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Biomedical subjects

S Kuperman

Publications and source records attributed to S Kuperman.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging of autism.

Since recent reports suggest structural brain abnormalities in autistic patients, we analysed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of autistic children. Planimetric measurements were done on midsagittal MRI scans, produced with a 0.5 T superconducting magnet. Scans of 13 'high-level' autistic subjects were compared with 35 control MRI scans, read as anatomically normal by a neuroradiologist. Corpus callosal, fourth ventricular, cerebellar, cerebral, and cranial areas were measured. The fourth ventricle was found to be significantly larger in the autistic group. No other areas in the midsagittal scans differed statistically between groups. Results suggest that structures defining the fourth ventricle are anatomically altered in autistic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Clinical correlates of sulcal widening in chronic schizophrenia.

Fifty-five chronic schizophrenic males who consented to have a computed tomographic (CT) brain scan were divided into those with cerebral atrophy evidenced by sulcal widening (n = 22) and those with normal sulci (n = 33). The two groups were compared on several clinical variables obtained from medical records by psychiatrists who were unaware of the CT results. Schizophrenic men with sulcal enlargement were significantly less likely to show agitation as a clinical symptom during an acute relapse and had significantly worse cognitive test scores on admission to the hospital. The implications of these findings are compared to the literature on ventricular enlargement and their clinical applications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Clinical differences between schizophrenic patients with and without large cerebral ventricles.

In a group of 55 chronic schizophrenic men aged 20-45 years, the mean ventricle to brain ratio (VBR) on computerized tomographic brain scan was significantly greater than in 27 matched control subjects. A clinical comparison was then conducted between the schizophrenic patients with VBRs above (N = 19) or below (N = 36) 2 SD from the control mean. No differences were found in age of onset, premorbid history, duration of illness, severity of illness, response to neuroleptic drug treatment, presence of positive or negative symptoms, substance abuse, or cognitive testing. However patients with VBRs greater than 2 SD above the mean were significantly older and had a significantly higher frequency of history of schizophrenia in a first-degree relative.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cerebral ventricular enlargement in subtypes of chronic schizophrenia.

A computed tomographic study of the brain in 55 young men with chronic schizophrenia and 27 age- and sex-matched control subjects showed a significantly higher ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) in the patients with chronic schizophrenia. Using the Tsuang-Winokur criteria, the sample was classified into paranoid and nonparanoid-hebephrenic subtypes. Nonparanoid patients who did not fulfill the criteria for hebephrenia were grouped as a nonparanoid-undifferentiated subtype. All three groups of subtypes had a significantly higher mean VBR than control subjects. Among the schizophrenia subtypes, the paranoid and nonparanoid-hebephrenic groups were not different, and both had a significantly larger mean VBR than the nonparanoid-undifferentiated group. The results suggest that although the extent of ventricular enlargement varies among schizophrenia subtypes, they all show a significant enlargement compared with the control group. Also, in contrast with previous reports linking a high VBR with negative symptoms, poor prognosis, and impaired cognition, the data in this study show the largest mean VBR in the paranoid patients who generally have a good premorbid history, positive symptoms, less impaired cognition, and relatively better prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Neurological differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: part I. sensory-motor lateralization.

Sensory-motor lateralization was studied prospectively in a consecutive sample of male chronic schizophrenic patients. The sample was divided into paranoid (N = 27) and nonparanoid (N = 53) subjects according to the Tsuang-Winokur criteria. Significantly more left handedness was found in the paranoid group, suggesting the left hemispheric dysfunction may be important in the etiology of paranoid schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Neurological differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: part III. neurological soft signs.

A prospective study of 19 neurological soft signs in 44 male chronic schizophrenic patients and 29 matched control subjects revealed significantly more neurological abnormalities in the schizophrenic group. The schizophrenic patients were divided into paranoid and nonparanoid subtypes using the Tsuang-Winokur criteria. No significant differences emerged between the two subtypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The diagnosis of depression in children.

Operational criteria for depression in children were derived from diagnostic criteria designed for adults. These criteria were applied to a series of outpatients and inpatients on a Child Psychiatry Service. Thirteen per cent of girls and 5% of boys admitted to the clinic met the criteria for depression. (For this calculation autistic, brain-damaged and seriously retarded were excluded from the clinic population.) The frequencies of criterion symptoms and some related symptoms are reported. Generally the data suggest that the significant depression does occur as an independent syndrome in children, it is relatively common in a clinic population and it does not differ obviously from depression in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Depersonalization in accident victims and psychiatric patients.

A transient depersonalization syndrome was identified in nearly one third of persons exposed to life-threatening danger (accident victims) and close to 40% of a group of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Although the syndrome was similar in these populations, mental clouding developed more commonly among patients and alertness was more prominent among accident victims. Anxiety was significantly associated with the development of depersonalization among psychiatric patients and was almost certainly a factor in its appearance among accident victims. The findings suggest that this syndrome is a specific response to extreme danger or its associated anxiety.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemispheric differences for P300 amplitude from an auditory oddball task.

The P3(00) event-related potential (ERP) was elicited in 80 normal, right-handed male subjects using a simple auditory stimulus discrimination task, with electroencephalographic (EEG) activity recorded at 19 electrodes. P300 amplitude was larger over the right compared to left hemisphere electrode sites primarily at anterior-medial locations (F3/4, C3/4) for both target and standard stimuli. The N100, P200, and N200 components also demonstrated several similar, albeit less robust, hemispheric asymmetries. No hemispheric effects for P300 latency were observed, with few consistent latency findings for any of the other components obtained. The results suggest that the discrimination process underlying P300 generation may originate with right frontal activation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual P300: an interlaboratory consistency study.

The P300 component of the event-related potential is reduced in both abstinent alcoholics and in males at high risk for developing alcoholism. Here, 96 males (mean = 22.1 years) who were part of an interlaboratory (n = 6) consistency study in the national COGA (Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism) Project were subjects in a visual target selection paradigm. Each of the participating laboratories used the same experimental design, hardware and software. Each subject received a randomized series of target, nontarget and novel visual stimuli, and upon detecting the target stimulus, was required to make a button press as quickly as possible. Statistical analyses indicated that there were no significant differences in P300 amplitude and latency at the Pz electrode under any of the aforementioned conditions across laboratories. Thus, the interlaboratory consistency of the visual P300 indicates that it may be of utility in a national collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver after intraconazole treatment.

A 38-year-old woman developed focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver after she had received a 4-month treatment with intraconazole 200 mg/d for a fungal infection of her fingernails. Because the patient underwent yearly liver ultrasound examinations because of the removal of a breast carcinoma, when the tumor was discovered incidentally, it was clear that it had developed within the past year after she had begun receiving intraconazole. Although various chemical agents and drugs have been considered as possible etiologic factors in the development of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, cases occurring after intraconazole therapy have not been reported before. Apart from the theoretical considerations with regard to the pathogenesis of nodular hyperplasia of the liver, this case could gain practical importance, as it shows a new adverse effect of a drug that has been used in more than 34 million patients over the past 10 years. Furthermore, this case should draw attention to the possibility of drug-induced benign hepatic tumors, as they may mimic malignant and metastatic disorders, which might be especially alarming in patients undergoing routine examinations after removal of malignant tumors, such as our patient.

Adult↗