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Biomedical subjects

S Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to S Kumar.

At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Comparison of latex agglutination and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detecting human rotavirus in stool specimens.

One hundred and forty five stool samples from children below 2 years of age, hospitalized with diarrhea were tested for rotavirus antigen by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), latex agglutination test using commercially available kit Rotastat (Ranbaxy Diagnostic, India) and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty eight samples were positive for the virus antigen by all the three assay systems. The sensitivity of latex agglutination (LA) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was 91.4% (32/35) and 80% (28/35), respectively; the corresponding specificity was 98.18% (108/110) and 100% (110/110), respectively. Latex agglutination was the least complex, required the least amount of apparatus and provided a result within a short time. It showed a high specificity and a reasonable amount of sensitivity and the results correlated well with ELISA and PAGE.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Involvement of mono-oxygenases as a major mechanism of deltamethrin-resistance in larvae of three species of mosquitoes.

Role of mono-oxygenases as a mechanism of resistance to the synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin in the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Aedes aegypti L. and Anopheles stephensi Liston developed by laboratory selections with deltamethrin, DDT or deltamethrin and the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in the ratio of 1:5, was investigated. There was a significant correlation with mono-oxygenase activity and larval LC50 to deltamethrin in various strains of all the three species. In addition, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the main NADPH generating enzyme for mono-oxygenases, also showed enhanced activity in deltamethrin and DDT-selected strains. The present data, therefore, clearly suggest that deltamethrin resistance in the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi is mainly due to the detoxification of deltamethrin by microsomal mono-oxygenases. High activity of G6PD observed in DDT-selected strains seems to be related to its role as a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH-dependent dehydrochlorination of DDT.

Aedes↗
PubMed1991

T and B lymphocytes in patients with enteric fever.

Estimation of T and B lymphocytes was done in 50 patients of enteric fever, 50 duration matched non enteric fever patients and 50 normal healthy individuals. The difference in both early and late rosette forming T lymphocytes was found to be statistically significant in enteric versus non-enteric patients. Significant difference was also observed in enteric versus normal individuals in case of late rosette forming T lymphocytes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of Pasteurella haemolytica saline capsular extract on bovine pulmonary endothelial cells.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether Pasteurella haemolytica capsular extract (CE) damages bovine pulmonary endothelial cells (EC) directly or through neutrophil-mediated mechanisms. Chromium 51-labeled EC were treated with the following variables: CE (1, 10, and 100 ng of protein/ml), CE and bovine neutrophils (10(6) cells/well), and CE and polymyxin B (500 U/ml). Although only minimal damage to EC occurred by 5 hours after treatment, by 22 hours after treatment, the 10-ng and 100-ng CE dose produced severe damage to EC, as indicated by 51Cr release, cellular detachment, and loss of monolayer confluency. The component in the CE that was toxic to the EC was lipopolysaccharide, evidenced by effective neutralization of the toxic effect with polymyxin B. Neutrophils inhibited the CE-mediated EC toxicity and were activated, as indicated by shape change and adhesion to EC monolayers. We concluded that the lipopolysaccharide component of CE causes direct damage to EC, which can be attenuated by neutrophils and polymyxin B.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Early experience with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in unstable angina.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was done in 13 of 105 patients with unstable angina, 10 of whom were males. Diagnostic coronary angiography revealed single vessel disease in 10 cases and two vessel disease in 3 cases; the degree of stenosis varied from 70-90%. Only a single major coronary artery was dilated. Immediate angiographic success was achieved in 12(92.3%) cases. The success rate at the time of discharge from hospital was 10 (76.9%) cases. Immediate complications encountered were acute myocardial infarction in 2 cases, they refused coronary artery bypass grafting and unsuccessful dilation in 1 case. No death occurred during the hospital stay. During follow-up of 6-9 months, 8 patients were symptom free (66.6%), 2 patients required repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and 2 patients died. In conclusion, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty may be undertaken relatively safely in unstable angina, it leads to substantial improvement in symptoms during the early follow-up period. This therapeutic approach is highly beneficial particularly in single vessel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Neurocysticercosis in children.

Twenty seven cases (13 male, 14 female) in the age group of 3-12 years with cerebral cysticercosis were studied and followed up to 3.9 years (mean 1.85 +/- 0.91 years). Seizures (partial 76% and generalized 23.8%) was the feature in 21 patients (77.7%) and raised intracranial tension in 15 (55.5%). Five patients (18.2%) had meningoencephalitis, while 4 (14.8%) had obstructive hydrocephalus due to intraventricular cysts in the 4th ventricle. Twenty two patients received cysticidal drugs (praziquantel or albendazole), while 8 had surgical intervention (CSF diversion, cyst removal, subtemporal decompression or extirpation of the cortical cyst). Mortality was 18.2%. Survivors had epilepsy in 18 patients (81.8%), dementia in 2 (9%), mental subnormality in 6 (27.2%) and hyperkinesia in 12 (54.5%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An unusual case of plasma cell granuloma involving lung and brain.

A young male aged 20 years had resection of the upper lobe of right lung for plasma cell granuloma. Five years later he developed three lesions in the brain, one of which was resected. Brain lesion showed similar histopathological picture. A unique case of plasma cell granuloma involving more than one organ is reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of cycocel and furfuryl amino purine on protein metabolism of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) under simulated drought conditions.

Water stress drastically decreased relative water content and total soluble protein whereas it increased free amino acids, proline and protease enzyme in P. americanum. Treatments with 6-furfuryl amino purine (0.50 mM) and cycocel (60 mM) maintained the levels of soluble protein contents but the applications of furfuryl amino purine decreased free amino acids and free proline under stress conditions.

Adenine↗
PubMed1991

Hydrolysed microspheres from cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate (Hydrogel). A new embolic material for interventional neuroradiology.

Highly hydrophilic, perfectly smooth and spherical microspheres have been synthetized. These non-biodegradable microspheres absorb water in varying degrees and can be injected easily through microcatheters due to their slippery and compressible characteristics. The material was successfully used for embolization of 4 vascular intracranial tumours and 2 spinal vascular lesions in the cervical region, by superselective delivery. Histopathology confirmed absolute inertness of the microspheres.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Transfusion-related chronic liver disease in sickle cell anemia.

The medical records and liver biopsies of nine sickle cell patients with chronically elevated liver function tests were retrospectively reviewed to determine the etiology of chronic liver disease. There were eight women and one man with a mean age of 30 yr. All patients had hemoglobin SS. Eight patients were referred for elevated aminotransferases and one for an elevated alkaline phosphatase. Hemosiderosis was present in all of the biopsies. Two patients had cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis was noted in two patients, and five patients had cholestasis. Two patients had serologic markers demonstrating HBV exposure but no patients were HBsAg positive. Erythrophagocytosis, sinusoidal dilatation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia were present in all of the liver biopsies. Transfusion-related causes were the most common significant pathologic findings in our patients, and appeared to be the etiologies of chronic liver disease in sickle cell patients.

Adult↗