Effect of intraportal infusion of adenosine on hepatic blood flow and injury after ischemia and reperfusion of canine liver.
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Adenosine↗
Biomedical subjects
S Kubo
Publications and source records attributed to S Kubo.
Effects of adenosine on dopamine-induced hepatic impairment in the dog model.
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Adenosine↗
Effect of intraportal infusion of adenosine on hepatic blood flow and injury after ischemia and reperfusion of canine liver.
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Adenosine↗
Effects of converting-enzyme inhibition on cardiorenal hemodynamics in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
The role of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiorenal function in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure was investigated. A single oral dose of captopril in 16 patients significantly increased cardiac index and reduced arterial blood pressure and total systemic vascular resistance. These changes were significantly greater in subjects with higher baseline plasma renin activity (PRA). During 7-day captopril therapy, renal plasma flow distinctly increased in 10 patients in whom renal function was followed. The increase found in renal plasma flow was greater in subjects with higher PRA. Yet, the reduction in renal vascular resistance was much greater than that of total systemic vascular resistance, even in patients with lower PRA. Simultaneous infusion of aprotinin in eight of these subjects did not affect the captopril-induced increase in renal plasma flow, despite the suppression of plasma bradykinin levels; these responses were the same in both PRA subgroups. The results suggest that captopril reduces total systemic vascular resistance in patients with chronic congestive heart failure through inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system and that the preferential renal vasodilator effect of captopril might be the sole result of this inhibition, with the kallikrein-kinin system or kinin-mediated prostaglandins not playing a major role.
Adult↗
Principles and mechanisms of bonding with dentin adhesive materials.
This article reviews six dentin bonding agents with regard to composition of the individual components of each of the systems. Adhesion mechanisms are discussed relative to the chemical compounds mediating the bond. Adjunctly, inspection of the bonding sites between the different adhesives and human dentin by scanning electron microscopy elucidates the bonds formed as far as detail reproduction as an indicator for wetting ability or mechanical interlocking.
Composite Resins↗
Enhanced chemiluminescence response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by new quinolone antimicrobials.
Some of the many antimicrobial agents (beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, new quinolones; NQs) were reported to have a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect cooperating with host defense mechanisms including polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). We investigated the effect of new quinolone antimicrobials on chemiluminescence (CL) response of human PMNs. Among many NQs, we chose ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, fleroxacin, sparfloxacin, AM-1155, NM-394, Q-35, Y-26611 and T-3761. Twenty-five or 100 micrograms/ml of fleroxacin and ofloxacin enhanced luminol-dependent CL response of PMNs up to 1.5-2.0 times compared to the drug free condition. Other antimicrobial agents, however, inhibited CL response. This suggested that fleroxacin and ofloxacin were more efficient in the treatment of bacterial infections with respect to the interaction between antimicrobials and PMNs.
Anti-Infective Agents↗
Effect of ebselen on renal scarring in rats following renal infection.
Renal scarring, which occurs following refluxing pyelonephritis, is considered to be involved in the development of reflux nephropathy. Prevention of renal scar formation requires immediate initiation of antimicrobial treatment; treatment delay results in renal scarring. We demonstrate that Ebselen, an antioxidant agent, given at a dose of 15 mg/kg twice a day prevents renal scarring in rats following direct renal parenchymal bacterial inoculation. In addition, using an ascending pyelonephritis model, which clinically resembles refluxing pyelonephritis in humans, we show that when initiation of antimicrobial treatment was delayed, coadministration of Ebselen prevents renal scar formation. These results show that Ebselen is effective in preventing renal scarring and suggest that the clinical use of this drug may prevent renal scar formation following pyelonephritis and progression to reflux nephropathy.
Animals↗
Fleroxacin enhancement of superoxide production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes: the role of protein kinases.
New quinolone (NQ) antimicrobials may influence the functions of polymorphonuclear leukocyes (PMNs). Fleroxacin (FLRX), one of the newer NQs which has a long half-life in blood and a strong bactericidal effect, was examined for its influence on superoxide production by PMNs. Augmentation of superoxide production by PMNs when stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was observed following the addition of 25, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/ml of FLRX. In addition, the effects of staurosporine and H-7, inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), and of genistein, a tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor, on FLRX-enhanced superoxide production were examined. Superoxide production augmented by FLRX was diminished by the addition of staurosporine and H-7, when PMNs were stimulated with PMA, and by the addition of genistein, when PMNs were stimulated with fMLP. These results suggest that FLRX augments superoxide production by PMNs through enhancing the activities of phosphorylation by PKC or TK within the signal transduction pathway in PMNs.
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
Enhanced effects of combined bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (TJ-41) and interleukin-18 on the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Co-stimulatory molecules play important roles in immune responses. We investigated the effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (TJ-41) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), B7.1 and B7.2 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by interleukin-18 (IL-18) using fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. TJ-41 increased IL-18-induced ICAM-1 and B7.2 expression, resulting in enhanced production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. These results suggest that TJ-41 enhances IL-18-induced cell-mediated immunity and may enhance host defence mechanisms against pathogens.
Antigens, CD↗
Relationship of polyamine metabolism to degree of malignancy of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
We investigated polyamine metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with respect to tumor volume doubling time, degree of differentiation, and prevalence of portal invasion and intrahepatic metastasis. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the spermidine/spermine ratio were correlated with tumor volume doubling time. ODC activity was higher in moderately and poorly differentiated HCC than in well-differentiated HCC. The prevalence of portal invasion and intrehapatic metastasis was higher in patients with high ODC activities. We conclude that polyamine metabolism in HCC estimates the degree of malignancy.
Adult↗
Immunocytochemical detection of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) in choroid plexus papilloma: a possible marker for differential diagnosis.
BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) has been detected in the choroid plexus of animals by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and this factor is thought to play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). Little is known, however, about the presence and localization of this substance in the choroid plexus and in choroid plexus papilloma in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 5 normal choroid plexus and 10 choroid plexus papillomas were examined for IGF-II by immunocytochemistry. IGF-II was not detected in normal human choroid plexus, whereas it was found in choroid plexus papilloma. Furthermore, to assess the possibility that IGF-II could serve as an immunohistological marker of choroid plexus papilloma, we used the same technique to examine paraffin-embedded samples from various kinds of brain tumors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that IGF-II may be a useful marker for choroid plexus papilloma in differential diagnosis.
Adolescent↗
Risk factors for and clinical findings of liver abscess after biliary-intestinal anastomosis.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Aggressive treatment for malignancy of the biliary tract has resulted in an increased incidence of pyogenic liver abscess. We retrospectively studied risk factors for and clinical findings of the liver abscess. METHODOLOGY: The subjects were 45 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (group A), 38 patients who underwent liver resection with biliary-intestinal anastomosis (group B), and 55 patients who underwent biliary-intestinal anastomosis alone (group C) during the past 13 years. We retrospectively studied risk factors by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Liver abscess occurred in 6 patients in group A and 4 in group B. No patient developed liver abscess in group C. The incidence of liver abscess was significantly higher in groups A and B than in group C (p = 0.0068 and p = 0.0253, respectively). The incidence was significantly higher in patients who underwent anastomosis with subsegmental bile ducts (p = 0.0264). The incidence was significantly higher in patients with vascular reconstruction (p = 0.0254). Abscess or biliary drainage and administration of antibiotics were performed. Five patients died secondary to multiple organ failure. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatoduodenectomy or liver resection with biliary-intestinal anastomosis, anastomosis with subsegmental bile ducts, and vascular reconstruction are risk factors for refractory liver abscesses after biliary-intestinal anastomosis.
Adult↗
High prevalence of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatitis B and C viruses are closely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. We studied the prevalence of infection with either virus in patients with this cancer by examination of sera and tumor tissue. METHODOLOGY: Serum samples obtained before treatment from 330 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were assayed for antibodies against hepatitis C virus and against hepatitis B surface and core antigen. Tumor tissues from 65 patients were examined for hepatitis B virus RNA. RESULTS: Of the 330 patients, 87 had anti-hepatitis C alone; 161 had anti-hepatitis C and anti-hepatitis B (core); 13 had anti-hepatitis C and anti-hepatitis B (surface); 39 had anti-hepatitis B (surface) alone; and, 19 had anti-hepatitis B (core) alone. Eleven patients had none of these. Hepatitis B virus genes were detected in tumor tissue in all 13 patients with anti-surface antibody, in 21 of 30 patients with anti-core antibody, and in 9 of 22 patients without hepatitis B antibodies. Viral genes were detected in tumor tissue in 5 of 11 patients with neither B nor C virus markers in their sera; viral markers were found in either serum or tumor tissue in 324 of 330 patients (98.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hepatitis B or C virus infection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan is extremely high. The prevalence of co-infection with both viruses is also high.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Efficacy of major hepatic resection for large hepatocellular carcinoma.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: A large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally carries a poor prognosis despite curative hepatic resection. However, some cases have had good outcomes without recurrences. In this study, we investigated the factors which predicted a good prognosis. METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six patients with large HCC greater than 5 cm who underwent curative hepatic resections were divided into two groups. There were 55 patients who had recurrences within 5 years after surgery (group A) and 11 patients who did not have recurrences at the fifth year after surgery (group B). We compared the clinicopathological features between the two groups. RESULTS: No differences were seen in the pre-operative liver function tests and the incidence of histological cirrhosis. The incidence of positive rate of histological recurrence factors, such as intrahepatic metastasis and incomplete surgical margins, was significantly less in group B. Five (45%) and 10 (91%) of 11 patients in group B underwent pre-operative portal vein embolization and major hepatic resection, respectively, while 10 (18%) and 29 (53%) of 55 patients in group A underwent these procedures (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In order to increase tumor-free survival rates for patients with large HCC greater than 5 cm, major hepatic resection after portal vein embolization with complete surgical margins should be performed.
Aged↗
Serum endothelin-1 and hepatocyte growth factor levels in patients with obstructive jaundice.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, is known to modulate changes in local circulation. Additionally, hepatocyte growth factor, a potent mitogen for hepatocytes, is increased in various liver diseases. The present study examined changes in serum endothelin-1 and hepatocyte growth factor levels in patients with obstructive jaundice before and after percutaneous transhepatic cholangio drainage. METHODOLOGY: Endothelin-1 and hepatocyte growth factor levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sera from 16 patients with obstructive jaundice before and after percutaneous transhepatic cholangio drainage. RESULTS: Serum endothelin-1 levels decreased rapidly in the good bilirubin decrease group after biliary drainage. Endothelin-1 levels decreased 1 week after drainage but then increased gradually in the worse bilirubin decrease group. Serum hepatocyte growth factor levels decreased gradually after biliary drainage, and were higher in the worse bilirubin decrease group than in the good bilirubin decrease group throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that endothelin-1 may be associated with the microcirculatory disturbance in obstructive jaundice and prolonged cholestasis. Measurement of hepatocyte growth factor levels in patients with obstructive jaundice before percutaneous transhepatic cholangio drainage may be an early clinical predictor of the subsequent rate of decrease of the serum bilirubin concentration.
Adult↗
Adenomyoma of the common bile duct.
An unusual case of adenomyoma of the common bile duct is reported. A 31 year-old woman with intermittent epigastralgia was found to have cholestasis and stenosis of the common bile duct. A malignant tumor could not be excluded. Resection of the common bile duct with the tumor was performed with choledochojejunostomy reconstruction. The tumor consisted of glandular hyperplasia and proliferation of smooth muscle fibers and fibrous connective tissue. The patient was well at the 30-month follow-up. Although the benign tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts are rare, the clinical importance lies in the recognition that they can cause biliary tract obstruction. Intra-operative frozen section for histologic examination is required to make the diagnosis and plan the surgical procedure. Complete extirpation of the lesion is recommended. A radical operation is not necessary.
Adenomyoma↗
Perforated duodenal diverticulum: report of two cases.
Duodenal diverticula may be complicated by diverticulitis, perforation, hemorrhage, pancreatitis, or biliary obstruction. Two cases of perforated duodenal diverticulum are reported. Both patients were elderly females. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed retroperitoneal air around the duodenum in the first case, and an enterolith in a duodenal diverticulum and a retroperitoneal abscess in the second case. Laparotomy and diverticulectomy with two-layer closure of the duodenum was performed in the first case. The second patient was treated conservatively with antibiotics, percutaneous abscess drainage, and endoscopic lithotomy. Both recovered well. Computed tomography is useful in the diagnosis of a perforated duodenal diverticulum. Although surgical intervention is the standard treatment, conservative therapy is also an option. Duodenal enteroliths are rare but may cause perforation of a diverticulum or biliary obstruction. The duodenal blind loop created by a Billroth II gastrectomy provides a static environment for the formation of enteroliths in duodenal diverticula.
Abdominal Abscess↗
Right hepatic lobectomy for recurrent cholangitis after bile duct and hepatic artery injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: report of a case.
A patient is reported who required a right hepatic lobectomy for recurrent cholangitis due to injury of the major bile ducts and the right hepatic artery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A 39 year-old woman with acute cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A laparotomy was performed due to a bile duct injury at the hepatic bifurcation. After surgery, she suffered from recurrent cholangitis due to inadequate biliary reconstruction. A right hepatic lobectomy and reconstruction of the left hepatic duct was required because of right hepatic lobe atrophy and recurrent cholangitis. After the 2nd operation, she was active and exhibited no evidence of recurrence at 22 months.
Acute Disease↗