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Biomedical subjects

S Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to S Kondo.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Localization of tissue plasminogen activator on experimental microthrombi in rats. Microautoradiographic observations.

The localization of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) on microthrombi in various organs of disseminated intravascular coagulation rats (DIC rats) was investigated by using microautoradiographic technique. After the injection of [125I]fibrinogen, experimental DIC rats induced by the infusion of thrombin for 1 h were submitted to microautoradiograms (MARGMs) of some major organs. The radioactivity of [125I]fibrin thrombi, which were observed as silver grains, was localized in the glomeruli and parts of small vessels in the kidney. In the liver, microthrombi were seen in sinusoid vessels and on Kupffer cells. In addition, many microthrombi were noted in small vessels in the lung and marginal zones in the spleen. Two min after the intravenous administration of [125I]t-PA to DIC rats, many silver grains were observed on each MARGM of the kidney, lung, liver and spleen showing the formation of microthrombi. From the identical results with the observations of MARGMs after the injection of [125I]fibrinogen, we confirmed that t-PA was highly accumulated to microthrombi formed in small vessels of the organs. The scattered silver grains were widely observed on the hepatocytes. This result suggested that t-PA bound to the parenchymal cell surface might be transported into the hepatocytes by receptor-mediated endocytosis. On the other hand, when [125I]urokinase plasminogen activator [( 125I]u-PA) was administered intravenously to DIC rats, many silver grains were observed on MARGM of the proximal tubules in the kidney but not seen on MARGMs of the glomeruli in the kidney, nor in the lung, liver, and spleen. This observation suggested that u-PA might not have a characteristic to accumulate to thrombi.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Mechanochemical solid state reactions of natural products for medicinal use containing hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives].

In commercial powdered natural products for medicinal use containing various combined forms of hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives such as Sennae Folium, Cassiae Semen, Rhei Rhizoma and Aloe a considerable amount of stable free radicals (ca. 10(17)-10(18) spin/g) was found to be contained by use of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectral measurements. It was also found that the vibratory milling of such powders in a metallic vessel enhanced the ESR spectral intensities, demonstrating the occurrence of mechanoradical formation. Separate experiments also demonstrated that the vibratory milling of various kinds of powdered hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives mixed with calcium oxalate has produced the mechanoradicals effectively, but they decayed gradually on standing at room temperature. It was suggested, therefore, that the mechanoradicals formed in the above natural products are metal complexes of the corresponding semiquinone anion radicals induced by solid state one electron transfer mechanism from the active metal surface, part of which is further immobilized in polymeric fibers or the like in the plant tissues.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1991

Tissue misrepair hypothesis for radiation carcinogenesis.

Dose-response curves for chronic leukemia in A-bomb survivors and liver tumors in patients given Thorotrast (colloidal thorium dioxide) show large threshold effects. The existence of these threshold effects can be explained by the following hypothesis. A high dose of radiation causes a persistent wound in a cell-renewable tissue. Disorder of the injured cell society partly frees the component cells from territorial restraints on their proliferation, enabling them to continue development of their cellular functions toward advanced autonomy. This progression might be achieved by continued epigenetic and genetic changes as a result of occasional errors in the otherwise concerted healing action of various endogenous factors recruited for tissue repair. Carcinogenesis is not simply a single-cell problem but a cell-society problem. Therefore, it is not warranted to estimate risk at low doses by linear extrapolation from cancer data at high doses without knowledge of the mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Priority of peak circadian variation of bronchial responsiveness to the trough of circadian variation of bronchial caliber in asthmatic children.

To study the temporal relation between the peak of circadian variation of bronchial responsiveness and the trough of circadian variation of bronchial caliber, we performed seven inhalation challenges with histamine at 4-h intervals in six stable asthmatic children aged eight to ten years. Bronchial responsiveness was expressed as PC20. Coefficient of variation of baseline FEV1 within the study day was less than 7 percent in all. The trough of FEV1 variation by cosinor analysis ranged from 02.50 to 11.99 h (mean, 05.66). All had both significant (p less than 0.05) or marginally significant (0.05 less than p less than 0.1) cosinusoidal rhythm of PC20 and two or more doubling concentration differences between the highest and lowest PC20s. The trough of PC20 variation ranged from 16.32 to 02.87 h (mean, 22.30). There was a significant (p less than 0.05) difference between troughs of FEV1 and PC20 variations. We conclude that the peak of circadian variation of bronchial responsiveness precedes the trough of circadian variation of bronchial caliber in asthmatic children.

Asthma↗
PubMed1991

The effects of influenza virus infection on FEV1 in asthmatic children. The time-course study.

To study the time-course of influenza-induced asthma, we retrospectively examined FEV1 from five days before to ten days after the onset of illness in 20 asthmatic children aged 8 to 12 years with tolerable respiratory symptoms. Influenza infection was confirmed by a rise at least fourfold in serum complement fixation titers. Fifteen of 20 patients had decrease in FEV1 more than 20 percent from baseline during the acute stage. FEV1 began to decrease with the onset of illness in the 15 patients with the exception of one whose FEV1 decreased during the incubation period. It continuously decreased on the second day, when mean (+/- SD) decrease in FEV1 became maximum, 30.3 +/- 10.9 percent. It began to improve on the third day, and returned within 10 percent difference on the seventh to tenth day. We conclude that influenza-induced asthma may continuously deteriorate during the first two days of illness and may require at least seven days for recovery.

Asthma↗
PubMed1991

[A three-dimensional computerized reconstruction of the rectum, anus and surrounding muscles of the rat fetus at the 20th gestation day].

Using fetuses of Wistar/I rats on the 20th gestation day. We designed a three-dimensional computerized reconstruction of the rectum, anus and the surrounding muscles. The tissues were fixed in Bouin's solution sagittally sectioned serially were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Light microscopic pictures at 40 x magnification were subjected to the analysis using a three-dimensional image processing system, consisting of a drum-scanner, a general purpose computer (Micro VAX II), and a color image processor. The results showed that this system clearly reconstructed the three-dimensional image of the rectum, anus and the surrounding muscles and suggested the presence of the puborectal muscle sling.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1991

Antifungal and antiviral activities of benanomicins and their analogues.

In vitro activities of benanomicins and their analogues against human immunodeficiency virus and fungi including Candida, Cryptococcus and Aspergillus, were examined. The free carboxyl group and at least one sugar moiety in the benanomicins were essential for their activities. Benanomicin A was most active and had low toxicity, and was selected as the best candidate for chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of new minor benanomicins.

Four minor benanomicins, dexylosylbenanomicins A and B, 2'-demethylbenanomicin A and 7-methoxybenanomicinone have been isolated from the culture filtrate of Actinomadura sp. MH193-16F4. Their structures were confirmed by spectral analyses. Dexylosylbenanomicins A and B were derived chemically from benanomicins A and B, respectively.

Anthracyclines↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic value of Lipiodol injection in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.

We encountered a case of small focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver. It was difficult to distinguish FNH from hepatocellular carcinoma by means of sonography, computed tomography (CT), and angiography. After the injection of Lipiodol, it accumulated densely on FNH, but was washed away after a short time, as observed on the follow-up CT. This progress was different from that in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for advanced carcinoma of the biliary tract.

Twenty-four patients with advanced carcinoma of the gallbladder and/or the bile duct underwent hepatopancreatoduodenectomy, that is, en bloc hepatic resection with pancreatoduodenectomy. They included 14 cases of gallbladder carcinoma, nine cases of bile duct carcinoma, and one case of double cancer of the gallbladder and the bile duct. Eleven kinds of hepatic lobectomy or segmentectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy were carried out, and the caudate lobe was also removed en bloc from 17 patients with carcinoma involving the hepatic hilus. Combined resection of the portal vein was performed in 11 patients, of the inferior vena cava in 2, and of the colon in 5, patients. Forty-four postoperative complications occurred in 22 patients (91.7%). The operative mortality rate was 12.5% (3/24). The median survival and the 2-year survival rate were 7.0 months and 17.9% for all 24 patients, including 3 operative deaths, or 11.0 months and 20.4% for 21 patients surviving hepatopancreatoduodenectomy, and 12.4 months and 20.8% for all 14 patients with gallbladder carcinoma, and 5.2 months and 14.8% for all 9 patients with bile duct carcinoma. The longest survivor died of recurrent tumors at 5 years and 7 months. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy offered not only an unexpectedly long survival period, but also unexpected morbidity in some cases.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1991

[Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics. Classification by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and antibiotics active against MRSA].

MICs of 14 aminoglycoside antibiotics including 10 of those used clinically were determined against 50 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which had been isolated at a hospital in Osaka between 1986 and 1990. Arbekacin (ABK) inhibited the growth of all strains at less than or equal to 0.20-6.25 micrograms/ml, showing the most potent activities. Streptomycin showed good activities (1.56-6.25 micrograms/ml) against all strains except one resistant strain (greater than 100 micrograms/ml). Based on susceptibilities to kanamycin (98% resistant), tobramycin (84%), gentamicin (62%), amikacin (36%) and ABK (0%), MRSA strains were classified into 5 types; type 0 producing no aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme, type 1a producing APH(3'), type 1b producing AAD(4', 4''), type 2a producing APH (2'')/AAC(6') and APH(3'), and type 2b producing APH(2'')/AAC(6') and AAD(4', 4''). In addition to the aminoglycoside antibiotics, 13 known antibiotics including vancomycin (VCM) were found active against MRSA upon random screening. Taitomycin (0.013-0.050 micrograms/ml) was the most potent, and griseoluteins A and B (each 0.10-0.39 micrograms/ml), and macarbomycin (0.05-0.20 micrograms/ml) were more active than VCM (0.39-1.56 micrograms/ml). Novobiocin (less than or equal to 0.20-0.78 micrograms/ml) also showed good activities.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1991

Hypersensitivity of skin fibroblasts from patients with chronic actinic dermatitis to ultraviolet B (UVB), UVA and superoxide radical.

The sensitivity of fibroblasts derived from patients with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) ultraviolet B (UVB), UVA and superoxide radical was examined. Fibroblasts from the skin of 3 patients with CAD showed abnormal hypersensitivity after exposure to mid-UV (UVB) and near-UV (UVA) radiation in both the dividing and quiescent phases. In their dividing phases, the 3 cell strains (CAD1TO, CAD2TO and CAD3TO) exhibited 78, 55 and 82 J/m2 for the mean lethal dose (Do) values in UVB survival curves. In the quiescent phases their Do values were 262, 226 and 165 J/m2, respectively. Regarding UVA sensitivity, Do value in the dividing phases were 4.9, 3.9 and 3.8 x 10(4) J/m2, and in the quiescent phases, 2.0, 1.9 and 1.7 x 10(5) J/m2. Do values were lower than in the cell strains derived from healthy individuals (Do = 120 +/- 18 and 390 +/- 72 J/m2) for UVB sensitivity in the dividing and quiescent phases and (5.9 +/- 0.6) x 10(4) and (3.2 +/- 1.0) x 10(5) J/m2 for UVA sensitivity in the dividing and quiescent phases. DNA repair synthesis was similar between the cell lines. Furthermore, the 3 CAD cell lines showed a higher sensitivity to superoxide radical generated by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase treatment. These results suggest that patients with CAD may suffer from a defect in dealing with damage induced by oxygen radicals.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of abnormal lipid metabolism to glomerular injury].

To clarify the effect of abnormal lipid metabolism and lipid deposition in glomerular injuries, we conducted clinical and pathological examination of various glomerulonephritis. There was no relationship between serum TC, TG or apo B and renal deposition of apo B or TG in glomerulonephritis. Apo B staining was intense for MCNS but was very weak for FGS. The staining was more intense in higher grade of glomerular injury in IgAN. Apo B demonstrated a specific pattern for MN, MPGN and lupus nephritis. These data suggest that apo B deposition reflects disturbance of glomerular permselectivity of macromolecules including abnormal influx, transport and endocytosis of macromolecules.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1991

Age-related changes in photosensitivity and cellular sensitivity to ultraviolet B in a xeroderma pigmentosum group E patient.

Skin phototesting and cellular sensitivity studies were performed in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation group E (XP80TO) at the ages of 50 and 55 years. She showed a reduced minimal erythema dose at both ages, but the dose at age 55 was much lower than that at age 50 when tested with monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) light (280, 290 and 300 nm). The cellular sensitivity to UVC (254 nm), UVB and UVA and UVC-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis were examined using fibroblasts obtained by skin biopsy at the ages of 50 and 55 (XP80TO-1 and XP80TO-2, respectively). DNA synthesis was similar in both cell lines. XP80TO-2 cells were more sensitive to UVB cytotoxicity than XP80TO-1 cells in both the dividing and quiescent phases, but both cell lines exhibited a similar sensitivity to UVC and UVA. These results suggest that the in vitro cellular sensitivity to UVB may correlate with the clinically observed erythema reaction. Further, the results suggest that some XP complementation group E cases at least may show an increase in photosensitivity in vivo and in vitro with aging.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of ME1220 and ME1221, novel cephalosporins.

The antibacterial activities and serum pharmacokinetic properties of ME1220 and ME1221, new aminothiazolylalkoxyiminoacetylcephalosporins having an N-alkylpyridiniumthiomethyl side chain at C-3, were compared with those of cefpirome and ceftazidime. ME1220 and ME1221 exhibited broad antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The in vitro and in vivo activities of ME1220 were similar to cefpirome, while ME1221 was superior to ceftazidime against almost all test organisms except pseudomonas. On intravenous injection in rats, ME1220 and ME1221 were excreted mainly in the urine. ME1221 was excreted moderately in the bile and showed higher serum concentration and AUC than those of ME1220.

Animals↗