Biomedical subjects

S Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to S Kudo.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of decaglycerol mono-oleate on chemiluminescence of human neutrophils.

Decaglycerol mono-oleate (DGMO), a type of food additive (a polyglycerol ester of fatty acids), was evaluated for its in vitro effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by human neutrophils using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Neutrophils were isolated by the Histopaque-1077/1119 double density gradient technique. Opsonized zymosan (OZ) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were employed as artificial stimuli. DGMO inhibited the chemiluminescence response of OZ-stimulated neutrophils by 58% (p < 0.01) at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. DGMO inhibited the PMA-induced chemiluminescence by 40% (p < 0.01) at a concentration of 0.01 mg/mL. The inhibition phenomena could not be attributed to light absorption by DGMO alone, because the percentage chemiluminescence in the presence of DGMO is lower than the percentage transmittance of DGMO at 425 nm. These results suggest that DGMO downregulates ROS generation by human neutrophils.

Food Additives↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Applicability of chemiluminescence to assess the degree of operative stress in patients undergoing spinal surgery.

This study examined the applicability of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) response of neutrophils to assess the degree of stress of spinal surgery by measuring the capacity of circulating neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species and the levels of serum cytokines: interleukin(IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Ten male patients underwent spinal surgery. Peripheral blood samples, collected before and after the operation and the next morning, were used for measuring the CL response of neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan and measuring the levels of serum cytokines. The operative stress induced leukocytosis, particularly granulocytosis, and increased serum IL-6 and G-CSF significantly. However, there was no significant change in the luminol-dependent CL response of neutrophils or the levels of serum IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha throughout the experimental period. These results suggest that, at least in the early postoperative period, operative stress does not prime the circulating neutrophils, and thus the CL response of neutrophils is not appropriate to assess the degree of stress of spinal surgery.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of exhaustive exercise on human neutrophils in athletes.

In order to investigate the effect of exercise on the capacity of neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), eight male cross-country skiers underwent maximal exercise. Peripheral blood samples were taken pre-exercise, 0 h, 1 h, and 2 h after finishing maximal exercise. Leukocyte counts significantly increased (p < 0. 05), particularly lymphocytes (p < 0.05), just after the exercise period (0 h) and significantly increased again (p < 0.05), particularly neutrophils (p < 0.05), 2 h after the exercise compared with pre-exercise values. The capacity of isolated neutrophils to produce ROS was assessed by lucigenin (Lg)-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) and luminol (Lm)-dependent CL on stimulation with opsonized zymosan (OZ) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Just after exercise, the LgCL response was not affected, while the response of LmCL mixed with sodium azide, which inhibits catalase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). In addition, just after exercise, the level of serum growth hormone increased significantly (p < 0.05). The serum cortisol level also increased significantly just after and 1 h after exercise (p < 0.05). These data indicated that maximal exercise not only mobilized neutrophils from marginated pools into the circulation, but also caused increased ROS generation.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts: treatment by portal vein embolization.

A rare case of symptomatic, multiple, intrahepatic, portosystemic venous shunts which was treated by portal vein embolization after surgical cannulation is reported. The patient, having suffered from hepatic encephalopathy, improved dramatically after embolization. This method might be the only choice of therapy for intrahepatic portosystemic shunts of this kind.

Embolization, Therapeutic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interaction of citrus juices with pranidipine, a new 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to investigate whether oral co-administration with citrus juices significantly affects the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of pranidipine, a new 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in healthy male subjects. Grapefruit juice and orange juice, which were both commercially available, were used in this study. METHODS: Sixteen healthy male Japanese subjects participated in this study and were divided into two groups for grapefruit juice and orange juice treatment. The study followed an open-labelled crossover design, comparing the effects of a single oral dose of 2 mg pranidipine taken together with 250 ml citrus juice or 250 ml water. Serum pharmacokinetics of pranidipine, adverse reactions, blood pressure, heart rate, 12-lead ECG, haematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis were measured throughout the study. RESULTS: For grapefruit juice, mean Cmax and AUC0-24 h were significantly higher than those of water (P=0.0003 and 0.0005, respectively, ANOVA) with the ratios of log transformed values being 1.50 and 1.74, respectively. There were no differences in tmax and t1/2 between the juice and water treatments. A significant increase in heart rate (P=0.0240, ANOVA with repeated measurements) was observed in the juice treatment whereas there were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two treatments. For orange juice, a small decrease in mean Cmax was observed compared with water (P=0.0218, ANOVA) with the ratio being 0.86, but there was no significant difference in AUC0-24h between the two treatments. No marked differences were observed in tmax and t1/2. Oral pranidipine administration with orange juice did not affect heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures or other parameters for safety evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Oral co-administration with grapefruit juice and pranidipine was associated with increased bioavailability and changed the pharmacodynamics of pranidipine, particularly with regard to heart rate. Orange juice intake with pranidipine did not markedly affect the pharmacokinetics and no clinically significant changes were observed in the pharmacodynamics and safety evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Leiomyoma of the prostate: CT and MR findings.

Pure prostatic leiomyoma is very rare. We report a case of magnetic resonance imaging findings of prostatic leiomyoma. The mass was expansile and had a slightly higher signal intensity than skeletal muscle on T2-weighted images. Normal prostatic glandular tissue could be clearly distinguished from the tumor.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Polyarteritis nodosa of the epididymis.

We describe magnetic resonance imaging findings in a 37-year-old man with a rare entity of isolated polyarteritis nodosa of the epididymis, which correlated well with the histopathologic findings.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis due to benign diseases: immediate and long-term results.

PURPOSE: To clarify the immediate effect and long-term results of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for hemoptysis due to benign diseases and the factors influencing the outcomes. METHODS: One hundred and one patients (aged 34-89 years) received bronchial artery embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles and gelatin sponge for massive or continuing moderate hemoptysis caused by benign pulmonary diseases and resistant to medical treatment. RESULTS: After BAE, bleeding stopped in 94 patients (94%). The immediate effect was unfavorable in cases where feeder vessels were overlooked or the embolization of the intercostal arteries was insufficient. Long-term cumulative hemoptysis nonrecurrence rates after the initial embolization were 77.7% for 1 year and 62.5% for 5 years. In bronchitis (n = 9) and active tuberculosis (n = 4) groups, an excellent (100%) 5-year cumulative nonrecurrence rate was obtained. The rate was lower in groups with pneumonia/abscess/pyothorax (n = 8) or with pulmonary aspergillosis (n = 9) (53.3%, 1-year cumulative nonrecurrence). There were higher incidences of early recurrence among patients with massive hemorrhage or more marked vascularity and systemic artery-pulmonary artery shunt in angiography: however, these trends were not statistically significant CONCLUSIONS: BAE can yield long-term benefit in patients with hemoptysis due to benign diseases. Technical problems in the procedure had an impact on the short-term effect. The degree of hemorrhage or the severity of angiographical findings were not significant factors affecting the outcome. The most significant factor affecting long-term results was whether the inflammation caused by the underlying disease was medically well controlled.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The problem of de novo colorectal carcinoma.

From April 1985 to March 1995, colonoscopy was carried out at our institution in 24,059 patients, 31,800 times in symptomatic and/or asymptomatic average risk persons. 184 submucosal invasive carcinomas were detected. Unlike protruding-type lesion, the depressed-type invades the submucosal layer, even though the size is within 10 mm. The depressed type of invasive carcinoma accounted for 20 lesions, and represented 10.9% (20 of 184) of all the invasive carcinomas. The pit pattern of depressed-type lesions shows a small round pit (type IIIs pit pattern) and that of carcinoma lesions shows the irregular pit and non-structure (type V pit pattern).

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral hemiatrophy caused by multiple developmental venous anomalies involving nearly the entire cerebral hemisphere.

The authors present a case of multiple developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) that involved nearly the entire cerebral hemisphere and that were diagnosed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and selective cerebral angiography. The ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere was mildly atrophic, and there were focal white matter lesions on the MR images. Angiography showed multiple DVAs involving nearly the entire right cerebral hemisphere. We suggest that longstanding venous congestion caused the atrophy and white matter lesions.

Atrophy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Persistent primitive olfactory artery: diagnosis with MR angiography.

We present a case of persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) diagnosed with the aid of magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. The proximal right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) had an extremely long anteroinferomedial course along the ipsilateral olfactory tract, made a hairpin turn posterosuperiorly, and became a normal distal ACA. After reviewing the literature, we considered the proximal segment of this anomalous ACA to be a PPOA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with this anomalous ACA diagnosed with MR angiography.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Supraclinoid carotid dissection in a pediatric patient.

The authors present the case of a 13-year-old boy with a left temporal lobe infarction that developed during a 400-m run. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography showed segmental narrowing of the left supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) and a duplicated left middle cerebral artery (MCA). MR angiographic source images revealed a crescent-shaped left carotid lumen, indicative of a supraclinoid carotid dissection.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

DNase I is present in the chief cells of human and rat stomachs.

The distribution of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) in human and rat stomachs was examined by biochemical, molecular biological and immunohistochemical techniques. By the use of monoclonal anti-human DNase I and polyclonal anti-rat DNase I antibodies, we determined that strong immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm of chief cells of the human fundus and the rat pars glandularis, respectively. High DNase I enzyme activity was detected in tissue homogenates of both human fundus and rat pars glandularis. The presence of DNase I-specific mRNA was verified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the total RNAs extracted from human and rat stomachs. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed gold particles localized in the chief cells, with most labelling in exocrine secretory granules. These results show that the chief cells of human and rat stomach produce DNase I. This is the first report to demonstrate that secretion of DNase I is controlled by the chief cells in human and rat stomachs.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alteration in starch microsphere degradation following contrast angiography in the dog kidney.

Six adult mongrel dogs received bilateral sequential renal arterial injections of degradable starch microspheres following preadministration arteriograms. Renal arterial flow was measured using electromagnetic flow probes, and microspheres were administered until flow was blocked completely. One kidney in each dog was subjected to immediate postembolization arteriography, while the contralateral kidney served as a control. In the control kidneys, arterial flow returned to 90-95% of baseline within 30 minutes of embolization, and angiography at this time revealed a normal nephrogram. Blood flow in the kidneys that received postembolization arteriography returned to only 60-65% of baseline, even when followed up to 1 hour. Angiography at this time revealed persistent defects in the nephrogram. The effect of heparin, Renografin-60, and distilled deionized water on amylase activity was evaluated in vitro. No change in enzyme activity was noted.

Angiography↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors: MR findings.

OBJECTIVE: We report MR findings in three patients with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), which is a recently described benign tumor in childhood or young adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR studies of three patients with surgically proven DNT were reviewed. All cases presented with partial complex seizures. Axial and coronal T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging of the head was performed using a 1.5 T MR unit. T1-weighted imaging after Gd-DTPA was also performed. RESULTS: The tumors were located mainly in the cortical to subcortical area with very little perifocal mass effects on MR imaging. They were essentially hypointense on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintense well-demarcated mass on T2-weighted imaging and retained a thick gyrus-like configuration within the lesions. None of them exhibited contrast enhancement after administration of Gd-DTPA. CONCLUSION: Differentiation of DNT from gangliogliomas or other low grade gliomas is possible using these MR features and is important because DNT does not recur after epilepsy surgery, therefore postoperative radiation and chemotherapy are not needed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Direct evidence of a connection between autotransplanted microvessel fragments and the host microvascular system.

There are no reports on the autologous transplantation and patency of microvessels in living tissue. We autotransplanted microvessel fragments (Mvf) labeled with DiI-Ac-LDL into the peritoneum and then observed the peritoneum for 7 days postoperatively with a conventional fluorescence or laser scanning confocal microscope. We illustrated a neomicrovascular network of transplanted Mvf labeled with DiI-Ac-LDL in the peritoneum with both a fluorescence and a laser scanning confocal microscope. Furthermore, we demonstrated not only the existence of erythrocytes in the lumina of transplanted DiI-Ac-LDL-labeled Mvf, but also the presence of India ink perfused through the superior mesenteric artery in the lumina of the labeled Mvf. This evidence directly suggests that transplanted Mvf can survive and proliferate to connect adjacent microvascular branches of the superior mesenteric artery in the very early phase of wound healing. Moreover, these findings imply that implantation of Mvf in the microvascular ischemic circulatory tissue might accelerate angiogenesis to reconstitute a new microvascular network connecting to the nearby host microvascular system, which ultimately improves microcirculation.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phase II study of 3-hour infusion of paclitaxel in patients with previously untreated stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer. West Japan Lung Cancer Group.

Sixty patients with previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer of stages III and IV were treated with a 210 mg/m2 dose of paclitaxel by means of a 3-hour infusion. The objective response rate was 32% (95% confidence interval, 20-45%): 1 complete response and 18 partial responses. The median duration of response was 15 weeks, and the projected median survival duration of all patients was 30 weeks. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 73% of patients. Other grade 3-4 adverse events included anemia (5%), vomiting/nausea (8%), peripheral edema (2%), alopecia (7%), elevation of AST (2%), peripheral neuropathy (3%), allergic reaction (2%), arthralgia/myalgia (3%), and interstitial pneumonitis (3%). Paclitaxel administered at 210 mg/m2 by means of a 3-hour infusion every 3 weeks demonstrated a notable activity against previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer, with a 32% major response rate. Major toxicity was neutropenia. Hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity, arthralgia/myalgia and cardiac toxicity were mild and easily managed.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Upregulation of cardiac ghrelin mRNA in leptin-deficient and leptin receptor-deficient mice with viral myocarditis.

Expression of cardiac and gastric ghrelin messenger (m) RNA, together with heart and body weights, were measured in leptin-deficient (ob) and leptin receptor-deficient (db) mice with heart failure induced by viral myocarditis. Significant elevations in cardiac ghrelin mRNA levels and heart weight were observed in ob and db mice 10 days after viral inoculation compared with baseline values. Expression of gastric ghrelin mRNA was not upregulated in ob and db mice on day 10. The elevated expression of cardiac ghrelin mRNA seems to compensate for the lack of upregulation in gastric ghrelin mRNA.

Animals↗