Biomedical subjects

S Konno

Publications and source records attributed to S Konno.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Suppressive effects of IPD-1151T (suplatast-tosilate) on induction of mast cells from normal mouse splenocytes.

The influence of IPD-1151T (suplatast-tosilate) on murine mast cell induction was examined by in vitro cell culture. Splenocytes from BALB/c mice suspended in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with interleukin-3 were cultured in the presence or absence of IPD-1151T. Half of the total volume of the medium was changed every 4-5 days. The number of mast cells increased with culture time and reached a peak on the 16th day when the cells were cultured without IPD-1151T. However, the growth of mast cells from the splenocyte culture was dose dependently inhibited by IPD-1151T. Furthermore, IPD-1151T inhibited the proliferation of mast cell progenitor cells, IC-2, but not that of splenocytes or mature mast cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Effects of IFN-beta on growth of human prostatic JCA-1 cells.

Addition of IFN-beta resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of growth, a drop in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, and a concurrent 69% and 15% increase in the S and G2/M phases, of the human prostatic JCA-1 cells. No correlation existed between the antimitogenicity of IFN and increases in the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activity. Although IFN elicited a large increase in 2-5A synthetase activity, activation of the 2-5A-dependent RNase L could not be demonstrated in JCA-1 cells rendered permeable to 2-5A, implying that the 2-5A pathway is not involved in the anti-proliferative effects of IFN. Analysis of endogenous proteins phosphorylated in vitro show that some IFN-inducible phosphoproteins were dependent upon the presence of double-stranded DNA.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗

PubMed1994

Anatomic and radiographic study of dorsal root ganglia.

Anatomic and radiographic studies were made to investigate normal variation of dorsal root ganglia in lumbosacral roots. The spinal nerves could be divided into two groups, with and without bifurcation of ventral nerve root and dorsal root ganglion. The bifurcated group was further classified into three types. L4 and L5 nerve roots were all bifurcated, and S1 were all nonbifurcated. The positions of dorsal root ganglia were classified into three types: intraspinal, intraforaminal, and extraforaminal. At L4 and L5 nerve roots, they were mostly intraforaminal, whereas at S1, they were mostly intraspinal. Proximally placed ganglia had a high frequency of ganglionic indentation. The incidence of intraspinal dorsal root ganglia was much higher clinically than in anatomic studies. Variations in connecting patterns or positions of dorsal root ganglia may be related to the occurrence and variety of radicular symptoms. The dorsal root ganglia is clinically important, and its location may correspond to clinical symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The European Spine Society AcroMed Prize 1994. Acute thermal nerve root injury.

Bone cement is sometimes used for vertebral body reconstruction following tumor removal. During such procedures, the polymerization of the methyl-metacrylate in the bone cement generates heat. Such temperature increase might cause damage to the nerve roots within the spinal canal. In the present study, pig cauda equina nerve roots were subjected to controlled temperature increases by means of a heat-generating probe. A temperature of 40 degrees C applied for 5 min did not cause any changes in nerve root function. However, 70 degrees C resulted in a complete block of nerve root function within 5 min. Histological nerve fiber damage was seen after exposure to 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. The present study provides basic knowledge of heat-resistance properties of spinal nerve roots that might be directly applicable as guidelines for safety margins during surgical spine reconstruction procedures using bone cement.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1994

Distribution and origins of cerebrovascular NADPH-diaphorase-containing nerve fibers in the rat.

Neuronal NADPH-diaphorase has been proved to be nitric oxide synthase itself. In this study, we investigated distribution and origins of NADPH-diaphorase-containing nerve fibers in the cerebral vessels in the rat. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. Nasociliary nerves were transected bilaterally in group 1. In group 2, intracranial branches of the sphenopalatine ganglion were transected bilaterally. In group 3, both of these structures were transected. The remaining animals were served as control (group 4). Two weeks after the above procedures, they were perfused with paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. The pial arteries and superior cervical, trigeminal, internal carotid, otic and sphenopalatine ganglia were dissected. All specimens were processed for NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. Numerous NADPH-diaphorase-containing nerve fibers with varicosities forming plexuses were observed in the circle of Willis and its branches. Relatively thick nerve bundles were noted in the anterior half of the circle of Willis. They are most abundant in the internal ethmoidal artery. Approximately 5% of such fibers in anterior half of the circle of Willis disappeared in group 1, 90% in group 2, and no fibers were seen to remain in group 3. NADPH-diaphorase reaction was positive in the neurons of sphenopalatine, otic trigeminal and internal carotid ganglia. Among these ganglia, the reaction was prominent in sphenopalatine, otic and internal carotid ganglia. In summary: (1) NADPH-diaphorase-containing nerve fibers distribute to the circle of Willis and its branches.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Cerebral vasodilatory effect of high-dose, intravascular endothelin-1: inhibition by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine.

The effects of intracarotid administration of endothelin-1 on the cerebral microvessels were examined in anesthetized cats. The local cerebral blood volume in the cortex, which reflects the cumulative dimensions of the cerebral microvessels, was measured by our photoelectric method. A low dose of endothelin-1 (0.1 nmol) elicited mild but significant declines in cerebral blood volume. Following a high dose of endothelin-1 (3 nmol), the cerebral blood volume was initially reduced, probably due to the marked fall in arterial blood pressure, but was subsequently increased significantly. The increase in cerebral blood volume was not secondary to the rise in blood pressure, since it was unaffected by inhibition of the blood pressure changes with BQ-123 (1 mg/kg), an endothelin antagonist. However, the cerebral blood volume increase was prevented by continuous administration of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (0.35 mg/kg per min), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, plus BQ-123. BQ-123 itself had no significant effects on cerebral blood volume or blood pressure. We conclude that while a low dose of intravascular endothelin-1 steadily constricts the cerebral microvessels, a high dose dilates the cerebral microvessels through the induction of nitric oxide synthesis, probably in the endothelium.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Constriction/dilatation of the cerebral microvessels by intravascular endothelin-1 in cats.

The effects of intracarotidly injected endothelin (ET)-1 (0.01-3 nmol) on the local cerebral blood volume (CBV) in the parietotemporal cortex were examined by the photoelectric method in 17 anesthetized cats. CBV reflects the cumulative dimensions of the cerebral microvessels. Low doses of ET-1 (0.01 and 0.1 nmol) elicited mild but significant reductions in CBV without changes in the systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP). High doses of ET-1 (3 nmol) initially induced marked declines of CBV, which were attributable to the significant falls in SABP. CBV subsequently exhibited significant increases. The CBV increases were not secondary to the accompanying elevations of SABP, since they were unaffected by inhibition of the SABP changes after preinjection of BQ-123 (1 mg/kg), an ET antagonist specific to the ETA receptors. The CBV increases, however, were prevented by continuous administration of NG-mono-methyl-L-arginine (0.35 mg/kg/min), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, plus BQ-123. We conclude that while low doses of intravascular ET-1 constrict the cerebral microvessels, high doses of ET-1 dilate the cerebral microvessels through the induction of nitric oxide probably in the cerebrovascular endothelium.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Antiasthmatic activity of a macrolide antibiotic, roxithromycin: analysis of possible mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.

This study was designed to examine the possible mechanisms by which macrolide antibiotics favorably influence the clinical course of asthmatic patients. In the first set of experiments, we investigated the effect of roxithromycin (RXM), a newly synthesized macrolide antibiotic, on in vitro cytokine secretion by mitogen-activated human peripheral blood leukocytes. RXM suppressed the secretion of T cell cytokine interleukins (IL) 2-4 and monocyte cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha. This inhibitory effects on cytokine secretion was dose dependent and firstly noted at a concentration of as little as 0.5 microgram/ml which is much lower than therapeutic blood levels. In the second part of experiments, we examined the influence of RXM on cytokine appearance in mouse lung extract induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation and on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in LPS-treated mice. As compared with mice pretreated with phosphate-buffered saline, RXM administered orally at a single dose of 5 mg/kg once a day for 21 days inhibited the appearance of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in aqueous lung extracts. Pretreatment with RXM also decreased the bronchial responsiveness to methacholine induced by intratracheal injection of LPS. We conclude that the attenuating effect of macrolide antibiotics on asthmatic syndromes might be explained partially by their inhibitory effects on cytokine secretion from leukocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Efficacy of the "Gen-Probe Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD)" for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens--comparison between the MTD and the test by culture on Ogawa's egg medium or in the MB Check System].

Three or more weeks are usually required for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the known culture methods, and therefore, the development of a rapid bacteriological diagnostic method for M. tuberculosis has been urgently awaited. Recently, Gen-Probe Inc. has developed the "Gen-Probe Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD)", which is based on amplification of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens and hybridization of the amplified rRNA with a M. tuberculosis-specific DNA probe, as a rapid direct diagnostic method for tuberculosis. We therefore compared the sensitivity and specificity of the MTD in detecting M. tuberculosis with the culture methods on Ogawa's egg medium and in the MB Check System, using 107 clinical specimens as test material. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Of the 61 clinical specimens which were negative when cultured on Ogawa's egg medium, 13 (21.3%) were positive for M. tuberculosis using the MTD, and of the 48 clinical specimens which were negative when cultured in the MB Check System, 8 specimens (16.7%) were positive for M. tuberculosis using the MTD. 2. All of the specimens which yielded growth of M. tuberculosis (identified by the DNA probe) either on Ogawa's egg medium or in the MB Check System, except one, were positive for M. tuberculosis in the MTD. The only one exception was a specimen which was positive for M. tuberculosis in both Ogawa's medium and the MB Check System.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[A case of mitral valve replacement with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura after high-dose immunoglobulin infusion].

A 60-year-old female patient diagnosed as having mitral stenosis with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), with a platelet count of 6.8 x 10(4)/mm3, was scheduled to undergo mitral valve replacement. High-dose immunoglobulin infusion (400 mg/kg/day for five days) was begun four days before the operation and increased the platelet count to 9.1 x 10(4)/mm3 just before the operation. Intraoperative hemostasis was excellent, and the postoperative course was uneventful. High-dose immunoglobulin therapy appears to be a first choice for controlling hemorrhagic tendency in ITP patients undergoing heart surgery.

Female↗

PubMed1994

[Gastric juice secretion increases during extracorporeal circulation employed in cardiac surgery].

We evaluated gastric juice secretion during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) in cardiac surgery. The effect of pirenzepine, a muscarine receptor blocker, was also tested to clarify the mechanism involved. Gastric juice secretion increased significantly from pre ECC value of 3.8 +/- 1.3 ml.h-1 to 12.4 +/- 4.0 ml.h-1 during ECC. It decreased to 5.0 +/- 1.4 ml.h-1 (mean +/- SE) after ECC. Pirenzepine premedication reduced serum gastrin level. However, it did not suppress the increase of gastric juice secretion. There is no significant correlation between serum gastrin level and gastric juice secretion. ECC is a major stress and increases gastric juice secretion. This phenomenon is probably activated via sympathetic and hypophysis-adrenal gland system.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗

PubMed1994

[A case of surgical treatment of sever constrictive pericarditis with biventricular failure].

A 68-year-old woman had been pointed out a calcification of pericardium on chest X-ray ten years ago. She admitted to our hospital associated with generalized edema. RA pressure.pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.RVEDP.LVEDP increased markedly and low cardiac output coexisted (C.I. = 1.77 l/min/m2). On September 9, 1992, she underwent a total pericardiectomy through mediansternotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. She complicated a prolonged biventricular heart failure despite total pericardiectomy postoperatively. It was considered that delayed clinical improvement had based on myocardial degeneration or atrophy in long-term morbidity. We recommend a early operative intervention at the clinical hemodynamic deterioration.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[Surgical treatment for a coarctation of the aorta in an advanced aged woman].

A 55 year old woman with coarctation of the aorta underwent coarctectomy by end to end anastomosis successfully. She had no showed sign and symptom except hypertension until 55 years of age. Preoperative findings of cardiac catheterization and aortography were as follows: a pressure gradient of 100mmHg at the severe, short segmental coarctation and prominent development of internal mammary artery and intercostal artery as collateral circulation. After coarctectomy, hypertension improved and postoperative examination revealed no pressure gradient. This is a surgically resected case of coarctation of the aorta in the most advanced aged woman in Japanese literature.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1994

[The difference between right and left in vitreous findings of normal eyes].

The vitreous in both normal eyes of 671 normal subjects was studied biomicroscopically. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In 618 cases of a refractive error less than -3D (group A) and 53 cases of refractive error over -3D (group B), the incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in both eyes increased with age and the absence of PVD in both eyes decreased with age. The percentage of cases with PVD in one eye and no PVD in the other eye was less than 22% in all age groups. 2. There was no significant difference in the degree of vitreous liquefaction between the right and the left eyes. The degree of vitreous liquefaction was also age-related. 3. In the cases with PVD in one eye and no PVD in the other eye, a higher incidence of mild vitreous liquefaction was found in group A than in group B. 4. PVD without collapsed vitreous (simple PVD) in both eyes was observed only in group A. 5. Our results indicated that the vitreous findings in both eyes of an individual were almost identical, and PVD may occur with less vitreous liquefaction in group A than in group B.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[A case report of tricuspid replacement for the acquired tricuspid stenosis at the time of reoperation].

A 57-year-old woman, who underwent aortic valve replacement and open mitral commissurotomy nine years ago, was admitted with congestive heart failure due to mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation, for which we planned mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty. Intraoperatively, the orifice of tricuspid valve was stenosed like fish-mouth, which we attempted to make commissurotomy and modified Kay's annuloplasty, but failed to decrease the central regurgitation. A CarboMedics 23 mm prosthesis was implanted in the mitral position and a Capentier-Edwards 29 mm in the tricuspid position. She had recovered from congestive heart failure postoperatively, no regurgitant flow was detected in right ventriculography.

Female↗

PubMed1994

[A case report of giant mediastinal thyroid carcinoma with SVC syndrome].

A 78-year-old man with SVC syndrome caused from compression by follicular carcinoma of the thyroid which extended to the mediastinum was presented. CT and MRI demonstrated a giant right thyroid tumor which extended to the mediastinum and displaced the trachea. The resection of 675 g-tumor was performed through median sternotomy and right collar incision without reconstruction of SVC. His postoperative course was complicated with recurrent nerve paralysis which had been gradually improved for several months. At present, he has been freed from SVC syndrome.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗

PubMed1993

Anti-allergic activity of roxithromycin: inhibition of interleukin-5 production from mouse T lymphocytes.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of roxithromycin (RXM), a newly synthesized macrolide antibiotic on allergic responses in mice. RXM was orally administered into BALB/c mice once a day for 42 days in a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. Spleen cells (Sp C) collected from mice on day 7, 14, 28 and 42 post-RXM administration showed higher blastic activity of lymphocytes than those from control. The activity peaked on the 7th day, then gradually decreased, and returned to the control level by the 42nd day. Production of cytokines, IL-2 and IL-5, by Sp C in response to concanavalin A stimulation was also examined in the course of RXM administration. The capacity of Sp C to produce IL-2 was enhanced by oral administration of RXM for 28 days. However, a long-term (for 42 days) administration inhibited it. On the other hand, the capacity of of Sp C to produce IL-5 was strongly inhibited by oral administration of RXM; the titer of IL-5 was similar to that obtained in cultures of Sp C from control mice. These results strongly suggest that oral administration of RXM inhibits the function of Th2-type helper T lymphocytes and that a long-term administration of RXM may be beneficial in asthma and allergy.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Inhibitory action of azelastine on cytokine production from human peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro.

Effects of azelastine (AZ) on human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in culture were examined. Addition of 10.0 micrograms/ml of AZ resulted in a marked inhibition of PBL blastic activity, but lower concentrations (1.0 and 0.5 microgram/ml) had no demonstrable suppressive effects on the activation. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3 and IL-4 production from PBL in response to Concanavalin A stimulation was also strongly suppressed when the cells were cultured in the presence of AZ. This suppression was observed even when lower concentrations (1.0 and 0.5 microgram/ml) of AZ were added to cell cultures.

Adult↗