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Biomedical subjects

S Konno

Publications and source records attributed to S Konno.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The effect of nicotine on cell proliferation and synthesis of secreted proteins in BALB/C 3T3 cells.

The alkaloid nicotine induces a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and morphological change when added to BALB/C 3T3 cells. Significant differences were observed between control and nicotine-treated cells with respect to the newly synthesized secreted proteins by using heparin-agarose column chromatography. Both the anticellular and protein synthesis modulating activities of nicotine were affected by the degree of confluence of cells, suggesting a complex mode of action of nicotine in mammalian cells.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1991

dsDNA-stimulated phosphorylation of a 72-kDa nucleoprotein accompanies PMA-induced HL-60 leukemic cell differentiation.

PMA treatment of human leukemic cells resulted in a significant increase in the phosphorylation of a 72-kDa protein, which was abrogated by treating the nuclear extracts with DNase I, but additionally stimulated by adding DNA. To be active, DNA must be double-stranded with an average size of 300 base pairs, but shows no apparent species- or sequence-specificity. NP-72 isolated from control or PMA-treated nuclei with 1 mM ATP lacked phosphorylating activity, suggesting it to be a substrate for a dsDNA-stimulated protein kinase(s). Simultaneous exposure of HL-60 cells to PMA and the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine diminished the phosphorylation of NP-72. These data suggest that leukemia cell differentiation is accompanied by the induction and/or activation of a dsDNA-stimulated protein kinase whose protein substrates include NP-72 and whose activity is directly or indirectly influenced by protein kinase C.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of AH 21-132 on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure].

We examined the effect of AH 21-132, which has been reported to relax airway smooth muscle and inhibit platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced airway hyperreactivity, on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) with airway inflammation in dogs. Airway responsiveness (AR) to methacholine was measured by modified Astograph (7 Hz oscillation method) before and after ozone exposure, and the numbers of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and total cell counts, differential cell counts and TXB2 in BALF were measured before and after ozone exposure. Ozone exposure was carried out for 2 hr at an ozone level of 3.46 +/- 0.10 ppm (mean +/- SE). There was a significant increase in AR to methacholine after ozone exposure (p less than 0.01), and the numbers of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and the total cell and neutrophil counts in BALF increased significantly (p less than 0.05). Pretreatment with AH 21-132 at an oral dose of 20 mg/kg significantly prevented the ozone-induced AHR to methacholine (p less than 0.01), and also inhibited the increase of neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood, and the total cell counts and the neutrophil counts in BALF after ozone exposure. There was no significant change in the levels of TXB2 in BALF before and after ozone exposure. In dogs not exposed to ozone, AR to methacholine and respiratory resistance to methacholine significantly decreased after administration of AH 21-132 at an oral dose of 20 mg/kg (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1991

[A case of surgically treated tuberculous aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta with massive hemoptysis].

A tuberculous aneurysm of the thoracic descending aorta was found in a 60-year-old female with massive hemoptysis. She had had lung tuberculosis one and half years ago. Computed tomography and aortic angiography revealed saccular type aneurysm at left supradiaphragmatic portion of descending aorta. After antituberculous chemotherapy, the aneurysm was resected under the temporary bypass support utilizing Bio-pump and the aorta was grafted with Dacron prosthesis successfully. The microscopic findings of specimens over the aneurysm and surrounding tissues revealed tuberculosis. The patient is doing well one year after the operation.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1991

Enhanced expression of heat shock protein and mRNA synthesis by type I interferon in human HL-60 leukemic cells.

The effects of IFN and mild hyperthermia on the responses of human promyelocytic HL-60 cells were investigated. Cells subjected to an elevated culture temperature (39.5 degrees-40.5 degrees C instead of 37 degrees C, herein referred to as heat-treated cells) showed an increase in heat shock proteins (HSPs) and corresponding mRNA synthesis, which were additionally potentiated by the presence of IFN. With cells cultured at 37 degrees C, IFN had no effect on HSP expression. The observed inhibition (40-70%) of RNA polymerase II-directed RNA synthesis (based on alpha-amanitin sensitivity) in isolated nuclei of heat-treated cells was also significantly reversed by the simultaneous addition of IFN. These data suggest that the IFN-amplified HSP gene expression may be involved in preventing irreversible damage or in fine tuning the recovery of mammalian cells from heat stress.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1990

Modulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) metabolism by calicheamicin gamma 1 in human HL-60 cells.

The mechanism of calicheamicin gamma 1-mediated cytotoxicity was studied in human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemic cells. Calicheamicin gamma 1 caused an increase in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in HL-60 cells parallel to cell death. This effect of the drug correlated with a decrease in intracellular NAD+ level. 3-Aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribosylation), prevented the calicheamicin gamma 1-triggered cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous with the reversal of cytotoxicity, the addition of 3-aminobenzamide to drug-treated cells also inhibited the increase in poly(ADP-ribosylation) and the reduction in cellular NAD+ content. These results indicate that poly(ADP-ribosylation) activation and the subsequent perturbations in NAD(+)-dependent metabolic reactions are associated with the cytotoxic properties of the antitumor antibiotic calicheamicin gamma 1.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1990

Pathology of excessive iron storage in the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens).

Iron deposition in the tissues of 30 Afghan pikas (Ochotona rufescens rufescens) was examined histopathologically. In all cases, iron deposits were present in the liver and in two-thirds of cases, there was portal fibrosis with tissue injury. In animals, in general, tissue injury induced by iron overload is usually mild and only in a few exceptional species does hepatic haemochromatosis occur. Thus, Afghan pikas are a rare example of reaction to iron overloading.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Synthesis of 4,5-diarylthiazole derivatives as blood platelet aggregation inhibitors].

A number of 2-substituted 4,5-diphenylthiazoles were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of 2-methylsulfonyl-4,5-diphenylthiazole with various sodium alkoxides, amines, and carbanions of active methylene compounds. 2-Methylsulfonyl-4,5-diphenylthiazole was obtained by the potassium permanganate oxidation of 2-methylthio-4,5-diphenylthiazole in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst. 2-Ethoxy-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) thiazole was prepared in a similar manner. 2-Ethynyl-4,5-diphenylthiazoles were synthesized by the palladium catalyst cross-coupling reaction of 2-iodo-4,5-diphenylthiazole with monosubstituted acetylenes. These compounds were tested for inhibitory activity against blood platelet aggregation in vitro. Among them, 2-alkoxy-, and 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4,5-diphenylthiazole were found to have potent inhibitory activity.

Benzene Derivatives↗
PubMed1990

[Histologic characterization of late asthmatic response in guinea pigs].

We examined lung tissues in a guinea pig model actively sensitized by inhalation of aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) and found reproducible late bronchial responses (LBR) 7 h and 24 h after OA challenge. Light microscopic examination revealed bronchoconstriction, damage to the epithelium, eosinophil infiltration in both the epithelium and subepithelium, retention of mucous in the pulmonary bronchial lumens and a decrease in the mucous content of Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain positive cells in the bronchial epithelium in LBR. An increase in the number of PAS-stain positive cells of in the bronchial epithelium was also observed in LBR. Electron microscopic examination revealed eosinophil migration around mast cell at 7 hs after OA challenge. Two different mechanisms of degranulation of eosinophil specific granules were observed in LBR. In one mechanism, the granule core changes after its matrix has changed. In the other mechanism, the granules were exocytosed as a whole, accompanied by the cell membrane and densely clumped chromatin, suggesting burst of eosinophil.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Purification of acidic fibroblast growth factor from bovine heart and its localization in the cardiac myocytes.

We found an endogenous growth factor, referred to here as heart-derived growth factor (HDGF), that stimulates the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. HDGF was purified from bovine myocardium using a procedure that involves denaturation of undesired proteins with methanol and chloroform. Soluble HDGF was purified essentially to homogeneity in a single step by heparin affinity chromatography. The purified HDGF was identified to be acidic fibroblast growth factor based on the following properties: molecular weight of 18,000, isoelectric point of 5.2, amino acid composition and sequence, its dissociation from a heparin affinity column at 0.9 M NaCl, potentiation of activity in the presence of heparin, and antigenicity. Our yield of HDGF was 500 micrograms/kg of tissue. Antiserum raised to HDGF localized HDGF in the cardiac myocytes in culture. These data indicate that a large amount of acidic fibroblast growth factor is present in the heart, and the cardiac myocytes are likely to be a major source of it.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Classification by position of dorsal root ganglia in the lumbosacral region.

In order to determine the incidence of the proximally placed L5 and S1 dorsal root ganglia, 144 patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy were investigated. All of the patients underwent nerve root infiltration for depicting the nerve root. Using some bony landmarks on the anteroposterior radiculogram, the dorsal root ganglia were classified into three types: intraspinal, intraforaminal, and extraforaminal. The intraspinal type was further subdivided into subarticular and sublaminar types. The intraspinal type is more common in the S1 than in the L5 root, regardless of age and sex. Although the proximally placed dorsal root ganglia may offer a locus minoris resistantiae for neural irritation and compression, its role for symptom production of radiculopathy should be further analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Synthesis of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their antifungal activities].

4-Chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were prepared by the chlorination of 4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with phosphoryl chloride. 4-Oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1]-benzo- and 4-oxo-6-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine were synthesized by the cyclization of 2-acylaminothiophene-3-carboxamide derivatives with base. 2-Methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine was prepared by the treatment of 2-methyl-4-trichloromethylthieno-[2,3-d]pyrimidine with sodium hydroxide in aqueous methanol. A series of 4-alkylamino- and 4-arylaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of 4-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with various amines. These compounds were evaluated for antifungal activity against Piricularia oryzae. The preventive effects on Rice blast, Sheath blight, and Cucumber powdery mildew were also determined by pot tests.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA-861 on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure in dogs].

To determine whether 5-lipoxygenase products are involved in hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure, we studied the effect of a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA-861 on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in six dogs. Airway responsiveness to methacholine was measured by modified Astograph (7 Hz oscillation method) before and after ozone exposure, and TxB2 in plasma and in BALF, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in BALF, numbers of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and differential cell counts in BALF were measured before and after ozone exposure. Ozone exposure was carried out for 2 hr at an ozone level of 3.04 +/- 0.01 ppm (mean +/- SE). There was a significant increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine after ozone exposure in the six dogs (p less than 0.01), and the numbers of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and the neutrophil counts in BALF increased significantly after ozone exposure (P less than 0.01). A selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA-861 significantly inhibited the increase of airway responsiveness to methacholine induced by ozone exposure (p less than 0.05), and furthermore, the increase in the numbers of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and the neutrophil counts in BALF after ozone exposure were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with AA-861 (p less than 0.05). There was no significant change in the levels of TxB2 in plasma or in BALF, and also no apparent change in the levels of histamine was observed in BALF after ozone exposure. The levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in BALF decreased after ozone exposure, but the decrease was not significant. These results suggest that 5-lipoxygenase products play an important role in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and in the infiltration of neutrophils into the airway after ozone exposure in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs].

We studied the time related changes of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone inhalation (2.9 ppm, 30 min) in guinea pigs. In unanesthetized and spontaneously breathing guinea pigs, the respiratory resistance was measured by a forced oscillation technique. The respiratory resistance and respiratory frequency were unchanged until 24 hours after ozone inhalation. In mechanically ventilated guinea pigs, airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was determined using a modification of the Konzett-Rössler technique, and after methacholine challenge bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed for cell yield. At 1 hour and 3 hours after ozone inhalation, airway responsiveness was increased significantly, but returned to the control level at 6 hours. In the BAL fluid, there was a significant increase in neutrophils at 3 hours after ozone inhalation and thereafter. In the separated groups, before air or ozone inhalation, human serum albumin (HSA) was administered intravenously, and BAL was performed 1 hour after inhalation. In the ozone inhalation group, the concentration of HSA in BALF was increased significantly compared to the air inhalation group. These results suggest that airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone inhalation may occur before the influx of neutrophils into the airways and may depend on some structural changes such as submucosal and mucosal edema induced by the enhancement of capillary permeability.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1989

[Allergen-induced late bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs].

Allergen-induced bronchoconstrictive responses were examined in a guinea pig model actively sensitized by the inhalation of aerosolized ovalbumin (OA), which showed reproducible late bronchial responses (LBR). OA-challenge was performed under cover of mepyramine through the inhaled route in spontaneous breathing without anesthesia. The respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured by the oscillation method for 96 h after OA challenge. All of the 22 guinea pigs displayed immediate bronchial responses (IBR), followed by 2 or 3 phase LBR that peaked at 6-8 h and 24 h after OA challenge. Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed a significant increase in neutrophils at 1 h (p less than 0.01) and eosinophils at 7 h and 96 h (each p less than 0.01) after OA challenge. OA-challenge induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine (p less than 0.01) at 96 h that was associated with a significant increase in eosinophils (p less than 0.01) in BALF compared with lavages at 7 h. Intravenous administration of 1% OA induced a significant increase of leukotriene (LT)B4, C4, D4 in tracheal lavage fluids at IBR phase in each control (p less than 0.01). The increases of Rrs in LBR were inhibited almost completely by the pretreatment of KC-404, which is reported to have antagonistic action against LTC4/D4. These results suggest that allergen-induced late broncho-constrictions accompanied by airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs are associated with the extensive infiltration into the airway lumen of inflammatory cells, and are concerned with the release of LTs. We also suggest that this LBR guinea pig model is useful in studying the mechanisms of the occurrence of LAR in humans, and in evaluating the action of anti-allergic drugs in LAR.

Animals↗