Biomedical subjects

S Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to S Kondo.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

[Neurophysiological studies on group A xeroderma pigmentosum in early childhood].

Neurophysiological studies were performed on 8 patients with group A xeroderma pigmentosum during early childhood. EEG, ABR and NCV were normal during this period. In contrast, various sleep parameters detected by polysomnography showed abnormal findings even in the neurologically normal patient. Decreased % sleep REM was seen in a case, and decreased frequency of REMs were seen in another. Body movements were extremely high or low in frequency in 3 cases in whole night sleep. The distribution of body movements were abnormal; in control subjects, the frequency was higher in SREM and stage 1 than in slow wave sleep; in 7 cases, it was higher in slow wave sleep than in stage 1 or 2, or body movements were extremely frequent. Neurological examination revealed soft signs in various systems in early childhood. All cases except one showed hypotonia. Many cases were slow in learning to walk and the gait was unstable. Speech delay and decreased deep tendon reflexes, especially of patella, were seen in most cases. Since the neural deficits in XP may be related to the DNA repair defect, these findings indicate the possibility that some endogenous compounds distributing all over the nervous system might produce the DNA damages. Because the body movements during sleep are controlled by the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, present data indicate that the basal ganglia might be one of the earliest degenerative systems in the CNS. Recently, some studies have suggested the possibility that oxygen radical mechanisms might be involved in the development of the dopamine neurodegenerative process in Parkinson's disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

[Monoclonal antibody analysis of glomerular, tubulo-interstitial infiltrating immune cells in various glomerulonephritis].

To investigate the role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in glomerulonephritis (GN), we identified the infiltrating immune cells both within the glomerulus and in the interstitium. Frozen sections from 103 patients with various forms of GN: 10 with minor glomerular abnormality (MGA) as control, 10 with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), 10 with membranous nephropathy (MN), 9 with focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS), 30 with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 22 with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), and 2 with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) were examined using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) by indirect immunoalkaline-phosphatase labelling. In most glomerulonephritis, monocyte/M phi and helper/inducer T cells were predominantly infiltrating in the interstitium, but intraglomerular infiltration was rare, except for APSGN. This interstitial infiltration increased proportionally to the level of serum creatinine, and was most prominent in RPGN. Apparently different distribution was seen in APSGN, that is, prominent increase in total number of intra-glomerular monocyte/M phi infiltration with slightly increased T cells. The change was correlated with time after onset; namely the more leucocytic infiltration was observed when the tissue was taken earlier. These data suggest that in APSGN, monocyte/M phi accumulate in glomeruli via cell mediated immunity in addition to humoral immune mechanism resulting in glomerular hypercellularity, whereas in most chronic glomerulonephritis interstitial leucocyte infiltration, particularly helper T cells and monocyte/M phi may play an important role in the progression of glomerulonephritis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Laboratory tests on cancer].

Extensive research on "Cancer" have been undertaken using inovative techniques. However, the knowledge and techniques gained from this research has not fully been introduced into clinical laboratories, except for analysis of tumor markers in the blood or in the cells and some oncogenes. In this symposium, we show some possibilities in transferring the new knowledge and techniques from research laboratories to clinical laboratories. These lectures will inspire us to introduce more tests on "Cancer" into the laboratories.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗

PubMed1990

[Rationale of paraaortic lymph nodes dissection for advanced gallbladder cancer].

Paraaortic lymph nodes dissection was performed routinely in 28 patients with advanced gallbladder cancer who underwent curative or relative non-curative resection. In 10 patients out of 28 (36%), metastasis was found in the dissected paraaortic nodes. The incidence of paraaortic lymph nodes metastasis was 50% when the gallbladder serosa or adjacent organs were involved by cancer. If routine paraaortic lymph nodes dissection had not been carried out, the operation would be regarded as curative in 4 patients out of 10 with paraaortic lymph nodes metastasis. The incidence of paraaortic lymph nodes metastasis was twice higher than that of the mesenteric root and the metastatic route was possibly derived directly from the retroportal and/or retropancreactic nodes. Therefore, we emphasize that the paraaortic nodes should be regarded as the nodes between the 2nd group such as the retroportal or retropancreatic nodes and the 3rd group including the nodes of mesenteric root. In spite of positive paraaortic nodes, mean survival time of the patients without other non-curative factors was 26 months and the longest survival was 42 months. It seems that paraaortic nodes dissection has palliative effects to prolong the survival period of those patients. Paraaortic lymph nodes dissection should be employed in radical operative procedures for advanced gallbladder cancer.

Aorta↗

PubMed1990

Autonomic receptors in urinary tract: sex and age differences.

As age and sex affect the function of the lower urinary tract, we studied the characteristics of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in various parts of lower urinary tract smooth muscle of young (6 months) and old (4 1/2-5 years) male and female rabbits. Saturation experiments performed with [3H]prazosin, [3H]yohimbine, [3H]dihydroalprenolol and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate in rabbit bladder base, bladder dome and urethra indicate the presence of regional, sex- and age-related differences in the density of alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor density is considerably higher in the female than in the male urethra of both age groups, whereas the higher density of beta adrenergic receptors in the female than in the male bladder base is observed only in the younger animals. The density of muscarinic receptors is higher in bladder dome than in bladder base or urethra in young rabbits of both sexes. In the old animals, the density of muscarinic receptors in bladder base increases to the level observed in bladder dome. Inhibition experiments with selective adrenergic agonists and antagonists indicate that the pharmacological profiles of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the urethra and beta adrenergic receptors in the bladder dome and bladder base are similar in both sexes and at both ages. Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are shown to be predominant in bladder base and bladder dome of rabbits. Parallel studies in rabbit urethra, adult rat cortex and neonatal rat lung show that the urethral alpha-2 adrenergic receptors are of the alpha-2A subtype.

Aging↗

PubMed1990

Combined resection of the inferior vena cava for hepato-biliary and pancreatic malignancies.

Seven cases of hepato-biliary and pancreatic malignancies that underwent partial resection of the inferior vena cava) were reviewed. Histological findings of inferior venca cava involvement were direct invasion in 5 cases, tumor thrombus in 1 case, and adhesion in 1 case. Correct preoperative diagnosis of inferior vena cava involvement was made in only 2 cases. A retrospective study on enhanced CT revealed that irregular deformity of the inferior vena cava had suggested inferior vena cava involvement. Total occlusion of the inferior vena cava was employed temporarily for inferior vena cava resection in 3 cases. A saphenous vein graft was used for reconstruction in 2 cases. Complications due to inferior vena cava resection are, as yet, unknown. One patient is alive, without recurrence, 24 months after the operation. One case underwent re-resection of liver metastasis, and is alive 17 months after the operation. Although advanced hepato-biliary and pancreatic malignancies involving inferior vena cava have been regarded as having a poor prognosis, an aggressive surgical approach may be applicable in some cases.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

Identification of the two types of specific receptor for activin/EDF expressed on Friend leukemia and embryonal carcinoma cells.

Activin and inhibin are polypeptide factors which control the release of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) from pituitary cells. The recent finding that erythroid differentiation factor(EDF) is identical to activin showed the multifunctional feature of this protein. To identify the specific receptor for activin, the binding of 125I-labeled activinA was investigated for a number of culture cell lines. Friends leukemia cell, which can be differentiated by activin, and embryonal carcinoma(EC) cells(PCC3, P19 and F9), were found to express 3500-20,000 per cell of activin receptors. Scatchard plot analysis of the binding data shows that the receptors on those cells could be divided into two groups with different Kd values. The Kd values of high and low affinity receptors are 0.15-0.4 nM and 1.5-3.0 nM respectively. The proportion of the number of the high and low affinity receptors was varied in each cell. Inhibin was able to compete for activin binding to both types of receptors, although the binding affinity was about 50-200 fold lower than that of activinA. Transforming growth factor-beta had no binding ability to the activin receptors.

Activins↗

PubMed1989

Isolation and identification of 3-deoxy-D-threo-hexulosonic acid as a constituent of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotypes O7 and O12.

Treatment of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotypes O7 and O12 with mild acid gave a compound which, on the basis of chemical analysis, g.l.c.-m.s., and 1H and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, was characterized as 3-deoxy-D-threo-hexulosonic acid and shown to be present as a terminal non-substituted pyranose unit.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗

PubMed1989

Reduced levels of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in epidermal keratinocytes of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and correlation with development of skin neoplasms.

Primary epidermal keratinocytes obtained from 25 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) (nine with XP-A, one with XP-C, two with XP-D, five with XP-E, and eight with XP-variant) exhibited less UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) than did those from 34 normal subjects. Levels of UDS depended greatly on the type of XP; i.e., 3-17% of the control in XP-A, 14% in XP-C, 33-53% in XP-D, 38-77% in XP-E and 58-98% in XP-variant. The extent of UDS in epidermal keratinocytes was almost the same as that in dermal fibroblasts in XP-C, D, and E, but in three out of eight of the XP-variant the level of UDS in epidermal keratinocytes was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. Clinically, three out of nine XP-A patients developed skin neoplasms before 20 years of age. Both patients with XP-D developed skin neoplasms around 40 years of age. In the five XP-E patients, two developed multiple basal cell epithelioma on sun-exposed areas during the forth decade, and one of them also developed squamous cell carcinoma at the age of 50. Four out of the eight patients with the XP-variant developed various skin neoplasms during their 20s and 30s. These results suggest that a defect in UV-induced UDS in epidermal keratinocytes of XP patients is responsible for skin carcinogenesis and the extent to which this defect occurs tends to relate to the age of onset of skin neoplasms.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

The characterization of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes of the upper and lower renal pelvis in rabbits.

We characterized the beta-adrenergic receptors in the upper (pacemaker) and lower (nonpacemaker) regions of the rabbit renal pelvis, using radioligand binding techniques. [3H]Dihydroalprenolol was the ligand used for determining the total density of beta-adrenergic receptors. The beta-1 and beta-2 subtypes of beta-adrenergic receptors were defined by inhibition of [3H]DHA binding by ICI 89,406, a beta-1 selective antagonist, and ICI 118,551, a beta-2 selective antagonist. Saturation studies with [3H]DHA showed that there was no significant difference in the equilibrium dissociation constant, KD, and the maximum number of binding sites Bmax, between the upper and lower renal pelvis. Although the inhibition constants of ICI 118,551 were smaller than those of ICI 89,406 in both the upper and lower pelvis, indicating a predominance of beta-2 receptors in both regions, the Ki values of ICI 118,551 were significantly greater in the upper than in lower pelvis. These data suggest that there are significant amounts of beta-adrenergic receptors in the rabbit renal pelvis without regional differences in the total density of beta receptors and that there is a greater proportion of beta-2 subtypes in the lower than in the upper renal pelvis.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed1989

Annular erythema: a possible association with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

In four patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome a distinct annular erythema developed, which was characterized by a wide, elevated border (which can be likened to a doughnut ring) and central pallor. Histologically, there was a coat sleeve-like infiltration of lymphocytes around blood vessels and nuclear debris in the connective tissue. Vasculitis or epidermal changes suggestive of lupus erythematosus were not observed, and there was no immunoglobulin deposition along the basement membrane zone. This annular erythema may be a cutaneous manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Neonatal lupus erythematosus with a high anticardiolipin antibody titer. Unusual variant of neonatal lupus erythematosus or early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus?

A malar rash associated with severe gastrointestinal manifestations developed in a 4-month-old baby 3 months after a normal delivery. Serum complement and IgA levels were low during the active phase of the illness. An increased anticardiolipin antibody titer was demonstrated at the onset of disease and persisted for more than 6 months, at which time the skin and gastrointestinal manifestations subsided. The baby's mother, who had no symptoms, had an elevated Ro (SS-A) antibody titer and a moderately elevated anticardiolipin antibody titer.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗

PubMed1989

The influence of cold temperatures on the progression of hypertension: an epidemiological study.

In order to clarify the relationship between cold temperatures and the progression of hypertension, a prospective epidemiological study was carried out in a cold area of Hokkaido, Japan. We analysed the findings in 909 subjects, who were followed up for 8 years (1977 to 1985). The difference between the mean blood pressure in winter and in summer in the first year was significantly and positively correlated with the difference between the mean blood pressure in the first and in the eighth year. The winter/summer difference was significantly higher in the group with progressive hypertension than in the other groups. The pressor response to exposure to cold was significantly greater in hypertensives, and tended to be higher in borderline hypertensives compared with normotensives. From these results, we conclude that a cold environment might increase the inhabitants' blood pressure levels, and the difference between a subject's blood pressure in winter and summer may predict future hypertension.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Chemical and biological properties of lipopolysaccharide, lipid A and degraded polysaccharide from Wolinella recta ATCC 33238.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated and purified from Wolinella recta ATCC 33238 by the phenol-water procedure and RNAase treatment. The sugar components of the LPS were rhamnose, mannose, glucose, heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) (3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate) and glucosamine. The degraded polysaccharide prepared from LPS by mild acid hydrolysis was fractionated by Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography into three fractions: (1) a high-molecular-mass fraction, eluting just behind the void volume, consisting of a long chain of rhamnose (22 mols per 3 mols of heptose residue) with attached core oligosaccharide; (2) a core oligosaccharide containing heptose, glucose and KDO, substituted with a short side chain of rhamnose; (3) a low-molecular-mass fraction containing KDO and phosphate. The main fatty acids of the lipid A were C12:0, C14:0, 3-OH-C14:0 and 3-OH-C16:0. The biological activities of the LPS were similar to those of Salmonella typhimurium LPS in activation of the clotting enzyme of Limulus amoebocytes, the Schwartzman reaction and mitogenicity for murine lymphocytes, although all the biological activities of lipid A were lower than those of intact LPS.

Bacteroidaceae↗

PubMed1989

Relationship between structure and antigenicity of O1 Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharides.

The relationship between the release of fructose from O1 Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by dilute acetic acid hydrolysis and the decrease in their antigenicity was examined. Decrease in the antigenicity of LPS was not parallel with the release of fructose, and occurred very much later than the latter. Periodate oxidation of LPS resulted in the total elimination of the fructose and glucose, and two-thirds of the heptose constituents, but no difference in the antigenicity of LPS was observed before and after oxidation. These findings indicate that the fructose present in O1 V. cholerae LPS is not substantially involved in their specific antigenicity. In the O1 V. cholerae LPS, the fructose is in the branch structure, most probably in the core region.

Acetates↗

PubMed1989

Use of human epidermal cells in the study of carcinogenesis.

Because of the importance of human cells, particularly human epithelial cells, in cancer research, we have studied certain phases or events of carcinogenesis using human epidermal cells in primary culture. 1) We found that human epidermal cells are capable of metabolizing benzo[a]pyrene. Large inter-individual variations are found in the basal and induced arylhydrocarbon-hydroxylase activities. 2) UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis was demonstrated in human epidermal cells on autoradiographs. We also found that DNA repair is defective in epidermal cells isolated from xeroderma pigmentosum by a new explant-outgrowth culture. 3) Human epidermal cells are unique in that there is a large number of binding sites to phorbol esters compared with mouse epidermal cells, but there is no down-regulation. Further, human epidermal cells show essentially negative responses to tumor promoters, i.e., no stimulation of DNA synthesis, sugar uptake, and no induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity. 4) Human epidermal cells contain 1.5 x 10(5) binding sites per cell for epidermal growth factor (EGF), whereas squamous cell carcinomas of skin and oral cavity have larger amounts of EGF receptors in the order of 10(6) per cell. 5) Based on the above results, we attempted to transform human epidermal cells by the treatment with chemical carcinogens, but until now no transformation was obtained.

Benzo(a)pyrene↗

PubMed1989

Sugar composition of the polysaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio mimicus.

A chemotaxonomic study was carried out on Vibrio fluvialis and V. vulnificus on the basis of the sugar composition of the polysaccharide portion of their lipopolysaccharides (LPS). A previously developed rapid method of preparing samples for compositional sugar analysis was employed. Nineteen O-serogroups of V. fluvialis were divided into 14 chemotypes while seven O-serogroups of V. vulnifucus were divided also into seven chemotypes since the polysaccharide portion of LPS of each serogroup has a different sugar composition from that of the other serogroups. Close similarities in the sugar composition of the same portion were demonstrated between serologically cross-reacting non-O1 group V. cholerae and V. fluvialis, and non-O1 V. cholerae and V. mimicus.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1989

Sugar composition of the polysaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharides isolated from non-O1 Vibrio cholerae O2 to O41, O44, and O68.

The sugar composition of the polysaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was determined for 42 serovars of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae, i.e., from serogroups O2 to O41, O44, and O68. On the basis of their compositional sugar pattern, they were classified into 24 chemotypes. 2-Keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) was totally undetectable by the conventional color test (Weissbach's reaction) under the conventional hydrolysis conditions. Instead, a kind of KDO-like substance, which was positive in the reaction but not identical to KDO, was found in serogroup O19. Fructose, a characteristic sugar constituent of O1 V. cholerae LPS, was found in 33 serogroups but was absent from nine serogroups, approximately 20% of the members of this group so far examined.

Carbohydrates↗