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Biomedical subjects

S Kubo

Publications and source records attributed to S Kubo.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of captopril on arterial and venous pressure, renal function, and humoral factors in severe chronic congestive heart failure.

The effects of captopril in several humoral factors were studied to elucidate the role of the renin-angiotensin (RA) system in arterial and venous pressures and renal function in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure. A single oral dose of captopril in 20 subjects reduced mean arterial blood pressure from 77 to 67 mm Hg; this decrease correlated with baseline plasma renin activity (PRA). The increase in PRA and the decrease in plasma aldosterone levels after captopril were much greater in subjects with higher PRA. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels decreased, while those of epinephrine did not change. Peripheral venous pressure declined from 107 to 77 mm H2O; this decrease correlated with the change in NE levels. During 7-day captopril therapy, urine volume and sodium excretion increased (1145 to 1136 ml/day and 76 to 94 mEq/day) in 11 subjects in whom renal function was followed. Renal plasma flow (RPF) rose from 237 to 364 ml/min, while glomerular filtration rate did not change; the filtration fraction decreased from 32% to 23%. Simultaneous infusion of aprotinin in six of the subjects did not affect the captopril-induced increase in RPF, despite the suppression of plasma bradykinin levels. These results suggest that captopril reduces arterial blood pressure in patients with high PRA through inhibition of the RA system and dilates veins by attenuation of sympathetic nervous activity. Increased RPF and urinary sodium excretion induced by captopril might result from inhibition of the RA system; the kallikrein-kinin system or bradykinin-mediated prostaglandins do not appear to play a major role.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of antigenicity of toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum type C and D strains.

C1 neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum strains C-Stockholm (C-ST), C beta-Yoichi, C-468, CD6F, and C-CB19 and type D toxin of strains D-1873 and D-CB16 were purified by gel filtration, ion exchange, and affinity chromatographies. The purified toxins had di-chain structure made of heavy and light chains. The toxins of C beta-Yoichi, C-468, CD6F, and C-CB19 reacted with anti-C-ST heavy chain and anti-C-ST light chain in immunodiffusion tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas D-CB16 toxin reacted with anti-D-1873 heavy chain and anti-D-1873 light chain. However, C-6813 toxin reacted with anti-D-1873 heavy chain and anti-C-ST light chain but not with anti-C-ST heavy chain or anti-D-1873 light chain immunoglobulin G. These results indicate common antigens in the heavy chains of C-6813 and D-1873 toxins and in the light chains of C-6813 and C-ST toxins. Further, they provide evidence for heterogeneity within type C1 toxin subunits.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Analysis of antigenicity of Clostridium botulinum type C1 and D toxins by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.

Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin was purified from C-Stockholm (C-ST), and D toxin was purified from D-1873 and D-South African. Polyclonal antibodies against these toxins were prepared in rabbits. Twenty-eight monoclonal antibodies to these toxins were also prepared with BALB/c myeloma cells. The antibodies were analyzed by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a toxin neutralization test. ELISA was performed with the three purified toxins and heavy-chain (Hc) and light-chain (Lc) components derived from C-ST and D-1873 toxins. A neutralization test was carried out with 11 toxin preparations (7 from type C and 4 from type D cultures). ELISA results indicated that there exists at least one common antigenic determinant on each of the Hc and Lc components of the three purified toxins. The results of the neutralization test also indicated that type C1 and D toxin preparations contain several common antigenic sites in their molecules. Some are common to toxins from several specific cultures, whereas others are common to toxins from a large number of cultures. It was speculated that toxins from two type C strains are composed of Hc and Lc components which are somewhat similar to those of D-1873 and C-ST toxins, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase system in testis: localization and endogenous substrates.

The presence and localization in pig and rat testes of phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PL-Ca-PK) and its substrates were investigated. PL-Ca-PK activity was found in the testis total particulate fraction and epididymal fluid, but little in the testis total particulate fraction and epididymal fluid, but little in the testis cytosol and matured spermatozoa obtained from the epididymis. Similarly, at least three endogenous substrates (83,000, 33,000, and 26,000) and five substrates (greater than 100,000, 83,000, 60,000, 43,000, and 19,000) for PL-Ca-PK were detected in the testis total particulate fraction and the epididymal fluid, respectively, but little or no substrates were observed in the testis cytosol and matured spermatozoa. The three substrates detected in the total particulate fraction were also observed in the testis nuclear fraction. In rat testis, PL-Ca-PK activity was detected in the total particulate fraction of germ cells. The results suggested that PL-Ca-PK system might be important in membrane- or subcellular organellar-associated functions in testis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in secretory activity of tracheal submucosal glands by repeated treatment with brovanexine and BR-227 in rats].

The effects of brovanexine (BvX) and BR-227 on sectetory activities of tracheal submucosal glands (SG) including behavior of mucus glycoproteins in the cells were investigated. BvX, BR-227 or bromhexine (BH) was given repeatedly at a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg p.o. a day, to rats for 1, 3, 7 or 14 days. Then, the trachea was excised and drug effects were determined according to our histological/histochemical technique. The outer diameter of the acini of SG did not change, but the inner diameter markedly increased by the drug given for 3-14 days. The ratio of the acinar inner diameter to the tracheal wall thickness (AIWR) was increased with the 3, 7, and 14 day treatments with BvX or BR-227 at a dose of 10 mg/kg a day. On the other hand, these drugs at a dose of 20 mg/kg a day caused an increase in AIWR when drug was given for 1-14 days. BH (10 mg/kg a day)-induced increase in AIWR was shown when drug was administered for 7 and 14 days. The number of SG cells stained blue with alcian blue (pH 2.5)/periodic acid-Schiff decreased with the 1, 3, 7 and 14 day treatments, and a part of SG cells became red with the 7- and 14-day treatments. There was no significant difference in the effects among the three drugs both qualitatively and quantitatively. These findings indicate that repeated treatments with BvX and BR-227 have an effective secretagogic action on SG, and in addition, a mucolytic action toward acid glycoprotein in granules of the cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical studies on topical hemostat Avitene in urological surgery].

Avitene (Microfibrillar Collagen Hemostat) is a new absorbable topical hemostatic agent, of which action mechanisms are platelet entrapment and activation of platelet clotting factors. It was used clinically on 11 patients for bleeding during urological surgery; bleeding from renal beds, resectional surfaces of kidney, urethras and floor of the pelvis, prostatic capsule and renal pelvis. The patients were 9 males and 2 females aged from 30 to 71 years old. Avitene was applied directly to the source of bleeding in a dry condition after the treatment of large vessel hemostasis. Pressure was applied to the area, and after 3 to 5 minutes, the excess of this material was removed. Avitene was successful in rapidly controlling bleeding in all the patients. No patient had secondary bleeding and complications attributed to the use of this material. This study indicates that Avitene is very effective as a topical hemostatic agent, particularly in urological surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[A case of cervical intramedullary neurenteric cyst].

A case of cervical intramedullary neurenteric cyst was reported. A 12-year-old girl was admitted with severe pain over the nape and shoulders, and weakness of all extremities. At the age of 4 years, she had suffered from the nape pain and paraparesis which, however, cleared later spontaneously. Neurological examination revealed evidences of presumptive cervical intramedullary lesion, and myelography showed a complete block at the third cervical level accordingly. Surgical exploration through C3-C5 laminectomy disclosed an intramedullary cyst situated within the right half of the cord. The cyst was removed except for its upper and lower apices. Excellent clinical results followed the operation. The cyst was composed of collagen fibers with an inner epithelial lining, which consisted of single or pseudostratified layer of columnar, cuboidal or squamous cells. Cells were ciliated at some parts. The base of the epithelial cells rested upon the basement membrane. Nuclei were positioned near the base of the cells, to present a row. The cytoplasm in the majority of cells contained abundant mucin positive to PAS staining. Pathological diagnosis of neurenteric cyst was made on the basis of these histological findings. Usually intraspinal neurenteric cyst is located in the subarachnoid space and ventrally to the spinal cord. Neurenteric cyst appears histologically similar to ependymal cyst, though, in the latter the epithelial cells seldom contain mucin, and only in scanty amount, if any present. Embryogenesis during the third week of embryonic life was discussed in relation to the development of neurenteric cyst.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Pharmacological effects of brovanexine hydrochloride (BR-222) on the respiratory tract system, particularly on the respiratory tract fluid, mucociliary transport and cough].

Pharmacological effects of brovanexine hydrochloride (BR-222), a new expectorant, on the respiratory tract system was studied in comparison with that of bromhexine hydrochloride. 1. When doses ranging from 5 to 40 mg/kg of BR-222 were given orally (p.o.) or intraduodenally (i.d.) to rats, rabbits and dogs, it caused a significant increase in the output volume of respiratory tract fluid (RTF). It was almost as potent as bromhexine, but its pattern of increasing RTF was different from that of bromhexine. The increase in the serous ingredient of RTF after BR-222 administration seemed to be more remarkable than that after bromhexine treatment, though both drugs had no influences on the component ratio of glucose or protein in the RTF of dogs. 2. BR-222 at 10 and 20 mg/kg (i.d.) showed a tendency to reduce the viscosity of RTF in anesthetized dogs and so did bromhexine. A dose of 10 mg/kg (i.d.) of BR-222 also showed a tendency to reduce the viscosity of sputum obtained from the SO2-exposed rabbits. 3. A dose of 6 mg/kg (i.m.) of BR-222 caused a significant increase in the mucociliary transport rate in unanesthetized pigeons; in contrast with this, bromhexine caused a slight decrease. 4. Both drugs given orally showed no antitussive effects when examined by the "coughing dog" method.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Purification and properties of cyclic nucleotide-independent phosvitin kinase from pig testis.

Cyclic nucleotide-independent and Ca2+-independent phosvitin kinase was purified from pig testis to apparent homogeneity by DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-200 chromatography, followed by subsequent DEAE-cellulose chromatography and phosvitin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was homogeneous by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it consisted of two polypeptides with molecular weights of 92000 (alpha) and 84000 (beta), which were present in the ratio of 1:2. Molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated at 240000 by gel chromatography on Sepharose 6B, suggesting that the enzyme consists of alpha beta 2. The enzyme had maximal activity with phosvitin as the substrate. Casein was less active than phosvitin. Histone, protamine and myosin light-chains were practically ineffective. The enzyme possessed no ability to autophosphorylate. The apparent Km values were 7.4 microM for phosvitin, 65 microM for ATP and 0.6 mM for Mg2+. Vmax was 2.16 mumol/min per mg. The enzyme was inhibited by ammonium sulfate and heparin, and it was not affected by the addition of cyclic nucleotides and Ca2+ with calmodulin or phospholipid.

Animals↗