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Biomedical subjects

S Kumari

Publications and source records attributed to S Kumari.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immunogenicity of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine.

Fifty two children were immunized with two doses of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine in order to determine its efficacy. The vaccine was very efficacious with 92.3, 92.3 and 88.3% of the children seroconverting to the three poliovirus types, respectively. The vaccine was equally efficacious whether the two doses were given at 4-week or 8-week intervals or when immunization was started at 6-7 weeks of age or later. The presence of maternal antibodies did not interfere significantly with the seroresponse to two doses of IPV-E. The study recommends that two doses of IPV-E give satisfactory seroconversion rates. Immunization can be started as early as 6 weeks age and the two doses can be given at 4 weeks interval to complete primary immunization against poliomyelitis.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

Relative performance of Organon kit in comparison to Du Pont for confirmatory serological testing of HIV infection by western blot test in sera from blood donors.

A total of 32 specimens with different categories of reactivity by Du Pont Western Blot kit comprising of specimens showing full spectrum of HIV-I antigen specific bands, 19 specimens showing total absence of bands and four specimens showing non-specific bands (without any interpretative importance) were subjected to Western Blot testing by Organon test. Of the nine specimens showing full spectrum of bands by Du Pont the correlation with Organon kit was 100 per cent based on WHO criteria. Four specimens with non-specific indeterminate band pattern by Du Pont failed to show any band in Organon kit, indicating that latter to be more specific.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1992

Prolonged undiagnosed fever in northern India.

A prospective study for five years along with a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted over 10 years with the diagnosis of prolonged undiagnosed fever was carried out in a referral hospital of North India to determine the specific disorders responsible for it. One hundred and fifty patients (80 prospective and 70 retrospective) were included in the study. Infections, especially tuberculosis, was the most dominant cause (50%), followed by lymphoreticular and haematological disorders (21.32%), collagen vascular disorders and neoplasms (8.67%) each. Miscellaneous causes were responsible in 6.67% and in 4.67% the cause of fever remained undiagnosed.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1992

Significance of cord problems at birth.

Cord problems at birth were prospectively studied in 12,000 singleton deliveries, of which 258 (2.15%) babies had cord abnormalities. Nearly 32% of these cases had fetal distress and 20.5% had 1 minute Apgar score less than 6. Of the various cord problems nuchal cord was noted in 79.1%, cord prolapse in 12.4% and true knots in 3.9% cases. Perinatal mortality rate with cord problems was 85.27/1000 births. Neonatal problems noted were septicemia (4.56%), aspiration syndromes (13.48%), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (7.30%), neonatal convulsions (2.14%) and hyperbilirubinemia (2.14%). Although mean Hb and PCV were lower in those with cord round the neck as compared to normal controls, this difference was not significant. Seven babies had Hb less than 13 g/dl with nuchal cords. Neonates born with cord around the neck or with other cord abnormalities should be carefully followed up for morbidity.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1991

An evaluation of straw-extract agar media for the growth and sporulation of Madurella mycetomatis.

Four new media, namely Wheat straw extract agar, Bajra straw extract agar, Jowar straw extract agar and Paddy straw extract agar, were evaluated for their potential to stimulate the growth and sporulation of Madurella mycetomatis in comparison with the conventional Sabouraud dextrose agar and Soil extract agar. Vegetative growth of M. mycetomatis on the four types of Straw extract agars was superior to that obtained on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Isolates of M. mycetomatis sporulated better and faster on the Straw extract agars than on the Sabouraud dextrose agar and Soil extract agar. Straw extract agar is recommended as a sporulation medium for M. mycetomatis. It may prove useful especially for studies of the conidium ontogeny of the fungus for elucidating its taxonomic status.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1991

Observations on coagulase-negative staphylococci in a neonatal unit in India.

Fifty neonates were included in a prospective study which determined the frequency of colonization and infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in a neonatal unit. The isolates were characterised by species, antibiotic resistance and ability to produce slime. Twenty-four epidemiologically related isolates (including four isolates from the hands of staff) were also phage typed and had plasmid analysis performed. On the first day of birth, 18% of infants were colonized with CNS, 40% and 30% by days 3-5 and day 7 respectively, and 25% by the 14th day and beyond. Staphylococcus haemolyticus and S. epidermidis were the most frequent CNS species encountered, accounting for 36% and 35% of isolates. Resistance to four or more antibiotics was present in 37% of strains isolated on the first day and this increased to 100% of isolates from infants who stayed for more than 14 days. Forty-five percent of CNS were slime producers; no significant difference was observed in slime producing ability between the species or isolates at different days after birth. Five infants developed septicaemia due to CNS. Staphylococcus haemolyticus and S. epidermidis were recovered as the only pathogens from three and two cases respectively. Detailed typing revealed that one case of infection with S. haemolyticus was preceded by surface colonization with an identical strain. Evidence was also obtained for the transmission of CNS between babies on the hands of staff.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Sero-epidemiological study of severe forms of paralytic poliomyelitis.

Poliomyelitis has assumed immense public health importance owing to the magnitude of problem. The present study describes clinical, epidemiological and virological profile of seventy four cases of severe forms of acute paralytic poliomyelitis admitted to Kalawati Saran Children Hospital, New Delhi, during the period from August, 1986 to May, 1987. Thirty two per cent of total paralytic poliomyelitis cases were diagnosed as severe cases. Highest incidence (45.95%) of the cases were in the age group of 6-12 months and male to female ratio was 2.08:1. There was preponderance of cases from urban area. Among all the cases, 12.2% had received three or more doses of oral poliovaccine. Fever and respiratory involvement were the commonest symptoms. Sixty seven patients (90.5%) were virologically or serologically confirmed as an acute poliomyelitis due to any of the three poliovirus type. On follow up of the cases, complete recovery could be seen only in 4.2% of cases with varying degree of residual paralysis in 95.8% cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Antibody response to three doses of standard and double dose of trivalent oral polio vaccine.

The study was undertaken to compare the antibody response of 6-12 weeks old infants after three doses of standard trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV) (Groups A; (n = 42) with three doses of double the amount of TOPV (Group B; n = 35). Seroconversions in Group A were 64.2, 80.9% and 57.1% for Types I, II and III polioviruses, respectively. The corresponding figures for Group B were 77.7, 80.0 and 60.6%, respectively, the differences being insignificant. Differences in feeding practices and presence of maternal antibodies did not affect seroconversion. This suggests that increasing the amount of vaccine virus in each dose is not an alternative to present strategy. Breast feeding and presence of maternal antibodies are not responsible for poor seroconversion.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Icterometer: a useful screening tool for neonatal jaundice.

One hundred and sixty one jaundiced newborns were investigated for the usefulness of perspex icterometer as a screening tool for neonatal jaundice. Along with serum bilirubin estimation, icterometer score was simultaneously obtained in all the cases. The correlation between serum bilirubin and icterometer score was high (r = 0.99). The icterometer was useful in various subgroups. A high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value was seen in all the groups. A possible role of icterometer in India for screening newborns with jaundice at peripheral level is highlighted.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1991

Neonatal mortality patterns in an urban hospital.

Neonatal mortality rate is perhaps the most reliable indicator of the perinatal outcome. An assessment of perinatal outcome can be made through knowledge of causes of death. This study was carried out to evaluate the neonatal deaths in our hospital. Live births (n = 7309) and deaths (n = 328) during a 6 months period were retrospectively analyzed. These were grouped into non-preventable and potentially preventable causes of death. The single most important factor contributing to the mortality was respiratory distress (29.3%) followed by sepsis (24.4%) and birth asphyxia (16.2%). The non-preventable causes of mortality (e.g., lethal congenital malformations, extremely low birth weight) accounted for 10.4% of the total mortality. The idealized neonatal mortality rate was 4.6/1000 live births, while the salvageable death rate was 40.2/1000 live births. The mortality increased significantly if the birth weight fell below 2 kg. The salvageable deaths could perhaps be prevented through better antenatal and intranatal care, ventilatory support and prevention of sepsis.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1991

Antimalarial antibody in relation to seroreactivity for HIV infection in sera from blood donors.

A total of 74 specimens from blood donors showing evidence of HIV infection comprising of 40 positive by both ELISA and Western Blot (true positive), 16 positive by ELISA but negative by Western Blot (false positive) and 18 specimens positive by ELISA but showing indeterminate bands in Western Blot were screened for anti-malarial antibody. The prevalence of antimalarial antibody was noted as 62.5%, 56.3% and 66.6% respectively in these groups. None of these groups had any difference in the prevalence of antimalarial antibody with the group of 60 specimens negative for HIV infection by both ELISA as well as Western Blot (true negative) which had a prevalence of antimalarial antibody as 53.3%. The mean titre of antimalarial antibody in the above categories of specimens positive for HIV infection also did not show any difference with that of true negative group. These findings point out that antimalarial antibody does not influence the serological positivity for HIV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Proteinuria in essential hypertension.

Proteinuria was estimated using modified biuret method in 100 consecutive essential hypertensives of both sexes with mean age of 40 +/- 0.9 (18-50 yr) attending hypertension clinic. Proteinuria (mg/1.73 M2/24 h) in 60 mild hypertensives ranged from 45.4 to 493.0 with 9 (15%) patients having abnormal proteinuria (greater than 250 mg). In 26 moderate hypertensives proteinuria ranged from 96-1010; 7 (27%) had abnormal proteinuria. The proteinuria in 14 severe accelerated, malignant hypertensives ranged from 146.5-6132.6 with 10 (71%) having abnormal proteinuria. Duration of hypertension had no correlation with the amount of proteinuria. The amount of proteinuria was much higher (P less than 0.001) in patients with renal insufficiency (1322.5 +/- 586.4) and in patients with grades III and IV hypertensive retinopathy. LVH on ECG also correlated positively with proteinuria. The group with abnormal proteinuria had more patients with LVH (42.3% vs 12.2%), severe hypertensive retinopathy (30.8% vs 4.1%) and renal insufficiency (34.6% vs 0%) as compared to patients without elevated proteinuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of ethanol administration on metabolism of lipids in heart and aorta in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Effect of ethanol administration on the severity of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats was studied. Even though serum CPK and GOT levels as well as the extent of myocardial damage as revealed by histopathological studies, were similar, the survival rate was higher in rats administered ethanol. Concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum and heart in rats given ethanol and isoproterenol seems to be the additive effect caused individually by ethanol and isoproterenol. Myocardial alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase both showed increased activity in rats treated with ethanol. The rate of recovery from myocardial infarction however, was slower in rats treated with ethanol as judged from the serum CPK value.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Behavioural risk factors for acquisition of HIV infection and knowledge about AIDS among male professional blood donors in Delhi.

In 1989-90 a study was carried out in Delhi of the risk behaviours and epidemiological characteristics exhibited by 15 paid blood donors who were positive for human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus and on 100 paid seronegative donors. All the donors were male. Compared with the seronegative donors, a significantly greater proportion of seropositive donors were unmarried, had lived in at least two cities in the previous 5 years, donated blood at least once per month, were heterosexually promiscuous, and had visited a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Awareness about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was poor, and even those donors who had heard of AIDS were ignorant about certain important aspects. The results indicate that, based on the risk factors identified in this study, there is a need to adopt more careful selection criteria for blood donors in India.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Demographic features of sporadic acute hepatitis as determined by viral hepatitis markers.

The demographic features of acute x sporadic viral hepatitis as diagnosed by specific markers of viral infection in four different cities in north and north-east India, were examined. Of 405 patients examined, 26 per cent had HB,Ag, 5.9 per cent IgM-anti-HAV antibody, and 8.4 per cent IgM-anti-HBc antibody. Hepatitis B occurred more frequently in male patients (76 per cent) compared to hepatitis A (54 per cent), and in the young adult age group (21-30 years), compared to the latter, which occurred predominantly in children (0-10 years). By using tests to detect HbsAg and IgM-anti-HBc antibody, this study found that hepatitis B accounted for 3 per cent and 8.8 per cent of clinically detected acute sporadic hepatitis in patients less than and older than 10 years of age respectively, which is in contrast with previously-reported rates from India. This study also suggests that many of the infections thought to have been due to HBV, may be due to NANB hepatitis virus. This study emphasizes the importance of specific laboratory tests to draw epidemiologic conclusions regarding hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗