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Biomedical subjects

S Kraft

Publications and source records attributed to S Kraft.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Lesions of zone II flexor tendons: splints and rehabilitation].

Rehabilitation of the hand after flexor tendon injuries in zone 2 is a challenge for both surgeons and therapists. Prevention of adherences is based on early controlled motion programs. Two different and therefore often complementary protocols are presented: 1. Kleinert: an active extension--passive flexion method; 2. Duran: a controlled passive method, as well as the splints required at this early stage of reeducation. The angles of flexion for the wrist and the metacarpal joints are discussed. When the splint is removed, active exercises and activities are proposed according to the interval from the operation and up to return to work. Static splints used to promote analytic movements, and dynamic ones used against stiffness are shown. Treatment of scar is also demonstrated.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1991

The development of optokinetic nystagmus in strabismic and monocularly enucleated subjects.

Assymmetries of monocular optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) following anomalous visual experience are thought to be due to disruption at the cortical level. Visual disruption usually results from eye suture (in animals), unilateral dense and central cataracts or strabismus (in humans). Many form-deprived animals and humans frequently show a residual strabismus after lid opening (animals) or cataract extraction and optical correction (humans). We wanted to determine whether strabismus was unique in causing monocular asymmetries of OKN. Two independent observers rated eye movement videotapes of 20 normal subjects, the non-deviating eye of 25 unilateral strabismic subjects and 29 unilaterally eye-enucleated subjects, who were watching either a nasally directed square wave grating, a temporally directed square wave grating, or a blank field. Observers rated the proportion of trials where OKN occurred, the duration of OKN in each trial and the number of beats of OKN within each trial. Monocular OKN was symmetrical in normal subjects for the proportion and duration measures, but half the normal group showed small but significant asymmetries for the beats measure. Subjects in both enucleate and strabismic groups showed asymmetries of OKN favouring nasally directed stimulation, but only the early onset strabismics (as a group) showed asymmetries that were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the normal group. Asymmetry scores correlated significantly with age of diagnosis of strabismus for the strabismic group but not with age of enucleation for the enucleate group. The results are discussed in terms of binocular competition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ocular torsional movements in normal humans.

We conducted three studies of compensatory ocular torsional movements in normal human subjects, using changes in the axis of astigmatism, afterimages, and direct observation with cinematography. Measurements of changes in the axis of astigmatism and the subjects' subjective perception of afterimages with a superimposed Maddox rod showed a partial compensatory intorsion on head tilt to the ipsilateral side and extorsion on head tilt to the contralateral side. Cinematography demonstrated that the eye lags behind the head in a slow rolling movement as the head is tilted. Periodic rotary movements in the direction of the head tilt partially correct the lag and result in a partial compensatory torsion. A fourth experiment excluded false torsion as an artifact in these studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Corneal and conjunctival deposits in monoclonal gammopathy.

An IgG kappa monoclonal gammaglobulinopathy was discovered during investigation of long-standing corneal deposits. The deposits were located between the basal epithelial cells, in the anterior layer of Bowman's membrane and in keratocytes. This is the third reported case of corneal deposits associated with Bence Jones proteinuria and the fifth case of corneal deposits associated with crystalline inclusions within plasma cells of the bone marrow. A biopsy of the buccal mucosa showed intraepithelial inclusions. Immunoelectrophoresis of the tears revealed a small amount of secretory IgA and a moderate amount of IgG, practically all kappa light chains.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Langerhans cells do not express alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine (AMAC)-1.

We have cloned a novel human CC chemokine, alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine (AMAC)-1 that is highly homologous to macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha. In contrast to MIP-1alpha, AMAC-1 is induced in macrophages by Th2-associated cytokines IL4, IL13, and IL10 in vitro; in addition, AMAC-1 is expressed by Th1-suppressive alveolar macrophages in vivo. Surprisingly, however, AMAC-1 is also expressed by GM-CSF-induced, in vitro monocyte-derived dendritic cells when treated by IL4. Here, we present a detailed analysis of AMAC-1 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro and show that the prime dendritic cells in vivo, i.e. epidermal Langerhans cells, do not express AMAC-1 mRNA. In conclusion, AMAC-1 is a novel CC chemokine whose Th2-associated expression pattern in alternatively activated suppressor macrophages in vivo and in vitro and its absence from epidermal Langerhans cells in vivo suggest that it may be involved in inhibition of Th1 reactions and in tolerance induction.

Chemokines, CC↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unexpected functions of FcepsilonRI on antigen-presenting cells.

In contrast to mast cells and basophils, the high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) on antigen-presenting cells (APC) shows structural and functional differences. It consists only of a minimal structure of one alpha- and two gamma-chains and enables APC to efficiently take up and present antigen in IgE-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions that are thought to play a pivotal role in atopic diseases. However, recent studies of FcepsilonRI signal transduction and function on APC suggest additional mechanisms by which FcepsilonRI engagement on APC could affect inflammatory reactions. FcepsilonRI ligation is able to induce major signaling events like protein tyrosine kinase activation including p72(syk) leading to PLC-gamma1 phosphorylation and consecutive calcium influx. Late signaling events like the activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB provide a link to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Th-polarizing factors such as IL-12 and the induction of antiapoptotic factors. FcepsilonRI-mediated IL-10 production in monocytes could also influence their differentiation. Since there are hints that in vivo a functional FcepsilonRI signaling pathway only exists in individuals from an atopic background, we suggest that these unexpected mechanisms may have an effect on inflammatory reactions in atopic diseases.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗