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S Kubo

Publications and source records attributed to S Kubo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Eribulin versus taxane as first-line chemotherapy combined with dual HER2 blockade in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: final survival outcomes of the JBCRG-M06/EMERALD study.

BACKGROUND: The phase III JBCRG-M06/EMERALD study was the first to show noninferior progression-free survival (PFS) of eribulin to taxane, combined with dual human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) blockade (trastuzumab plus pertuzumab), as a first-line treatment for HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer or metastatic breast cancer (LABC/MBC). We report final survival outcomes and biomarker analyses of the EMERALD trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with HER2-positive LABC/MBC were randomly assigned 1:1 to either eribulin or physician-choice taxane (docetaxel or paclitaxel), both combined with trastuzumab plus pertuzumab, as first-line chemotherapy. PFS and overall survival (OS) were assessed through 30 June 2023 for PFS and 31 December 2024 for OS. Survival outcomes were compared between the eribulin and taxane groups and according to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection of PIK3CA mutations (PIK3CAm+; E542K, E545K, H1047R, and N345K single nucleotide variants) or HER2 amplification (HER2 amp+; ERBB2 copy number >2.5). RESULTS: Median OS was 78.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 64.3-not reached (NR)] for eribulin and was NR for taxane, with a hazard ratio of 1.25 (95% CI 0.92-1.71, log-rank P = 0.19). The 60-month OS rates were 59.7% and 65.2% for eribulin and taxane, respectively. Median OS and 60-month OS rates were numerically lower in ctDNA PIK3CAm+ patients, and greater in ctDNA HER2 amp+ patients for all patients and with stratification by treatment group. There were no statistical interactions between treatment group with either ctDNA PIK3CAm or ctDNA HER2 amp status. Similar patterns were observed for PFS. CONCLUSION: Final survival analysis revealed that median OS exceeded 6 years with eribulin or physician-choice taxane, combined with trastuzumab plus pertuzumab, as first-line chemotherapy for HER2-positive LABC/MBC, with no significant differences between the two groups. ctDNA PIK3CAm+ status was a poor prognostic factor. ctDNA HER2 amp+ was associated with longer survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The strain-dependent constitutive expression of murine serum amyloid-P component is regulated at the transcriptional level.

The strain-dependent expression of murine serum amyloid P-component (SAP) has been known to be linked to the Sap locus. We have quantified the SAP mRNA in several inbred strains including DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice which represent high and low producers of SAP at resting state, respectively, and found that the mRNA levels correlated well with the amount of SAP protein. Interestingly, the SAP mRNA level of F1 mouse between DBA/2 and C57BL/6 was low and similar to that of C57BL/6. Primer extension and ribonuclease (RNAase) protection analyses demonstrated that a single type of transcript was generated from the SAP gene and that the cap sites were identical regardless mouse strains tested under unstimulated and stimulated (by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-6 (IL-6)) conditions. To investigate possible structural difference of the SAP gene including 5' flanking region, we have cloned, sequenced and compared the SAP genes from DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice. Sequence analyses revealed that the 5' flanking regulatory regions, as well as the coding regions, were well-conserved between the two strains. These results demonstrate that the strain-dependent SAP expression occurs at the transcriptional level but seems to be affected by neither different type of the transcripts nor structural difference of the 5' flanking and coding regions of the SAP gene. It was suggested that a possible transcription factor with suppressive activity, which is encoded by a gene linked to Sap, may be involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Measurements of CSF biochemical tumor markers in patients with meningeal carcinomatosis and brain tumors.

CSF beta-glucuronidase, polyamines and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were analyzed in 16 patients with meningeal carcinomatosis from solid tumor in systemic organs, 27 with benign brain lesions, 18 with primary brain tumors, 14 with metastatic brain tumors and 5 with leptomeningeal dissemination of other malignant diseases. Beta-glucuronidase levels in all cases of meningeal carcinomatosis, meningeal gliomatosis and meningeal lymphoma were higher than 100 micrograms/dl/hr; on the other hand, levels in all cases of benign brain lesions were below 100 micrograms/dl/hr. Levels of beta-glucuronidase and polyamines were not high in the cases with positive cytology after tumor resection. Polyamine levels were below 0.05 nmol/ml in all cases after resection of the metastatic brain tumor. Cystic fluid of malignant tumors showed high levels of beta-glucuronidase and polyamines. On the other hand, the levels of polyamines in the cystic fluid of benign tumor were low, although the levels of beta-glucuronidase were high. Some cases of meningeal carcinomatosis with high levels of serum CEA did not show high levels of CSF CEA. For metastatic brain tumors, the cases with intraparenchymal tumors, especially with dural attachment showed high levels of beta-glucuronidase and CEA preoperatively, but they returned to normal after surgery. In cases of meningeal carcinomatosis treated by intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate (MTX) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), CSF beta-glucuronidase reflected the neurological status better than the cell count decreased rapidly following chemotherapy and beta-glucuronidase was considered as a useful CSF marker in cases of meningeal carcinomatosis to monitor the course of the disease. The same situation was observed in CSF CEA and CEA was also considered as a useful marker when CEA levels in CSF are higher than those in serum.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis and treatment of patients with meningeal carcinomatosis.

The records of thirty-four patients with meningeal carcinomatosis treated at our hospital between 1984 and 1990 were reviewed. The sources, histologies, metastatic lesions outside the central nervous system, the history of the treatment of primary lesions and intraparenchymal of metastatic brain tumors and the period from the diagnosis of primary lesions and the treatment of intraparenchymal metastatic brain tumors to the diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis were investigated. Meningeal carcinomatosis was diagnosed and by neurological signs, CSF cytology, CT scan and MRI. Each patient was given a 5 mg single dose of methotrexate (MTX) alone or combined with 20 mg cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) administered by intrathecal injection via an Ommaya reservoir and standard lumbar puncture with or without radiotherapy. Following intrathecal chemotherapy 22 of 29 patients showed symptomatic improvement of meningeal irritation and in 10 of 29 patients with cranial nerve impairment amelioration of symptoms was also observed. Moreover, CSF cytology became negative in 10 of 29 patients after a full course of intrathecal chemotherapy. Neurotoxicity Leukoencephalopathy, a neurotoxic effect of intrathecal chemotherapy was not observed in any of the patients. From these results, MTX in small doses is recommended for intrathecal chemotherapy of meningeal carcinomatosis to prevent neurotoxicity.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Participation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the drug sensitivity in human lung cancer cell lines.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase has been generally assumed to be involved in DNA repair. The level of the enzyme in various lung cancer cell lines was examined to determine if it is involved in drug resistance. Among nine cell lines of lung cancer tested, small-cell lung cancer lines, which showed higher sensitivity to cisplatin and etoposide, were unexpectedly found to contain significantly higher poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity than five non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. This activity inversely correlated with IC50 values of lung cancer cell lines to etoposide, an inhibitor of topoisomerase II. The polymerase activity was also examined in several cisplatin-resistant variants of the cell lines. However, no difference was observed between parental and cisplatin-resistant cells. There was no significant relation between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity and IC50 values for cisplatin and carboplatin. Although this enzyme was considered to play some role in the resistance to specific drugs, it might not be a critical factor in cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of hepatic density change by dynamic CT in healthy humans and in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Dynamic computed tomography using 0.4 ml/kg of 65% meglumine diatrizoate was performed to estimate pharmacokinetics of contrast media in the liver in healthy controls (N = 11), in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (N = 17), posthepatic liver cirrhosis (N = 21), and alcoholic liver cirrhosis (N = 23). The time of peak enhancement (the time interval between peak aortic and liver enhancement) was significantly different between each group. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis was the most prolonged, followed by posthepatic liver cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, and finally controls. A peak enhancement time of 28 sec had a diagnostic accuracy of 97% for chronic liver diseases. A time greater than 44 sec had a diagnostic accuracy for cirrhosis of 96%. The decay time (the time from peak enhancement of the liver to the curve's center of gravity) was also significantly different between each group. Again, alcoholic liver cirrhosis was the longest, followed by posthepatic liver cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, and then the controls. Dynamic computed tomography has many potential applications in studying intrahepatic physiologic events and may contain diagnostic information for chronic liver diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Steroidal saponins from Smilax riparia and S. china.

Two new neotigogenin glycosides were isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Smilax riparia and a new isonarthogenin glycoside from those of S. china. The structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analysis and hydrolysis followed by spectral and chromatographic analysis. Several known saponins were also isolated and identified. The inhibitory activity of the saponins on cAMP phosphodiesterase was examined.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1992

Steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Smilax sieboldii.

Six new steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax sieboldii. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and hydrolysis to be 3 beta-hydroxy-(25R)-5 alpha-spirostan-6-one (laxogenin) 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1- ---6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, laxogenin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3 beta,27-dihydroxy-(25S)-5 alpha-spirostan-6-one 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1- ---6)]- beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3 beta,22 xi,26-trihydroxy-(25R)-5 alpha-furostan-6-one 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3 beta,22 xi,26-trihydroxy-(25R)-5 alpha-furostan-6- one 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1- ---6)]- beta-D-glucopyranoside and (25R)-5 alpha-spirostan-3 beta-ol (tigogenin) 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- (1----6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase by the saponins was evaluated.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1992

Shifting of dural arteriovenous malformation from the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid sinus to the transverse sinus after transvenous embolization. A case of left spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistula.

The angiographic features of left spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistula and multiple dural arteriovenous malformations that developed after transvenous embolization are described. A dural arteriovenous malformation involving the left sigmoid sinus was demonstrated, along with a marked decrease in size of the left carotid-cavernous sinus fistula and the disappearance of venous drainage from the left cavernous to the right cavernous sinus after embolization with spring coils via the left superior ophthalmic vein. The dural arteriovenous malformation of the left sigmoid sinus subsequently extended to the transverse sinus after partial embolization of the sigmoid sinus. Finally, a dural arteriovenous malformation involving the left transverse sinus developed, with the disappearance of the arteriovenous malformation affecting the sigmoid sinus and left carotid-cavernous sinus fistula following complete embolization of the sigmoid sinus via the left transverse sinus.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Expression and structure of serum gp70 as an acute phase protein in NZB mice.

A cDNA corresponding to a serum gp70 synthesized as an acute phase protein in mouse hepatocytes was cloned and analyzed. This cloned cDNA had the characteristics of an endogenous xenotropic murine leukemia virus. Synthesized oligo-DNA specific for this cDNA reacted strongly with liver RNA derived from NZB mice injected with LPS as a trigger of an acute phase inflammatory response. There was also low level of gp70 in the kidney in response to LPS injection. The LTR structure of the cDNA showed that this clone is the immediate precursor of an infectious xenotropic virus in the proposed evolutionary scheme of murine leukemia virus.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland: sonographic findings.

We report high resolution sonographic (7.5 MHz) findings in four cases of undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Sonographic findings in these four cases included poorly marginated, hypoechoic masses associated with calcifications, and invasion of adjacent cervical structures. A knowledge of the sonographic features of undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland is of clinical importance, since the tumour has a grave prognosis, quite different from the relatively favourable prognosis of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of Gomisin A (TJN-101) on liver regeneration.

We studied the effect of TJN-101, a lignan component of Schisandra fruits (Schisandrae fructus), on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. TJN-101 was given orally to male Wistar rats 30 min before partial hepatectomy. The mitotic index and the level of DNA synthesis increased after partial hepatectomy and their increase was significantly enhanced by TJN-101. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity increased in the early stages of liver regeneration and it was also significantly enhanced by TJN-101. Besides, TJN-101 enhanced the increase in hepatic putrescine. These results suggest that TJN-101 stimulates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy by enhancing ODC activity, which is an important biochemical event in the early stages of liver regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

An asthmatic death while under Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion treatment.

A 29-year-old Japanese man with bronchial asthma died while undergoing Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. The autopsy findings of the lungs were compatible with a diagnosis of severe asthma. Further, on immunohistochemical examination, hypoxic brain damage and an unusual distribution of pulmonary surfactant were found. In contrast, only minor hemorrhages in the right semispinal muscle and round-shaped bruises were seen as a result of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. Thus, it was concluded that the man had died from a severe asthmatic attack.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1992

Unexpected racemization of proline or hydroxy-proline phenacyl ester during coupling reactions with Boc-amino acids.

When L-proline or O-benzyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline phenacyl ester was coupled with Boc-amino acids in dimethylformamide using water-soluble carbodiimide (WSCI) in the presence of anhydrous 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) as coupling reagents, extensive racemization was observed at the C alpha of the proline or hydroxy-proline residue. The extent of racemization was measured by HPLC after the coupling with Boc-L-Leu-OH in the presence or absence of HOBt. The extent of racemization increased when HOBt was added to the reaction mixture, but greatly decreased when it was not, indicating that HOBt was needed for inducing racemization. Almost no racemization was observed when the coupling reaction was carried out by the mixed anhydride procedure in tetrahydrofuran or by the carbodiimide method in dichloromethane without using HOBt. In the case of coupling reactions with ordinary L-amino acid phenacyl esters, no racemization was observed. Examination of some model systems yielded sufficient evidence to prove that HOBt is an efficient catalyst for racemizing proline or hydroxy-proline phenacyl ester not only in the stage of cyclic intermediate formation but also in the opening of the ring structure. Thus, the racemization reaction was found to be closely related to the formation of the cyclic carbinol-amine derivative.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1992

Effect on dentinal adhesives on marginal adaptation and cavity sealing with resin restorations in vitro.

In a companion article in this issue and a previous article in this journal, two experimental enamel dentin adhesive systems were evaluated and compared with four commercially available resin bonding agents by SEM investigation of the tooth adhesive interfaces and by determination of bond strengths to enamel and dentin under various conditions. In continuation of these screening investigations, the present article describes the results of cavity tests for assessment of marginal adaptation by measurement of gap dimensions, and of cavity sealing by rating of microleakage, when standardized dentin cavities were treated with the adhesive restorative systems. Both tests resulted in the same ranking of the six materials. Gluma, Clearfil Photo Bond, and two experimental compounds showed very narrow gaps and moderate microleakage. In contrast, Prisma Universal Bond 2 (the material has been replaced in the market by Prisma Universal Bond 3) and Scotchbond 2 showed significantly wider marginal gaps and more pronounced microleakage. Final discrimination between the efficacy of adhesive restorative materials by any of the currently used in vitro tests is disputable and prediction of long-term clinical performance by laboratory test data remains questionable.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1992

Comparative in vitro evaluation of recent enamel and dentin adhesive materials.

In this in vitro study, two experimental and four commercially available enamel-dentin bonding agents are characterized by shear bond strengths to human teeth following storage of the specimens for 2 minutes, 15 minutes, and 24 hours, respectively, or after stressing of the bonds by 5000 thermal cycles between 5 degrees and 55 degrees C. It is assumed that the experimental compounds are clinically adequate materials to mediate long-term retention of resin restorations placed without reliance on mechanical undercuts. The limitations of such in vitro strength data regarding clinical performance are discussed and emphasized.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Studies on the antibiotic transfer into the bile of canines with different bile duct pressures.

There have been many studies on the transport of antibiotics into the bile; however, these studies have not taken the bile duct pressure into consideration. The bile duct pressure of the patient with acute obstructive cholangitis is high, and after drainage of the bile, the pressure is not always decreased to the normal range. We studied the effects of the bile duct pressure on the antibiotic (flomoxef sodium) transfer into the bile using beagles after creating the model of acute obstructive cholangitis. Our results showed that sufficient bile flow after drainage is important for the antibiotic transport, and, moreover, the bile acid concentration which may be related to the bilirubin concentration is also highly considerable.

Animals↗