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Biomedical subjects

S Kumari

Publications and source records attributed to S Kumari.

252 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral polio vaccination in infants: beneficial effect of additional dose at birth.

This study was done to assess the response of newborns to trivalent oral polio vaccine and to study any efficacy of OPV if given to infants on third day of life. The study was conducted in two groups, A (87) and B (55) of infants in Delhi, India. In group A, the children received one birth dose or 'O' dose of TOPV, followed by 3 conventional doses started at 6 weeks, and in group B the children received only 3 doses of OPV. Pre and one month post immunization serum samples were tested for the presence of neutralising antibodies. In addition, in group A serum samples were collected at 6 weeks before the administration of 1st dose to see the sero response following 'O' dose of TOPV. It was found that administration of OPV on 3rd day of life leads to sero conversion in 15.3% of infants to all three polio virus types by the age of 6 weeks, and highest sero response was seen for polio virus type 1. Sero-conversion in group A was significantly more than sero-conversion in group B after the administration of last dose. Thus the study has established that immunization of newborns with TOPV is a safe and effective means for improving protection against the disease.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous administration of hepatitis B vaccine with other E.P.I. vaccines.

Development of recombinant DNA vaccine against hepatitis B grown on cultured yeast cell has made it possible to mount a world-wide effort to control and eradicate Hepatitis B infection. However, the currently recommended schedules (0, 1 & 2 months, and 0-1 and 6 months) do not coincide with the scheduled visits for other E.P.I. vaccines, and necessitate additional visits for Hepatitis B vaccination. This study was therefore carried out to find out if adequate seroconversion occurs to Hepatitis B vaccine when given with other EPI vaccines or not? Thirty nine infants born to Australia antigen positive mothers from among 850 screened pregnant mothers were recruited to receive Hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B-10 micro gram each) at 0, 6 and 14 wks (group A) or at 0, 1 and 2 months (group B). Thirty-one infants were recruited in group A and 8 in group B. The cord blood was collected and the first dose of vaccine was given within 48 hours of birth. Simultaneous B.C.G. was given at the left deltoid. Other E.P.I. vaccines were given qt 6, 10 and 14 wks in group A and at 2, 3 and 4 months in group B. Repeat blood samples were collected prior to giving each dose of Hepatitis B vaccine, and 4 weeks after the last dose. All blood samples were assayed for HBsAg and HBsAb at the National Institute Of Communicable Diseases, utilizing standard ELISA kits. The seroconversion rates following one, two and three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine were 3.33%, 55.5%, 96.15% and 0%, 62.5% and 100% in group A and B respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-reported uterine prolapse in a resettlement colony of north India.

The aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of self-reported uterine prolapse and to determine the treatment-seeking behavior of the respondents. Participants of this study are married women of Dadu Majra colony, Chandigarh, India, January-February, 1996. A house-to-house screening of the women was done by a nursing student utilizing a checklist of indicator symptoms of uterine prolapse. All women reporting such symptoms were interviewed further. Among the 2,990 women surveyed, 227 (7.6%) reported symptoms of uterine prolapse. Of the 227 women with self-reported uterine prolapse, 128 (57%) had not taken any treatment, 28 went to a traditional birth attendant (TBA), and 47 (21%) consulted a doctor. Thirty-eight women were advised to have an operation, but only eight complied. Other treatments used by small numbers of women included the use of a ring pessary or alcohol-soaked swab and heel pressure technique. Reasons for non-consultation included shyness (80; 63%), lack of cooperation by the husband, lack of time (80; 63%) and lack of money (74; 58%). The prevalence of prolapse was significantly higher in women with higher parity. More than 7% of the women reported symptoms of uterine prolapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pheochromocytoma: a 10-year experience in a tertiary care North Indian hospital.

BACKGROUND: The study was carried out to highlight the clinical and biochemical profile of patients with pheochromocytoma in a tertiary care center of North India. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty consecutive cases of pheochromocytoma admitted over a period of 10 years to our Institute were analyzed. The chief clinical complaints of these 30 patients (17 males and 13 females, mean age 24+/-7 years) were palpitation (80%), headache (77%), sweating (60%), breathlessness (67%) and flushing (56%). The clinical triad of headache, flushing and sweating occurred in 26.7% of cases. On clinical examination, 97% of the patients were hypertensive and 16.6% presented with malignant hypertension. Laboratory measurements showed that the levels of 24-hour urinary vanillylmandelic acid were elevated in 80% of cases. Levels of plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were raised in 78% and 79% of cases, respectively. Anatomical localization of the tumor on computerized tomographic scan showed the presence of an adrenal tumor in 80% and extra-adrenal tumor in 20%. Surgical removal of the tumor could be carried out in 28 cases following control of the blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs including alpha and beta adrenoreceptor blockers. CONCLUSIONS: Pheochromocytoma should be suspected in all young hypertensive persons. The appropriate therapy for this tumor is surgical removal preceded by adequate blood pressure control including the use of alpha and beta adrenoreceptor antagonists.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Celiac disease presenting as iron-deficiency anemia in northern India.

BACKGROUND: Adult celiac disease is infrequent in India. Iron-deficiency anemia as its presenting manifestation is still rarer. METHODS: We investigated patients with refractory iron-deficiency anemia attending the hematology clinic of a tertiary-care hospital for celiac disease. The diagnosis of celiac disease was based on histology, serology and response to treatment. RESULTS: Of 19 patients with refractory iron-deficiency anemia seen from April 1998 to March 2000, 11 were diagnosed to have celiac disease. Four of these had abnormal D-xylose test and 3 had fat malabsorption. All 11 patients responded to gluten-free diet with improvement in hematological parameters. CONCLUSION: Patients with refractory iron-deficiency anemia of unknown cause should be investigated for subclinical celiac disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hip instability in newborns in an urban community.

BACKGROUND: It is important to recognize congenital dislocation of the hip early so that it can be treated effectively and secondary changes prevented. There is little data on the incidence of this condition in India and we, therefore, studied this problem in a large maternity and paediatric centre in New Delhi. METHODS: Six thousand and twenty-nine consecutive newborns were examined for neonatal hip instability by an orthopaedic surgeon and a paediatrician. Clinical examination was supplemented by X-ray and ultrasonographic examination. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight hips in one hundred and thirteen newborns (18.7 per 1000 live-births) were found to be unstable at first examination. Of these 12.1 per 1000 live-births had subluxatable hips and 0.82 per 1000 had dislocated hips. Those affected were more likely to be females, have involvement of the left hip and have had a breech presentation. One hundred and twenty-eight hips in 97 children had stabilized within 2 weeks, although no definite progress to stability was observed in subluxatable, dislocatable or dislocated hips. Two children who had other congenital abnormalities initially required operation, but the hips in all the other children stabilized within 20 weeks of birth with conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: Neonatal hip instability is common in New Delhi and a screening programme should be initiated to detect its incidence in other parts of India.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional status of scheduled caste pre-school children.

In the present study anthropometric measurements showed that all the children of scheduled caste families under investigation were under weight and suffered from protein energy malnutrition, night blindness, angular stomatitis, enlargement of liver, anaemia, spongy bleeding gum and a few cases of bow legs, polio and keratomalacia. The haemoglobin level was below World Health Organisation (WHO) standard. Their intakes of protective foods and nutrients such as energy, calcium and iron were less than respective recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Socio-economic environment is responsible for poor nutritional status ofscheduled caste pre-school children.

Body Size↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fractionation of culture filtrate antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and two-dimensional crossed immunoelectrophoresis (2D-CIE) of crude culture filtrate antigens prepared from three clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus revealed a striking similarity in the number and nature of their antigenic components, notwithstanding the wide differences in their total protein contents. The antigenic components, which are largely proteins and glycoproteins, varied from 9-10 in number depending on the isolate. A prominent glycoprotein band, common to all the three isolates, merits further purification and detailed study. The serodiagnostic value of culture filtrate antigens of A. fumigatus vis-a-vis mycelial antigens, has been discussed.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating Hodgkin's disease: a case report.

A case of Hodgkin's disease who developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is described. The diagnosis of P. carinii was confirmed on post-mortem lung biopsy. The rarity of its occurrence in our country is emphasised as is the need for high degree of suspicion and early institution of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B--potential of perinatal transmission in India.

To estimate the frequency of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 850 pregnant females were tested for HBsAg and HBeAg using RPHA kits. Frequency of HBsAg positivity was 4.6% by RPHA and 6.34% by micro-ELISA. HBeAg was detected in 18% of the HBsAg positive pregnant females. Presuming a perinatal HBV infection rate of 90% amongst infants born to HBsAg and HBeAg positive pregnant females and 17% amongst infant born to HBsAg positive but HBeAg negative mothers, we estimated that 1.17% to 1.64% infants out of 24 million births occurring annually in this country would be infected with HBV. In other words every year 2.8 to 3.9 lakh infants are being infected by HBV perinatally, 90% of whom will eventually develop chronic HBV infection. Urgent control measures are necessary to circumvent this problem.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in multitransfused children.

The study was conducted on 75 multitransfused children aged between 2 and 13 years who attended the Department of Paediatrics, LNJPN Hospital, New Delhi from July 1990 to July 1991. These included 64 cases of thalassaemia major, 4 cases of haemophilia, 3 patients of acute lymphatic leukaemia and one each of acute myeloid leukaemia, aplastic anemia, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. HBsAg was tested in all, Anti-HBc was tested in 44 patients and Anti-HCV in 43 patients. Anti HDV was tested in HBsAg positive patients and IgM anti-HAV was tested in patients suffering from hepatitis. Liver function tests were evaluated in all patients. HBsAg was positive in 31% of patients; 40% of males and 15% of females were HBsAg positive, the difference being statistically significant. 84% of patients were Anti-HBc positive, 21% were anti HCV positive, 4% were Anti HDV positive. 15% of the patients had post transfusion hepatitis. Anti HCV was present in 57% of the hepatitis patients; none had anti-HAV IgM.

Child↗