Biomedical subjects

S Kuroda

Publications and source records attributed to S Kuroda.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

[A case of encephalitis with MRI abnormalities localized in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus].

We report a patient with encephalitis who showed anterograde and retrograde amnesia with MRI abnormalities localized in the bilateral amygdala (AM) and hippocampus (HIPP). A 25-year-old man suddenly experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS). He was admitted because of increasing lethargy with two further GTCSs during the following 6 days. The patient had high fever, and neurological examination revealed somnolence, disorientation, amnesia, and nuchal stiffness. MRI revealed bilateral symmetrical abnormalities localized in the AM and HIPP, which showed low intensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2-weighted images. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed a mildly elevated cell count. We suspected herpes simplex virus type I encephalitis and began treatment with acyclovir. After the patient regained a clear consciousness, his antero- and retrograde amnesia continued for several months. The MRI abnormality became less distinct with the improvement of amnesia. We consider that the MRI abnormality was indicative of inflammation and edema, and that the lesion in the AM and HIPP had induced the amnesia.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1992

[Cerebral blood flow reactivity to hyperventilation in children with spontaneous occlusion of the circle of willis (moyamoya disease)].

To elucidate the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) after hyperventilation (HV) and the rebuild-up phenomenon on the encephaloelectrogram (EEG) in children with moyamoya disease, comparative study of CBF immediately after HV and CBF after administration of acetazolamide (Diamox) was examined. CBF was measured by means of single photon emission CT (SPECT) using the 133Xe inhalation method. The subjects were 11 children (21 hemispheres) with moyamoya disease who were divided into two groups as follows, 1) Bypass group; who underwent STA-MCA anastomosis with other synangiosis. 2) Non-Bypass group; who underwent only some synangiosis such as EDAS, EMAS, EMS. The summary of the results is shown below. Regional CBF (rCBF) after HV of the frontal lobes in the Non-Bypass group had an evident tendency to show low perfusion compared with CBF in other regions. The correlation between low perfusion area after HV, and areas where the increase of rCBF is less after administration of acetazolamide became clear. The strongest relation was observed between low perfusion after HV and re-build-up phenomenon on EEG. On the other hand, rCBF after HV of the frontal lobes in the Bypass group had, compared with other regions, no tendency to show low perfusion. From this study and our previous reports, it is assumed that there is some hemodynamic insufficiency in the frontal lobes of the Non-Bypass group. The reason why the reduction of rCBF was less after HV especially in the frontal lobes of the Bypass group is still unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetazolamide↗

PubMed1991

Induction of protection level of anti-pre-S2 antibodies in humans immunized with a novel hepatitis B vaccine consisting of M (pre-S2 + S) protein particles (a third generation vaccine).

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-pre-S2 antibodies was developed by the use of both recombinant yeast-derived S and M (pre-S2 + S) protein particles as antigens. By this ELISA was determined the amount of both human and chimpanzee anti-pre-S2 antibodies produced by a new type of yeast-derived hepatitis B (HB) vaccine (TGP-943, subtype adr), which consists of modified M protein particles. In seven randomly selected human individuals who were vaccinated intramuscularly with 10 micrograms (as a protein) TGP-943 three times (0, 4th and 24th week), a detectable level of anti-pre-S2 antibodies was found to be rapidly elicited at 4th or 8th week after the first vaccination. The protective level of anti-pre-S2 antibodies in humans was tentatively assessed by comparing the anti-pre-S2 antibody titres in the vaccinated human individuals with that in chimpanzees which produced only anti-pre-S2 antibodies to tolerate well against the challenge by 1000 chimpanzee infectious units of HBV (subtype ayw). From this assessment, it was speculated that all human individuals tested had already acquired the protective level of anti-pre-S2 antibodies at 4th or 8th week after the first vaccination with TGP-943.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Different rates of acceptance of health examination among the people under 2 separate health insurance programs in Japan.

The entire population in Japan is covered by either workplace-based health insurance program or region-based health insurance program. While both programs were originally for curative medical care, only the former program has recently extended its financial support to preventive health examination. The attitude of the people toward health examination was studied in Miyagi prefecture in north-east Japan by questionnaires with more than 32,000 respondents to examine whether the difference in health insurance reflect on the rates of acceptance of 4 health examination items (i.e., blood pressure measurement, chest x-ray taking, and 2 screening tests for stomach and cervical cancer). Throughout the 4 items, the rate of acceptance was higher among those who were covered by workplace-based health insurance than among those covered by regional health insurance. The difference is large for the insured and less so for the family dependents of the insured. Further analysis for the preferred opportunities for health examination such as personal examination at clinics in contrast to region-based mass examination showed that the weight of clinics was quite large for the insured of national health insurance and their family dependents (i.e., 50% or even larger) but it was less so for the people covered by workplace-based insurance.

Blood Pressure Determination↗

PubMed1991

An autopsy case of spinal arteriovenous malformation (Foix-Alajouanine syndrome).

An autopsy case of spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was reported. The patient was a 75-year-old male and his initial neurologic symptoms were paraplegia, paresthesia below the umbilical level and urination difficulty. Subsequently night delirium and parkinsonism also appeared. The clinical and pathological findings in this case are identical with those in the spinal AVM except for Parkinson's disease. In addition, the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord in the middle thoracic segment showed pallor: Under light microscopy, the funiculus was spongiform, with a thinner wall of the myelin sheath, enlargement of the axon and the perivascular infiltration of phagocytes without plasma exudation. The changes in the lateral funiculus seemed to indicate early congestive changes.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Drug-induced hypotension SEP test and acetazolamide test using 133Xe SPECT in patients with occlusive carotid disease--selection of candidates for extracranial-intracranial bypass.

The correlation between the drug-induced hypotension somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) test and regional cerebral blood flow changes after acetazolamide administration was studied. Fourteen patients presenting with transient ischemic attack, reversible ischemic neurological deficits, or minor completed stroke were evaluated. All patients had no or only localized low-density areas on computed tomographic scans, and unilateral occlusion or severe stenosis of the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery on cerebral angiograms. The Diamox asymmetry enhancement (DAE) was studied to detect reduced cerebral perfusion reserve in the affected hemispheres. The DAE was 7.9 +/- 5.8% in seven patients positive in the SEP test, significantly higher than -1.5 +/- 2.9% in patients negative in the SEP test. Postoperative SEP tests were negative in all five patients who underwent extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery, suggesting that the EC-IC bypass improved the cerebral perfusion reserve in the affected hemispheres. The DAE decreased significantly in four of these patients. This study disclosed a significant correlation between the drug-induced hypotension SEP test and DAE. These parameters are considered important for evaluating patients with hemodynamic compromise and/or suitable candidates for EC-IC bypass.

Acetazolamide↗

PubMed1991

Pituitary prolactinoma associated with polycystic ovary--case report.

A 25-year-old female presented with pituitary prolactinoma associated with polycystic ovarian disease and amenorrhea. After trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy, the serum prolactin level returned to normal. Postoperative ultrasonography revealed resolution of the polycystic ovary. Regular menses recommenced 2 months after surgery. Our experience suggests that pituitary prolactinoma may be a cause of polycystic ovarian disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[A rare case of adult-onset Becker muscular dystrophy diagnosed by dystrophin staining].

Different diagnosis of Becker muscular dystrophy (MD) from limb-girdle MD mainly depends on the differences of heredity form and age at onset. However, sporadic cases with either type of MD often occur, and occasionally Becker MD can occur in adult age when limb-girdle MD commonly occurs. We reported the male sporadic case of Becker MD with the onset at 30 year old who was diagnosed by dystrophin staining. At the age of 30, he noticed mild difficulty to stand up and instability when hurrying up stairs. His weakness of lower limb-girdle gradually progressed, but he is able to walk without any support at the present age of 54, and he never showed weakness in upper limbs. Neurological and laboratory examination revealed that severe atrophy of lower limb-girdle, mild calf hypertrophy and moderate elevate of serum CK level. These history and symptoms hardly distinguish between Becker and limb-girdle MD. Immunostaining of biopsy muscle from the patient using the antiserum against synthetic peptide fragment of dystrophin revealed faint and patchy pattern, and immunoblot revealed 380 kd of abnormal size dystrophin. These dystrophin testing confirmed that this case was a rare case of Becker MD with adult-onset and mild clinical course.

Dystrophin↗

PubMed1991

[The responses of somatosensory evoked potentials and cerebral blood flow to acetazolamide in patients with occlusive carotid disease].

The correlation between somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes after acetazolamide administration was studied in six patients presented with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor completed stroke. All patients had no or only localized low density area on computed tomography, and severe occlusive disease in the ipsilateral common or internal carotid artery on cerebral angiography. In two patients with internal carotid artery occlusion, both marked decrease in ipsilateral N20 amplitude and prolongation of ipsilateral N20 latency were observed from 5-10 minutes after acetazolamide injection. These changes gradually improved and resolved 30-45 minutes after acetazolamide injection. In these cases, stable xenon CT revealed paradoxical rCBF decrease in the territory of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery after acetazolamide injection. Especially, rCBF in the ipsilateral centrum semiovale fell to less than 20 ml/100 g/min. The other patients showed no change in SEPs and no paradoxical decrease in rCBF after acetazolamide injection. These results suggest that SEP test with acetazolamide loading could be valuable to evaluate a certain group of the patients with severely disturbed cerebral perfusion reserve in the carotid territory and suitable candidate for extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass (EC/IC bypass), although further investigations is needed.

Acetazolamide↗

PubMed1991

[Relation between cerebral white matter damage on CT and MRI and clinical data in DRPLA (pseudo-Huntington form)].

We studied the relation between cerebral white matter damage and clinical data in nine patients with dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). All patients showed pseudo-Huntington form. The study produced five results. (1) The four of the nine patients showed diffuse hypodensity of the cerebral white matter on CT. We studied one of this four patients by MRI. The hypodensity area on CT showed marked high signal intensity by T2-weighted image on MRI. (2) The onset age was later in the patients with cerebral white matter damage as compared with the patients without this damage. (3) All patients showed subcortical dementia, which was more remarkable in the patient with white matter damage. This suggests the relation between cerebral white matter damage and progression rate of subcortical dementia in DRPLA. (4) Gait disturbance progressed more rapidly in the patients with cerebral white matter damage. (5) The homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration in CSF decreased more remarkably in the patients with white matter damage.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Bending and torsion fractures in long bones (a mechanical and radiologic assessment of clinical cases).

Long bone injuries in clinical cases are studied by comparison of roentgenograms with a rational mechanical analysis of the injuries. Fractures produced by torsional loads have a spiral shape with a smooth and even surface. Fractures induced by bending loads have uneven and rugged fracture surfaces perpendicular to the bone axis. Long bones are weak in torsion but strong in tensile stress produced by bending. This result corresponds to the clinical fact that a large direct external force is needed to produce a transverse fracture while a spiral fracture is produced by a relatively small torque.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

A sporadic case of bulbospinal muscular atrophy of late onset.

We describe a 72-year-old male with bulbospinal muscular atrophy (BSMA) who was being treated for diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure due to an old myocardial infarction. Although BSMA is a rare form of X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset, this case is a sporadic case. We emphasize the importance of recognizing a sporadic case of BSMA.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

[SEP monitoring during balloon occlusion test or operation for vertebro-basilar aneurysms].

SEP (somatosensory evoked potential) monitoring was carried out on seven patients with vertebro-basilar aneurysms during balloon occlusion test, during operation, or after operation. In the patient (case 5) with basilar tip aneurysm, the amplitude of N20 remarkably decreased and this finding closely correlated with disturbed consciousness during transient balloon occlusion of the basilar artery. In another patient (case 6) with vertebral dissecting aneurysm, cerebellar retraction caused transient prolongation of N20 latency during operation. In another case, postoperative SEP monitoring revealed marked reduction of N20 amplitude in the patient (case 7) who showed disturbed consciousness and bilateral oculomotor palsy after operation for basilar aneurysms, but who showed no abnormality in postoperative ABR (auditory evoked brainstem response). The other four patients showed no neurological deterioration and no SEP change during transient balloon occlusion of the parent arteries. Because of the high rate of "false-negative" findings, it remains unclear whether SEP monitoring during surgery for vertebrobasilar aneurysms is of value to predict postoperative deficit due to brainstem ischemia. In our study, however, the changes of SEP were well correlated with neurological deterioration and/or the location of postoperative infarction. In conclusion, SEP monitoring during balloon occlusion tests or operations for vertebro-basilar aneurysms is considered to be useful in predicting ischemic complication of the brainstem caused by the occlusion of the parent artery. However other methodologies have to be developed in order to monitor the pyramidal tract and reticular activating system of the brainstem more accurately.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

A small GTP-binding protein (G protein) recognized by smg p25A GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) in human platelet membranes and GDI for this small G protein in human platelet cytosol.

We have recently purified from bovine brain cytosol a novel type of regulatory protein for smg p25A, named smg p25A GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI), that regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of smg p25A by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from and thereby the subsequent binding of GTP to it. This smg p25A GDI is inactive for other ras p21/ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) including c-Ha-ras p21, smg p21, rhoA p21 and rhoB p20. In human platelet membranes, smg p25A was not detected but a G protein with an apparent Mr value of 24,000 (24KG) was recognized by smg p25A GDI and the dissociation of GDP from and the binding of GTP to 24KG were inhibited by smg p25A GDI. The doses of smg p25A GDI necessary for these activities for both 24KG and smg p25A were the same. This 24KG was not recognized by an anti-smg p25A monoclonal antibody. The GDI activity for human platelet 24KG and smg p25A was detected in human platelet cytosol. This human platelet GDI was recognized by an anti-smg p25A GDI polyclonal antibody. These results indicate that there is a 24KG-24KG GDI system similar to a smg p25A-smg p25A GDI system in human platelets.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Purification and characterization from bovine brain cytosol of a protein that inhibits the dissociation of GDP from and the subsequent binding of GTP to smg p25A, a ras p21-like GTP-binding protein.

A novel regulatory protein for smg p25A, a ras p21-like GTP-binding protein, was purified to near homogeneity from bovine brain cytosol. This regulatory protein, designated here as smg p25A GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI), inhibited the dissociation of GDP, but not of guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate (GTPgamma S), from smg p25A. smg p25A GDI also inhibited the binding of GTPgamma S to the GDP-bound form of smg p25A but not of that to the guanine nucleotide-free form. GDI did not stimulate the GTPase activity of smg p25A and by itself showed neither GTPgammaS-binding nor GTPase activity. GDI was inactive for other ras p21/ras p21-like GTP-binding proteins including c-Ha-ras p21, rhoB p20, and smg p21. The Mr value of GDI was estimated to be about 54,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, about 65,000 from the S value (4.5 S), and about 82,000 by gel filtration. The isoelectric point of GDI was about pH 5.6. The activities of GDI were killed by tryptic digestion or heat boiling. These results indicate that bovine brain cytosol contains a regulatory protein for smg p25A that inhibits the dissociation of GDP from and thereby the subsequent binding of GTP to this protein.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Alanine dehydrogenases from two Bacillus species with distinct thermostabilities: molecular cloning, DNA and protein sequence determination, and structural comparison with other NAD(P)(+)-dependent dehydrogenases.

The gene encoding alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) from a mesophile, Bacillus sphaericus, was cloned, and its complete DNA sequence was determined. In addition, the same gene from a moderate thermophile, B. stearothermophilus, was analyzed in a similar manner. Large parts of the two translated amino acid sequences were confirmed by automated Edman degradation of tryptic peptide fragments. Each alanine dehydrogenase gene consists of a 1116-bp open reading frame and encodes 372 amino acid residues corresponding to the subunit (Mr = 39,500-40,000) of the hexameric enzyme. The similarity of amino acid sequence between the two alanine dehydrogenases with distinct thermostabilities is very high (greater than 70%). The nonidentical residues are clustered in a few regions with relatively short length, which may correlate with the difference in thermal stability of the enzymes. Homology search of the primary structures of both alanine dehydrogenases with those of other pyridine nucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases revealed significant sequence similarity in the regions containing the coenzyme binding domain. Interestingly, several catalytically important residues in lactate and malate dehydrogenases are conserved in the primary structure of alanine dehydrogenases at matched positions with similar mutual distances.

Alanine Dehydrogenase↗

PubMed1990

Studies on DNA markers (D4S10 and D4S43/S127) genetically linked to Huntington's disease in Japanese families.

This is the first full report on the genetic linkage between Japanese Huntington's disease and the DNA markers D4S10 and D4S43/S127. With use of the HindIII, BglI, and EcoRI polymorphisms detected at D4S10, and the combination of all these polymorphisms to give composite haplotypes, nine Japanese Huntington's disease families were found to be informative. Three recombinants for D4S10 were detected in these families, giving a maximum lod score of 1.662 at a theta of 0.10. Similarly, when we used the MspI and PvuII polymorphisms detected by D4S43/S127, five families gave informative results. No recombinant was detected in these families, giving a maximum lod score of 3.348 at a theta of 0.00. These results clearly support the view that the Japanese Huntington's disease gene may be identical with the Western gene, in spite of the lower prevalence rate in Japan.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Protective efficacy of a novel hepatitis B vaccine consisting of M (pre-S2 + S) protein particles (a third generation vaccine).

The protective efficacy of a new type of yeast-derived hepatitis B (HB) vaccine (TGP-943, subtype adr), which was formulated from modified M (pre-S2 + S; P31) protein (M-P31c) particles, was investigated in chimpanzees. Animals were injected intramuscularly three times at 4-week intervals with doses of 10 or 40 micrograms (as a protein) of TGP-943. There were no significant differences in the immunogenicity of 10 micrograms compared to that of 40 micrograms of TGP-943 in terms of anti-S antibody response, while the induction and persistence of anti-pre-S2 antibodies seemed dose-related. Chimpanzees, vaccinated with 40 micrograms of TGP-943, produced anti-pre-S2 antibodies 2 weeks after the first injection, which appeared earlier than anti-HBs (S) antibodies. A maximum level of the anti-pre-S2 antibodies was reached 2 weeks after the second injection. Apart from immunization with TGP-943, chimpanzees injected with denatured TGP-943, consisting of 10 micrograms (as a protein) of non-particulate M-P31c antigen, produced anti-pre-S2 antibodies with a non-protecting level of anti-S antibodies (less than 10 mIU ml-1). Five weeks after the third injection, all animals were challenged intravenously with 1000 chimpanzee infectious units of HBV subtype (ayw) and were protected as confirmed by normal serological markers, no signs of infection in the sera and liver biopsies, and no detection of HBV-DNA by PCR method. No side effects from inoculation with TGP-943 or denatured TGP-943 were also encountered in any animals.

Animals↗