case each of soft stools and diarrhea. As an abnormal laboratory test result, an increase in GPT level was observed. 4. No refusal of the drug occurred. 5. From the above results, we consider that this drug would be a useful new oral antibiotic for the pediatric field.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[A case of spontaneous pneumothorax due to rupture of bleb infected with aspergillosis].

A 17-year-old male was diagnosed as having left spontaneous pneumothorax by chest X-ray. Chest CT scan showed a cystic shadow with a thick wall in the left apex. Thoracotomy was performed, and the bleb was resected. Histologically, aspergillus was found in the cavity and the wall of the resected bleb. In this case, we consider that focal aspergillus infection in the bleb caused spontaneous pneumothorax. In cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in which the bleb wall is thick, the bleb should be evaluated by histological and bacteriological examination. Such a case has been rarely reported in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Ischemic stroke in childhood].

We have encountered 38 cases of juvenile ischemic strokes during the past 10 years, which included 16 cases of moyamoya disease and 22 cases of non-moyamoya strokes. The etiology could not be determined in most non-moyamoya strokes, except in 4 cases of cardiogenic embolism and 1 case of post-meningitic stroke. We further examined 13 cases of idiopathic strokes, which showed clinical symptoms of so-called acute infantile hemiplegia. Nine out of 13 patients developed strokes between 6 months and 2 years of age. Strong male preponderance was noted, since 11 out of 13 patients were boys. CT scan showed basal ganglionic infarction in the territory of the perforating branches of the middle cerebral artery in 12 patients. Recurrence of ischemic events occurred in none of the patients during the mean follow-up period of 48.4 months. Functional recovery was also good, since no neurological sequelae were found in 5 patients, and the other 8 disabled children were able to go to school without help and none of the children were mentally retarded. These results and a review of the literature suggest the importance of traumatic mechanisms in the etiology and pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic ischemic strokes of the acute infantile hemiplegic type.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Transferability of vancomycin to cerebrospinal fluid in rabbits with meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

The transferability of vancomycin (VCM) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied employing rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. VCM was administered intravenously for 30 minutes at a dose level of 30 mg/kg. Serum concentration reached a maximum of 75 +/- 3.80 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.E.) at the completion of administration (i.e., 30 minutes) and CSF concentration reached a maximum of 2.4 +/- 0.39 micrograms/ml at 60 minutes. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from this concentration-time curve were as follows: Cmax (CSF/Serum) 3.21%, AUC (CSF/Serum) 2.39% between 15 and 60 minutes, 3.99% between 15 and 120 minutes, and 4.40% between 15 and 150 minutes. T 1/2 for VCM in CSF: 143 minutes, T1/2 (CSF/Serum):2.09. Based on this investigation, VCM appears to be effective in the treatment of meningitis caused by MRSA (Methicillin-resistant S. aureus).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma of the chest wall].

A 22-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of high fever, dyspnea and wheeze. Chest X-ray film and CT scan showed a huge mass lesion in the right chest. Histological findings of specimens obtained by both needle biopsy and surgery showed necrotic tissue. She died of rapidly progressive pulmonary metastasis three months after surgery, and at autopsy, the tumor was diagnosed as extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma originating from the chest wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Late development of cholangiocarcinoma after the treatment of hepatolithiasis.

Although the association of cholangiocarcinoma with intrahepatic calculi (hepatolithiasis) is well recognized, the late development of cholangiocarcinoma after the treatment of hepatolithiasis has not been reported in detail. Of 109 consecutive patients with hepatolithiasis treated during 19 years, eight patients had cholangiocarcinoma, seven of whom had cholangiocarcinoma two to 14 years, with a mean of eight years, after the treatment of hepatolithiasis. Absence of cholangiocarcinoma was confirmed when stones were removed at the time of the initial treatment. The mean age was 56 years, with a female to male ratio of 2:5. At the time of detecting cholangiocarcinoma, three patients had no gallstones and four had gallstones at the corresponding site to the carcinoma. Cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was often observed on the direct cholangiogram. The biles were all infected mainly with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. Thus, bile stasis and bacteria infection seems to be the important causative factor, causing cholangiocarcinoma rather than the calculi itself. Because the symptoms only mimic those of cholangitis, the possible presence of cholangiocarcinoma should be considered even after the treatment of hepatolithiasis for early detection and curative resection.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1992

Metabolism of intravenously administered 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol-3 beta-stearate in the hamster.

In order to investigate the metabolic fate of serum esterified 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol, [4-14C]7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol-3 beta-stearate was synthesized from labeled cholesterol and administered to bile fistula hamsters intravenously. Bile samples were collected at every 20 min for 7 h. Radioactivity was detected in bile 40 min after the beginning of the infusion of the labeled compound and 56.5 +/- 5.7% (48.7-66.0%) of the administered radioactivity was recovered in bile during 7 h. The liver contained appreciable radioactivity (19.5 +/- 7.6% of the administered dose) at the time of sacrifice. Only a trace amount of radioactivity was detected in urine and blood. Cumulative recovery of the radioactivity was 76.3 +/- 8.6% (63.3-90.4%). Major radioactive metabolites in the bile samples were identified to be taurine- and glycine-conjugated cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid by radioactive thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the bile samples before and after enzymatic hydrolysis and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase treatment. The conversion was nearly complete and we could not detect neutral metabolites, such as the mother compound, free 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol and bile alcohols, as well as glucuronidated or sulfated bile acids. It is concluded that serum esterified 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol could be effectively taken up by the liver, hydrolyzed by cholesterol esterase and metabolized via the normal biosynthetic pathway to taurine- or glycine-conjugated primary bile acids to be excreted into bile.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Endosulfine, an endogenous peptidic ligand for the sulfonylurea receptor: purification and partial characterization from ovine brain.

Antidiabetic sulfonylureas act through receptors coupled to ATP-dependent potassium channels. Using the binding of [3H]glibenclamide, a highly potent sulfonylurea, to rat brain membranes to follow the purification procedure, we extracted from ovine brain, purified, and partially characterized two peptides that are endogenous ligands for the central nervous system sulfonylurea receptors. These peptides, referred to as alpha and beta endosulfine, differ by their isoelectric points, the beta form being more basic. Each form of endosulfine is recognized equally by the sulfonylurea receptors from the central nervous system and from insulin-secreting beta cells. In the same concentration range that is active on the receptors, beta endosulfine releases insulin from a beta-cell line. Endosulfine is a good candidate for being implicated in the physiology of beta cells and their disorders (e.g., type II diabetes) and in certain pathologies related to modifications of ion fluxes.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMed1992

Clinical variation within sibships in Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy.

A family in which three siblings were affected with severe cerebral malformations in association with ocular anomalies and muscle disease is reported. One sibling was diagnosed as having Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) because he showed severe hypotonia with dystrophic findings on a muscle biopsy in addition to pachygyria on CT. At the age of 3 years, retinal detachment developed in both eyes. Another sibling exhibited at birth such characteristic features as pachygyria, cephalocele, hydrocephalus, retinal detachment in both eyes, elevated serum creatine kinase activity and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. We consider these findings to be more consistent with Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) than with FCMD. Anencephaly found in the third sibling was regarded as WWS with extreme brain abnormality. The appearance of two syndromes (FCMD and WWS) in the three members of the same family suggests that these syndromes could be allelic with variable phenotypes.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

Right atrial myxoma presenting with recurrent episodes of pulmonary embolism.

We observed a right atrial myxoma presenting with recurrent episodes of pulmonary embolism, the diagnosis of which was made approximately 2 years after the initial symptoms appeared. We emphasize the importance of prompt recognition and subsequent surgical treatment of cardiac myxoma because embolism by tumor fragments is a potentially fatal complication of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Increased interleukin-6 activity in cardiac myxoma with mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

We report a case of cardiac myxoma with mediastinal lymphadenopathy which seems to be a very rare feature. Laboratory examination revealed high level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity in serum. Interestingly, after removal of cardiac myxoma, mediastinal lymphadenopathy disappeared on the chest CT and the level of serum IL-6 was decreased. These findings suggest that IL-6 which was probably derived from myxoma, may have played an important role in the development of lymphadenopathy.

Female↗