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Biomedical subjects

S Konishi

Publications and source records attributed to S Konishi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Prevention of varicella in urgent cases by passive transfer of vaccine-induced immunity.

For the purpose of preventing spread of infection to high risk children whose immunities were severely impaired by intensive chemotherapy or for some other reason, when cases of varicella occurred in a children's ward or in a family, healthy adults (mothers and a doctor) were immediately given live varicella vaccine, blood was collected from these adults 5 to 7 days after vaccination and the whole blood or plasma including the buffy coat was transferred in the high risk children. Subsequently the children showed little or no clinical reaction, and follow-up studies by the neutralizing test and skin test with varicella antigen indicated that their inapparent or subclinical varicella infection occurred in them and that their immunity to varicella was lasting. Skin tests with varicella antigen showed that booster reaction occurred in adults with a previous history of varicella as early as 5 to 7 days after vaccination. The cellular immunity thus induced in the donors may have played a role in preventing a clinical reaction in the high risk children. Thus passive transfer of vaccine-induced immunity seems a convenient and effective method for preventing infection in subjects whose immune capacities are severely impaired.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Enkephalins presynaptically inhibit cholinergic transmission in sympathetic ganglia.

Recent biochemical and immunohistochemical studies have shown that the opioid peptides, enkephalins, occur in nerve terminals and cell bodies in mammalian sympathetic ganglia1-3. Opiates and enkephalins are thought to inhibit synaptic transmission in the peripheral nervous tissues as well as in the central nervous system4-12. The mechanisms of the opiate actions, however, are not entirely clear; both pre- and postsynaptic sites of action have been proposed7-9,11,12. As acetylcholine is known to be the major neurotransmitter in the autonomic ganglia and as the mechanism of synaptic transmission is well clarified13, analysis of the peptide action could be more easily but equally usefully carried out in the peripheral synapses than in central synapses. We now report that enkephalins presynaptically inhibit cholinergic transmission in sympathetic ganglia.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1979

[Tensilon test].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Edrophonium↗
PubMed1978

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with special reference to the ultrastructure of inclusions in the brain and lung.

A 7-year-old boy, who was diagnosed as typical SSPE by clinical data and laboratory findings, was autopsied and observed by immunofluorescent techniques, light and electron microscope. The morphological characteristics in the brain were perivascular cuffings with plasma cells, lymphocytes and mononuclear cells, gliosis and a large number of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in the neuroglias and nerve cells. Various kinds of intranuclear inclusions were elucidated by electron microscopy and the fin structures of these inclusions were described in detail. At least five types of intranuclear inclusions were regarded as specific in SSPE. The presence of intranuclear inclusions of mononuclear cells in the lungs resembling the inclusions in the neuroglias suggested that the disease was not localized in the brain but could be disseminated throughout the body.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

The physiological properties of amine-containing neurones in the lobster nervous system.

1. Our previous studies have shown that octopamine and serotonin are found associated with a system of neurones in the connective tissue sheath of the second roots of lobster thoracic ganglia. To try to understand the mechanism of activation of these neurones, we undertook an examination of their general physiological properties. 2. All of the neurones receive excitatory synaptic input that has a cholinergic pharmacology, which suggests that it may be from sensory neurones. A very limited number of cells, possibly one, provdes the total synaptic input to all the cells in the roots of the second and third thoracic segments. 3. The cells within one root are electronically coupled to each other. The extent of coupling varies widely between cells; on occasion the coupling is sufficiently tight for action potentials originating in one cell to trigger action potentials in the neighbouring cell. 4. The majority of the cells show no spontaneous activity at temperatures below 14 degrees C, but become spontaneously active above that temperature. Cells cycle reversibly from silent to continuously active to bursting and back as the temperature is increased and decreased. 5. Octopamine and serotonin both inhibit the bursting activity. The octopamine response is blocked by phentolamine but not by propranolol, while the inhibitory action of serotonin is unaffected by either of these drugs. The amine-inhibition of the firing could be an autoregulatory mechanism for cell activity. 6. The physiological properties described in this paper suggest that the widely dispersed amine-containing neurones in lobsters behave like a neurosecretory organ in terms of their mechanism of activation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

The ductus reuniens and utriculo-endolymphatic valve in the presence of endolymphatic hydrops in guinea-pigs.

Described in the foregoing are postoperative changes in the ductus reuniens and the utriculo-endolymphatic valve of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear upon obstruction of the endolymphatic duct in normal guinea-pigs. The ductus reuniens was postoperatively dilated more than three times that of the normal ear, and dilated to a maximum degree within the first 12 hours. The utriculo-endolymphatic valve was found to be open two days after the operation, and there was a tendency for the number of animals with an open valve to increase with time. At three weeks and also at two months after the operation, there were some animals whose utricles were compressed by the dilated saccules, and as a result, their utricular ducts and utriculo-endolymphatic valves appeared narrowed.

Animals↗