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Biomedical subjects

S Kopp

Publications and source records attributed to S Kopp.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Interleukin-1beta in synovial fluid from the arthritic temporomandibular joint and its relation to pain, mobility, and anterior open bite.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether interleukin-1beta in synovial fluid or blood plasma is involved in the development of pain or hyperalgesia of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), as well as reduced mandibular mobility and anterior open bite. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with TMJ arthritis and seven healthy subjects were studied. VAS measurement of TMJ tenderness on palpation of the TMJ (TDP), TMJ pressure pain threshold and tolerance level (PPTL), mandibular mobility, pain during joint movements, and degree of anterior open bite (AOB) were assessed. IL-1beta levels were analyzed in TMJ synovial fluid (SF-IL-1beta) and blood samples and correlated with the preceding factors. RESULTS: SF-IL-1beta showed significant positive correlations with VAS measurement of pain, TDP, and AOB and a negative correlation with PPTL. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that IL-1beta in the synovial fluid is associated with pain and hyperalgesia in the TMJ region as well as an anterior open bite. Concerning the latter condition, IL-1beta seems to be a warning signal of tissue destruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The influence of neuropeptides, serotonin, and interleukin 1beta on temporomandibular joint pain and inflammation.

PURPOSE: This article describes the possible role of various peptides in producing pain and inflammation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Current research findings on the spectrophotometric quantification of TMJ synovial fluid for neuropeptide Y (NPY), serotonin (5HT), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) are presented. FINDINGS: NPY was found in high levels in the synovial fluid of arthritic TMJs with resting pain, and serotonin (5-HT) was found in patients with pain perceived on mandibular movement. These pain-related mediators were also associated with restricted mandibular mobility. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was found to be strongly associated with hyperalgesia over the TMJ as well as resting pain. Anterior open bite as a clinical sign of joint destruction was found to be associated with high levels of NPY and IL-1beta in the synovial fluid. IL-1beta was also related to the radiographic signs of joint destruction. CONCLUSIONS: Interaction between the peripheral nervous system (sensory and sympathetic nerves) and the immune system is probably of importance for the modulation of pain and inflammation in the TMJ, but this subject has to be investigated further with experimental clinical studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of disk capture with a splint repositioning appliance: clinical and critical assessment with MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate disk repositioning clinically and through use of magnetic resonance imaging after the insertion of a disk repositioning appliance. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-four patients with 82 temporomandibular joints showing middle to late opening movement click and closing movement click near maximum intercuspation were treated with a mandibular full-coverage repositioning splint. These joints were assessed clinically and by means of magnetic resonance imaging for disk recapture. RESULTS: According to clinical assessment, 75.6% (62/82) of the joints were treated successfully; no click was observed from the splinted mandibular position. When compared with the results of magnetic resonance imaging assessment, clinical assessment showed an accuracy rate of 91.5%, although the incidence of the false negatives was high (40%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that about 70% of reducing displaced disks were captured with use of the disk repositioning appliance. And it was also suggested that magnetic resonance imaging is helpful to evaluate disk repositioning therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Interleukin-1beta in plasma and synovial fluid in relation to radiographic changes in arthritic temporomandibular joints.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of the cytokine IL-1beta in plasma and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovial fluid of patients with arthropathies, and to study the relation between IL-1beta levels of synovial fluid and plasma as well as radiographic changes of the TMJ. 31 patients with general disease, 14 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 17 with various arthritides were included in the study. Synovial fluid and blood samples were collected, and an individualized tomography of the TMJ was performed. Detectable levels of IL-1beta were found in 5 out of 39 synovial fluids and in 10 out of 27 plasma samples. The presence of IL-1beta in both plasma and synovial fluid was more frequent in RA patients than in the non-RA group. The extension of radiographic erosion was significantly greater in joints with IL-1beta than in those without. Both the extension of erosion and grade of radiographic changes of the TMJ were greater in patients with detectable IL-1beta level of plasma than in patients without. Our study indicates that presence of IL-1beta in plasma and synovial fluid is related to radiographic changes of the TMJ.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of local glucocorticoid injection on masseter muscle level of serotonin in patients with chronic myalgia.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects on the level of serotonin (5-HT) in the masseter muscle by intramuscular glucocorticoid (GC) administration in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and localized myalgia (LM), as well as to determine associated changes in pain, tenderness, and microcirculation. The study comprised 22 patients with pain and tenderness in the masseter muscle region. Ten patients (all women) had FNI, and 12 (1 man and 11 women) had LM involving the temporomandibular system. The patients were examined clinically and by microdialysis at 2 visits 2-3 weeks apart and received local glucocorticoid treatment at the first visit. The ratio (S1/S2) between the initial level of 5-HT (S1) and steady state level (S2) was used as a relative measure of the intramuscular release of 5-HT. This ratio decreased significantly after treatment in the FM group. In the FM group there was also a negative correlation regarding changes between visits of 5-HT and changes of intramuscular temperature. In the LM group there was a negative correlation regarding changes between visits of 5-HT and changes of pressure pain threshold and pressure pain tolerance level. This study indicates that there is a reduction of the ratio between initial 5-HT and steady state level in the painful masseter muscle after intramuscular GC administration to FM patients, a reduction not present in the LM patients. In addition, 5-HT seems to be involved in the modulation of local muscle microcirculation in FM patients and in hyperalgesia in LM patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Substance P-associated increase of intra-articular temperature and pain threshold in the arthritic TMJ.

Neuropeptides are considered mediators and modulators of inflammatory joint disease. Substance P (SP) has been proposed as a mediator of pain, and its vasoactive properties are well documented. In this study, the presence of SP-like immunoreactivity in the synovial fluid was correlated to intra-articular temperature (IAT) and pain from the arthritic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) 3 to 5 weeks after one intra-articular injection of glucocorticosteroids. Eighteen TMJs were investigated for IAT and the presence of SP-like immunoreactivity in the synovial fluid in 12 patients with systemic inflammatory joint disease. After arthrocentesis, the aspirates were analyzed for SP-like immunoreactivity by means of competitive radio immunoassay. A visual analogue scale and an algometer determining the pressure pain threshold and tolerance level assessed arthritic pain and hyperalgesia in the TMJ. Our results indicate that SP-like immunoreactivity is associated with IAT and that increased concentrations of joint fluid SP-like immunoreactivity correspond to increased pain threshold and tolerance and a concomitantly decreased visual analogue scale. These findings suggest that SP is implicated in the vascular and nociceptive response of the arthritic joint and that SP, possibly assisted by the antinociceptive effect of local corticosteroids, has a modulatory role in arthritic pain and hyperalgesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Long-term stimulant treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: We wanted to study the effects of amphetamine on symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over a longer period than has been reported in previous studies of central stimulants in this condition. METHODS: Sixty-two children, aged 6 to 11 years, meeting DSM-III-R symptom criteria for ADHD participated in a parallel-group design, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of amphetamine treatment. Treatment was not restricted to children with "pure" ADHD, ie, some had comorbid diagnoses. In the amphetamine group, children received active treatment for 15 months. RESULTS: Amphetamine was clearly superior to placebo in reducing inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behavior problems and tended to lead to improved results on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised. Treatment failure rate was considerably lower and time to treatment failure was longer in the amphetamine group. Adverse effects were few and relatively mild. CONCLUSION: The results of this long-term, placebo-controlled study of the central stimulant amphetamine in the treatment of ADHD indicate that there are remaining positive effects of the drug 15 months after starting treatment.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1997

Quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction for the rapid prenatal detection of common aneuploidies and fetal sex.

OBJECTIVE: We have developed a quantitative fluorescence multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection of sex and aneuploidies involving chromosomes 21, 18, and 13. STUDY DESIGN: Samples of deoxyribonucleic acid (n = 85) extracted from amniotic fluid, fetal tissues, and blood were investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification of polymorphic small tandem repeat markers specific for chromosomes 21, 18, 13, and X. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis of the polymerase chain reaction products allowed us to distinguish between normal samples and samples with autosomal trisomies while sexing was performed simultaneously. From 85 samples only three produced unsatisfactory results with one of the two chromosome 13-specific markers. In these three cases the amplification of the other chromosome 13 marker always resulted in a correct normal pattern. CONCLUSION: Quantitative fluorescence multiplex polymerase chain reaction is a reliable and rapid method that allows prenatal diagnosis of the major numeric chromosomal abnormalities to be performed within 24 hours.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1997

Effects of capsaicin in temporomandibular joint arthritis in rats.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis was induced in female Lewis rats by unilateral injection of a suspension of heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum in paraffin oil into the TMJ. Control rats received paraffin oil by the same route. Arthritic and control rats were pretreated either with capsaicin or denervation of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. Tissues were collected for neuropeptide extraction and analysed by radioimmunoassay and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In all groups, the levels of substance P-(SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide- (CGRP) and neuropeptide Y- (NPY) like immunoreactivity (LI) were higher in the trigeminal ganglia than in the TMJs. In control rats, capsaicin significantly lowered the levels of SP-LI in the trigeminal ganglia and TMJ, but not CGRP-LI and NPY-LI. In the arthritic rats, capsaicin pretreatment significantly lowered the SP-LI and CGRP-LI in the trigeminal ganglia and TMJ, but not the NPY-LI. In the trigeminal ganglia the unilateral denervation significantly lowered SP-LI in control rats, and in arthritic rats SP-LI and CGRP-LI. On the denervated side of the arthritic TMJ, NPY-LI, SP-LI and CGRP- LI were significantly lowered as compared to the arthritic control rats and to the contralateral side. In this rat model, pretreatment with capsaicin and surgical denervation decreased the neuropeptide content in the trigeminal ganglia and the TMJ. The results clearly demonstrate a close interaction between increased neuropeptide release from sensory and sympathetic neurones after induction of arthritis in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Pain and synovial fluid concentration of serotonin in arthritic temporomandibular joints.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between serotonin in the synovial fluid (SF-5-HT) and pain of arthritic temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The study comprised 1 male and 10 female patients (22 TM joints) with bilateral TMJ pain or tenderness and a mean age of 42 years. The patients were studied regarding pain from the TMJ at rest and during mandibular movements as well as regarding pressure pain thresholds and tolerance levels over the TMJ. TMJ samples, obtained by saline washing of the joint, and blood serum samples were taken for measurement of the 5-HT content. There was a positive correlation between SF-5-HT and pain in the TMJ upon movement. Maximum voluntary mouth opening ability was negatively correlated to SF-5-HT. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that 5-HT in the TMJ synovial fluid is related to pain perceived upon movement of the joint and to decreased mandibular mobility.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Selective mutism: a population-based study: a research note.

Seven-year-olds to 15-year-olds in 2 school districts of Göteborg, Sweden, were screened for selective mutism by their teachers and follow-up was achieved for a full school year. Three girls and 2 boys met DSM-IV criteria for selective mutism and a further 25 had a combination of shyness and reticence that did not amount to clinical disorder. The rate of typical selective mutism was 18 in 10,000 children. Shyness/reticence occurred in 89 in 10,000 children. Selective mutism was more common than suggested by earlier studies. Teachers of school age children need to be better informed about its existence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders in patients with fibromyalgia and local myalgia of the temporomandibular system. A comparative study.

Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in 46 patients were investigated and compared with those in 20 healthy individuals. Twenty-three patients had fibromyalgia (FM) and 23 had local myalgia (LM). Facial pain was assessed with a visual analogue scale, and a clinical examination was performed, including maximum voluntary mouth opening, temporomandibular joint sounds, tenderness to digital palpation in the masticatory muscles, pressure pain threshold and tolerance level of the superficial masseter muscle, intramuscular temperature, and maximum voluntary bite force. There was a difference in the number of tender muscles between the groups. Pressure pain threshold and tolerance levels were lower in the FM than in the LM group, whereas both showed lower values than a control group (C). The intramuscular temperature and maximum voluntary mouth opening were lower in the patient groups than in the C group. TMJ sounds showed a difference between all three groups. In conclusion, this study shows that FM patients frequently have TMD and indicates several differences between patients with FM and LM with regard to clinical variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pain, tenderness, mandibular mobility, and anterior open bite in relation to radiographic erosions in temporomandibular joint disease.

The relationship between radiographic changes and clinical signs and symptoms of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was investigated in 39 patients with joint diseases. Radiographic erosions were found in 33% of the TMJ joints, and overall frequency of radiographic changes including remodeling was 47%. Fifty-four percent of the patients had an anterior open bite (AOB). The AOB showed statistically significant correlation to the extension of erosion of the TMJ. Pain expressed by means of a visual analog scale, tenderness to palpation of the TMJ, and pressure pain threshold showed no significant correlation to erosion, but mandibular mobility showed significant negative correlation to erosive changes. In conclusion, AOB is correlated with erosive radiographic changes in this patient group. However, the degree of local pain and tenderness showed no correlation to radiographic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of adjuvant on neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity in the temporomandibular joint and trigeminal ganglia.

To study the role of the nervous system in temporomandibular joint arthritis, substance P-, calcitonin gene-related peptide-, and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the trigeminal ganglia and temporomandibular joint of rats was examined. Arthritis was induced in female Lewis rats through bilateral injection of a suspension of heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum in paraffin oil into the temporomandibular joint. Control rats received paraffin oil via the same route. Tissues were collected for neuropeptide extraction 28 days after injection and analyzed by radioimmunoassay and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Calcitonin gene-related peptide was significantly increased in the arthritic trigeminal ganglia. Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuropeptide Y in the arthritic temporomandibular joint were significantly increased as compared to controls. The results of this study show that sensory and sympathetic neuropeptides may possibly be associated with the development of arthritis in the temporomandibular joint of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Short-term effect of glucocorticoid injection into the superficial masseter muscle of patients with chronic myalgia: a comparison between fibromyalgia and localized myalgia.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the treatment effect of intramuscular glucocorticoid injection differs between patients with fibromyalgia and those with localized myalgia of the masseter muscle concerning pain, tenderness to digital palpation, pressure pain threshold, pressure pain tolerance level, maximum voluntary occlusal force, or intramuscular temperature. Twenty-five patients with fibromyalgia and 25 patients with localized myalgia of the masseter muscle were first asked to assess their pain on a visual analogue scale; afterward, a routine clinical examination, including tenderness to digital palpation, was performed. For each patient, the pressure pain threshold, pressure pain tolerance level, and maximum voluntary occlusal force, as well as the intramuscular temperature, were recorded. Finally each patient received an injection of glucocorticoid. The examination and glucocorticoid treatment were repeated after approximately 2 weeks, and a follow-up was performed after another 5 weeks. In the fibromyalgia group, there was a reduced tenderness to digital palpation in response to the treatment. The localized myalgia group responded with a general improvement of symptoms as well as a significant reduction of pain intensity and tenderness to digital palpation. The results of this study indicate that patients with fibromyalgia and localized myalgia in many respects show a similar response to local glucocorticoid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Rapid detection of trisomies 21 and 18 and sexing by quantitative fluorescent multiplex PCR.

Aneuploidies involving chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y account for over 95% of all chromosomal abnormalities in live-born infants. Prenatal diagnosis of these disorders is usually accomplished by cytogenetic analysis of amniotic or chorionic cells but this is a lengthy procedure requiring great technical expertise. In this paper, we assess the diagnostic value of using a quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suitable for the simultaneous and rapid diagnosis of trisomies 21 and 18 together with the detection of DNA sequences derived from the X and Y chromosomes. Samples of DNA, extracted from amniotic fluid, fetal blood or tissues, and peripheral blood from normal adults were investigated by quantitative fluorescent PCR amplification of polymorphic small tandem repeats (STRs) specific for two loci on each of chromosomes 21 and 18. Quantitative analysis of the amplification products allowed the diagnosis of trisomies 21 and 18, while sexing was performed simultaneously using PCR amplification of DNA sequences derived from the chromosomes X and Y. These results indicate the advantages of using two sets of STR markers for the detection of chromosome 21 trisomies and confirmed the usefulness of quantitative fluorescent multiplex PCR for the rapid prenatal diagnosis of selected chromosomal abnormalities.

Aneuploidy↗