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Biomedical subjects

S Kuroda

Publications and source records attributed to S Kuroda.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[An autopsy case of multiple system atrophy with many Lewy bodies--striatonigral degeneration, olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy and autonomic nerve nucleus involvement in the spinal cord].

A 72 years old man developed slowness of the motion and orthostatic hypotension at the age of 69. Neurological examination showed slight finger tremor, rigidity of extremities, bradykinesia, and marked orthostatic hypotension. The illness progressed steadily and the patient died of pneumonia. At autopsy brain weighed 1220 g. Grossly the putamen was bilaterally shrunken, the color of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus became pale. Base of the pons and the cerebellum were atrophic. Microscopically the most remarkable change was seen in the striato-nigral system. In the putamen, there were severe loss of small neurons and intense gliosis and brownish pigments were observed in the neuropil and within some of the astrocytes. There found neuronal loss and gliosis in the substantia nigra. A few Lewy bodies were seen in the substantia nigra. In the cerebellum there were slight loss of Purkinje cell and many torpedos were seen. There were demyelination and fibrirally gliosis in the cerebellar white matter except the hilus of dentate nucleus. The transverse pontocerebellar fibers were degenerated and fibrirally gliosis was seen there. The inferior olivary nuclei showed neuronal loss and astrocytosis. But the degeneration of the olivo-ponto-cerebellar system in this case was not so severe as the typical case of OPCA. In the spinal cord there was depletion of nerve cells in the intermediolateral nuclei and Onufrowitz nuclei. Slight neuronal loss and many spheroids were observed in the anterior horns and there was demyelination in the corticospinal tracts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Changes in heated and in laser-irradiated human tooth enamel and their probable effects on solubility.

Enamel of intact human teeth laser irradiated in vitro under certain conditions is known to have less subsurface demineralization than unirradiated enamel on exposure to acid; consequently, the potential use of laser irradiance to reduce caries is apparent. The laser-induced physical and/or chemical changes that cause this reduced subsurface demineralization are not known. A laser-irradiated tooth enamel surface will have a temperature gradient that decreases towards the dentin junction. Dependent on irradiant conditions, the temperature may range from greater than 1400 degrees C at the surface to near normal at the dentin-pulp junction. Along this steep temperature gradient, different compositional, structural, and phase changes in the tooth enamel are to be expected. Identification of changes occurring along this gradient has bearing on understanding the dissolution reduction mechanism and, in turn, optimizing its effect. Changes in laser-irradiated material from the highest temperature region have been characterized, but those occurring in sequential layers of decreasing temperatures have not. Since the laser-induced changes are expected to primarily arise from localized heating, previously reported thermally induced changes in tooth enamel on heating in conventional furnaces were utilized to infer corollary changes along the gradient in laser-irradiated tooth enamel. These thermally inferred changes which resulted in modifications in the tooth enamel apatite and/or newly formed phases were correlated with their probable effects on altering solubility. A temperature gradient range from 100-1600 degrees C was considered with subdivisions as follows: I, 100-650 degrees C; II, 650-1100 degrees C; and III, greater than 1100 degrees C. Two of the products formed in range III, alpha-Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca4(PO4)2O, and also identified in the fused-melted material from laser-irradiated tooth enamel, are expected to markedly increase solubility in those regions that contain considerable amounts of these compounds. Products and changes occurring in range II, separate phases of alpha- and/or beta-Ca3(PO4)2 and a modified phase of apatite, may increase or decrease the solubility depending on the Ca/P ratio and the resultant amounts of alpha-, beta-Ca3(PO4)2 formed. Modifications in tooth enamel apatite effected in range I are expected to decrease its solubility; the formation of pyrophosphate in this range may have a substantial effect on reducing the solubility rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed1986

Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the cDNA coding for rabbit tumor necrosis factor.

cDNA clones containing the entire sequence of the precursor of rabbit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were identified from a cDNA library prepared using poly(A)+RNA of lipopolysaccharide-induced rabbit alveolar cells. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides based on the amino acid sequence of rabbit TNF were selected by RNA blot hybridization and used as probes to screen this library. The DNA sequence and the amino acid sequence deduced from it showed very high homology to the reported DNA and amino acid sequences of human TNF. A plasmid containing the tac promoter and cDNA sequence coding for the 154-amino-acid sequence of mature rabbit TNF protein was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The polypeptide produced had the characteristics of purified rabbit serum TNF and caused a necrotic response in a transplanted syngeneic tumor in mice.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Ulnar collateral ligament tears of the elbow joint.

The functions of the elbow in 13 cases of ulnar collateral ligament (U.C.L.) tears without gross intraarticular complications were retrospectively evaluated. Ten cases had been surgically repaired, and the remaining three cases were treated conservatively. Follow-up examinations were performed on all of the patients. There was a significant difference in valgus instability between operatively treated patients and conservatively treated patients (operatively treated patients averaged 5.1 degrees, while conservatively treated patients averaged 8 degrees). Two cases of conservatively treated patients complained of elbow joint pain while playing sports or working. Conversely, one of the operatively treated patients complained of numbness in the fifth finger. However, the remaining cases had no symptoms, even while playing sports or working. Valgus instability of the elbow joint results in little inconvenience in daily life, but it is disabling in patients performing heavy labor or vigorous sports.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[An autopsy case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia and neck extension].

A 58-year-old man recognized hoarseness and dysarthria followed by weakness of the left upper extremity. Examination five months later disclosed dementia which was manifested dominantly by changes in personality and behavior, but also by symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. He became progressively weak, and his neck became rigid and extended for two months. He expired due to respiratory failure at the age of 60. At autopsy, the brain weighed 1120 g with atrophy of the temporal lobes. Microscopic examination revealed marked diminution of Betz cells with astrocytic proliferation in the motor cortex. There was a mild, localized spongy state in the upper layer in the frontal and temporal cortices. There were very few neurofibrillary changes and senile plaques, and no Pick's argentophilic bodies. Fibrillary gliosis was found in the white matter of the temporal lobes, external segment of the globus pallidus and the amygdaloid nucleus. The substantia nigra showed depletion of pigmented cells, free melanin pigment and reactive astrocytosis. A diminished number of motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord accompanied astrocytic gliosis, while the remaining cell contained many Bunina bodies. The pyramidal tracts showed mild degeneration bilaterally below the pyramis in the medulla. There are a number of cases in the literature whose pictures consist of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia and/or extrapyramidal symptoms. This case is identical to those cases. But in this case, the clinical and pathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are more dominant than in other cases.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1985

Pulmonary aspergillosis in apparently healthy young rabbits.

Pulmonary aspergillosis was discovered in apparently healthy young rabbits. Thirty-five rabbits of various ages raised in the same rabbitry were examined by histological, ultrastructural and microbiological methods. The pulmonary lesions were found only in rabbits younger than five weeks old. These lesions contained characteristically shaped hyphae surrounded by eosinophilic radiating projections--"asteroid bodies." The significance of the disease condition and the structure of the "asteroid bodies" is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Familial spastic paraplegia with epilepsy.

We report a family whose members have familial spastic paraplegia (FSP) associated with epilepsy. A man and his sister initially had primary generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures, but they have had no seizures for years. However, they developed spastic paresis of the lower extremities and presently show features of FSP. Their mother seemed to have suffered from FSP. One son of the female patient has epilepsy. The clinical picture of this family suggests a close relationship between FSP and epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A new effect of ionizing irradiation: anisotropic expansion of a peptide crystal.

Expansion of crystals resulting from X irradiation was studied in the case of a peptide, N-acetyl-D, L-alanine. This expansion was discovered by examining several irradiated organic solids for possible expansion, which was suggested by the recent observation of crystal imperfections in another peptide. The expansion, which occurred anisotropically along the c axis, was found to depend on dose, the maximum being as large as 20% when assisted by heat treatment.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1984

Compositional, structural, and phase changes in in vitro laser-irradiated human tooth enamel.

Tooth enamel laser irradiated under certain conditions previously has been shown to have reduced subsurface demineralization rates. Identification of these laser-induced changes has bearing on understanding the dissolution rate reduction mechanism; some of these changes, ones that occur in high temperature regions, were studied in this report. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy were used to identify changes in enamel of extracted intact human teeth subjected to high energy density (approximately 10,000 J/cm2) 10.6 microns wavelength carbon dioxide laser irradiance. The laser irradiance melted the enamel apatite; this solidified melt was composed of minor phases of alpha-tricalcium phosphate, alpha-Ca3 (PO4)2, and tetracalcium phosphate, Ca4(PO4)2O, and a major phase of modified apatite. The apatite modifications, as compared with the original were (1) reductions in contents of water, protein, carbonate, and chloride (or chloride rearrangement); (2) essentially no change in apatite hydroxide content; (3) possible incorporation of oxide replacing some hydroxide ions; and (4) an uptake of traces of carbon dioxide and cyanate. An infrared band at 434 cm-1 that appears in spectra of hydroxyapatite partially dehydroxylated by thermal treatment was assigned to oxide translation. This band was utilized to search for oxide formation in the laser-irradiated tooth enamel.

Apatites↗
PubMed1984

[Intraarterial Adriamycin for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver carcinoma].

Six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 9 patients with metastatic liver carcinoma (MLC) (4 with stomach cancer, 4 with pancreas cancer and 1 with colon cancer) were treated with rapid hepatic artery infusion of adriamycin. Partial response was obtained in 3 patients (44%) with HCC and 2 patients (22%) with MLC. The median survival time was 6 months in HCC patients and 8 months in MLC patients. Patients with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase or those with ascites were poorly prognostic. Myelosuppressive toxicity was seen frequently, but, no life-threatening complications occurred. Other toxicities were generally mild and well tolerated. These results indicated that hepatic artery infusion of adriamycin is a useful treatment modality in the management of both HCC and MLC.

Adult↗