Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to S Kondo.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Differential modulation of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in human epidermal keratinocytes by UVB.

Conflicting reports exist concerning ultraviolet-B (UVB) effects on keratinocyte (KC) interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression. To clarify the modulatory effects of UVB on IL-1, the following study was undertaken. Normal human epidermal KCs cultured in a standard low Ca2+ and serum-free medium were irradiated in quiescent phase with UVB. In this study, we used semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine the mRNA level of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). After exposure to 100 or 300 J/m2 UVB, a transient increase in mRNA levels was observed within 1 hour for IL-1 alpha and 3 to 6 h for IL-1 beta. Following this transient induction, mRNA levels for both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta returned to steady-state levels after 100 J/m2. After 300 J/m2 irradiation, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta levels were downregulated compared to unirradiated cultures at 24-h post-irradiation. The half-life for IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta was estimated using actinomycin D treatment. Both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNAs half-lives (t1/2) decreased faster in irradiated cells (t1/2 = 30 minutes for IL-1 alpha and 2 h for IL-1 beta) compared to unirradiated cells (t1/2 = 1 h and 4 h, respectively). These results suggest that IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression are differentially regulated by UVB. In contrast to down-regulation of mRNA levels, a significant increase in IL-1 alpha protein levels, measured by ELISA, was observed in culture supernatants from 6 h to 24 h after 300 J/m2 UVB irradiation. Cycloheximide treatment did not abrogate this increase in IL-1 alpha protein level. Since this dose of UVB irradiation decreased the stability of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA, this suggests that the release of IL-1 alpha after UVB irradiation was due to leakage from UVB-damaged cells and not from de novo protein synthesis.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1994

Interleukin-1 beta inhibits gastric histamine secretion and synthesis in the rat.

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is the most potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion known at present. Although histamine has been shown to be an important mediator of gastric acid secretion, the effect of IL-1 beta on gastric histamine mobilization has not been studied. In the present study, the effects of IL-1 beta on gastric acid secretion and gastric histamine mobilization were investigated in conscious rats with both gastric and vesical fistulas. IL-1 beta (5 micrograms/kg iv) significantly inhibited basal acid secretion but did not affect basal urinary histamine excretion and fundic histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity. Gastrin-17-I (1 nmol.kg-1.h-1) caused a marked increase in acid secretion, urinary histamine secretion, and fundic HDC activity. IL-1 beta (5 micrograms/kg iv) completely inhibited gastrin-induced acid secretion and partially inhibited urinary histamine excretion and fundic HDC activity. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg ip) partially reversed the inhibitory effects of IL-1 beta on gastrin-stimulated fundic HDC activity and acid secretion. These findings indicate that IL-1 beta inhibits gastric histamine mobilization through both prostaglandin-dependent and prostaglandin-independent pathways. Furthermore, it is suggested that the inhibitory action of IL-1 beta on gastric acid secretion is mediated by the inhibition of gastric histamine mobilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Chronic actinic dermatitis: a clinical and photobiological study in 6 Japanese patients.

Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) has distinct clinical features different from polymorphous light eruption (PLE). In order to clarify the difference between CAD and PLE, not only in clinical histories and findings but also in photobiological and histopathological reactions to phototests, we investigated 6 Japanese patients with CAD and performed provocative phototests which are our standardized methods in diagnosing PLE. On provocative phototests in CAD, pruritic papules were reproduced with smaller doses of UVB, at longer hours after irradiation (48-72 h) and they lasted for more days than in patients with PLE. Our study demonstrated that although milder cases of CAD and severe cases of PLE could not be distinguished clearly based on photobiological reactions alone, typical cases of CAD showed completely different provocative phototest results from those of PLE.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Segmental differences in the density of autonomic receptors in dog vas deferens.

In order to study the segmental difference in the density of autonomic receptors of the vas deferens, we measured the amount of adrenergic alpha 1-, alpha 2- and beta-receptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the three portions (prostatic, intermediate and epididymal) of dog vas deferens using radioligand binding techniques. Saturation experiments with 3H-prazosin, 3H-yohimbine, 3H-dihydroxyalprenolol and 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate demonstrated that three were significant amounts of adrenergic alpha 1-, alpha 2- and beta-receptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the three portions of dog vas deferens. Of the three portions examined, the prostatic portion was found to have a larger amount of alpha 1-, alpha 2-receptors and muscarinic receptors, while the intermediate portion was found to have a larger amount of beta-receptors. The epididymal portion was found to have a smaller amount of autonomic receptors. These data suggest that the prostatic portion plays a more important role in the function of the dog vas deferens. It is thought that the different segments of the vas deferens have a different functional role according to the distribution of autonomic receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Proteoglycan form of macrophage colony-stimulating factor binds low density lipoprotein.

We recently isolated a proteoglycan form of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (PG-M-CSF) that carries a chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan chain. Here, we examined the interaction of PG-M-CSF with low density lipoprotein (LDL). When LDL preincubated with PG-M-CSF was fractionated by molecular size sieving chromatography, it was eluted earlier than untreated LDL. When LDL was preincubated with chondroitin sulfate-free 85-kD M-CSF instead of PG-M-CSF, the elution profile of LDL remained unchanged, indicating specific interaction between PG-M-CSF and LDL. The level of PG-M-CSF binding in the wells of a plastic microtitration plate precoated with LDL was significant, this binding being completely abolished by pretreatment of PG-M-CSF with chondroitinase AC, which degrades chondroitin sulfate. The addition of exogenous chondroitin sulfate or apolipoprotein B inhibited the binding of PG-M-CSF to LDL in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the interaction between PG-M-CSF and LDL was mediated by the binding of the chondroitin sulfate chain of PG-M-CSF to LDL apolipoprotein B. PG-M-CSF was also demonstrated in the arterial wall, and there were increased amounts of PG-M-CSF in atherosclerotic lesions. The in vitro interaction between PG-M-CSF and LDL thus appears to have physiological significance.

Aorta↗
PubMed1994

Interferon-gamma induces a decrease in the susceptibility of human glioma cells to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells.

We studied the effect that treating two types of glioblastoma cell lines, U-87 MG and U-251 MG, with interferon (IFN)-gamma had on their susceptibility to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. We also examined the participation of cell-adhesion molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II antigens present on the target cells in lysis by LAK cells. Treatment with IFN-gamma (1000 U/ml) for 48 hours resulted in the increased expression of both intercellular-adhesion molecule 1 and MHC class I antigens on tumor cells. In addition, untreated tumor cells expressed neural-cell-adhesion molecules and MHC class II antigens highly, but their expression was not affected by IFN-gamma treatment. These changes in expression were accompanied by a decreased susceptibility to lysis by LAK cells. Treatment with antisense-intercellular-adhesion molecule-1 oligonucleotide further inhibited LAK lysis of target cells, following treatment with IFN-gamma. In contrast, acid treatment of tumor cells after treatment with IFN-gamma increased their susceptibility to lysis by LAK cells. These findings suggest that treatment of glioblastoma cells with IFN-gamma decreased their susceptibility to lysis by LAK cells, and that this decrease in susceptibility is attributable principally to the increased expression of MHC class I antigen on target cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

The potent depressant effects of N3-phenacyluridine in mice.

The hypnotic activity of N3-phenacyluridine in 2.0 mumol/mouse by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection was 20 times stronger than that of known N3-benzyluridine. In 0.5 mumol/mouse, i.c.v., this compound strongly potentiated both pentobarbital- and diazepam-induced sleep as compared to N3-substituted uridines, including N3-benzyluridine. Furthermore, the compound caused motor incoordination as well as decreasing spontaneous activity in the same dose. These results indicate that among the N3-substituted uridines and related compounds previously reported, N3-phenacyluridine possesses potent depressant effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Two-phase increment of Ca2+ uptake, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and histamine release following antigen stimulation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC).

The relationship between the influx of Ca2+ into cells or cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the histamine release following antigen stimulation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) was examined, and the results were compared with those from human lung mast cells (HLMC) and rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) in some experiments. Anaphylactic histamine release from BMMC as well as HLMC, but not that from RPMC, was dependent on the extracellular Ca2+. When BMMC were challenged by antigen following radioactive 45Ca2+ addition, two phases of 45Ca2+ influx into the cells were observed. The first phase, which was initiated and completed within 30 sec and 2 min, respectively, after antigen treatment, appeared to be related to anaphylactic histamine release. The second influx began 30 sec subsequent to the first one and lasted for at least 2 min, and this occurred after the completion of the histamine release; So far, it is not known how this second influx participates in the intracellular event(s). On the other hand, only one sustained elevation of [Ca2+]i occurred that reached its maximum within 2 min after antigen stimulation. Following stimulation of BMMC with antigen in the absence of Ca2+, Ca2+ addition 1 to 5 min later time-dependently enhanced the histamine release, although the release was deteriorated by further extension of Ca2+ addition. In contrast, the releasability of HLMC was rapidly decreased. These results indicate that extracellular Ca2+ not only is prerequisite for anaphylactic histamine release from BMMC, but also may modulate the release and participate in some intracellular event(s) which has yet to be focused upon.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1994

Effects of DNA polymerase beta gene over-expressed in transgenic Drosophila on DNA repair and recombination.

DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) cDNA of rat fused to an enhancer-promoter region plus a poly(A) signal sequence of actin 5C gene of Drosophila (abbreviated pol beta) was transferred to the Drosophila genome. Three of four constructed transgenic strains possessing transgene pol beta on different chromosomes were studied. Levels of the pol beta transcript and those of the polymerization activity of pol beta were markedly elevated in cultured cells transfected with pol beta-bearing vectors as well as in embryos of the transgenic strains. The popular idea that DNA polymerase beta participates in DNA repair was not supported by the observation that a pair of a normal and a pol beta strain, and the other pair of a mei-9 mei-41 (DNA-repair deficient double mutations) strain and a pol beta mei-9 mei-41 strain, showed no difference in survival within each pair after treatment with ultraviolet light, methylmethane sulfonate and mitomycin C. The other idea that DNA polymerase beta participates in recombination was supported by the findings that spontaneous frequency of recombination, either meiotic or mitotic, is significantly higher in a transgenic pol beta strain than in a non-transgenic strain. The enhanced recombination frequency in the pol beta strain may, however, reflect an indirect effect of over-produced pol beta proteins on chromosomal stability. Whatever the direct effect of rat pol beta is, the transgenic pol beta flies will be useful for study of the physiological role of pol beta and the mechanism of recombination.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Differences in protein structure and similarities in catalytic function of two L-stereoselective carbonyl reductases from bakers' yeast.

We purified and studied two L-stereoselective carbonyl reductases from bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). One catalyzed exclusively the enantioselective reduction of carbonyl compounds such as beta-keto esters and the other acted on alpha-acetoxy ketones and beta-keto esters. The enzymes had identical molecular weights and catalyzed the L-stereoselective reduction of various carbonyl compounds with similar substrate specificity, but they were different proteins coded by different genes.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1994

Progressive bronchial obstruction during the acute stage of respiratory tract infection in asthmatic children.

To study the time-course of infectious asthma, we retrospectively examined FEV1 from 5 days before to 10 days after the onset of illness in 31 asthmatic children (20 boys and 11 girls), aged 8 to 12 years. Infections were confirmed by a rise of at least fourfold in serum compliment fixation titers (respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae) and hemoagglutination inhibition titers (parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3). All the patients had 20 percent or more fall in FEV1 from baseline value during acute phase, but were clinically tolerable and required minimum or no bronchodilators. Regardless of infectious agent, FEV1 began to fall on the first disease day or the previous day, and deteriorate for the first few days. Mean(SD) maximum fall in FEV1 ranged from 39(12) percent to 45(20) percent. Thereafter, FEV1 began to improve and returned to the preillness level by the seventh to tenth day. These results suggest that progressive bronchial obstruction may be inevitable during the acute stage of any infectious asthma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Endothelin receptor density in human hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic prostate tissue.

The amount of endothelin receptors in human prostate tissue was measured by radioligand binding techniques using 125I-Endothelin -1 and -3 (125I-ET-1, -3). Specimens of the non-hypertrophy group were obtained from 6 patients who underwent total cystectomy under the diagnosis of bladder cancer and those of the hypertrophy group from 6 prostatic hypertrophy patients who underwent open prostatectomy. 125I-ET-1 bound to the prostate tissue with the KD value of 0.033 +/- 0.012 nM in the non-hypertrophy group and with the KD value of 0.035 +/- 0.012 nM in the hypertrophy group. 125I-ET-3 bound to the prostate tissue with the KD value of 0.023 +/- 0.011 nM in the non-hypertrophy group and with the KD value of 0.029 +/- 0.016 nM in the hypertrophy group. The KD values were not significantly different between the hypertrophy and non-hypertrophy groups. The KD values of 125I-ET-1 and 125I-ET-3 were similar. The Bmax values (fmol/mg protein) of 125I-ET-1 binding to the prostate tissue were 32.18 +/- 3.69 to the non-hypertrophy group and 85.66 +/- 20.65 to the hypertrophy group. The Bmax values (fmol/mg protein) of 125I-ET-3 binding to the prostate tissue were 27.48 +/- 5.25 to the non-hypertrophy group and 75.90 +/- 13.46 to the hypertrophy group. The Bmax values of both 125I-ET-1 and 125I-ET-3 were significantly higher in the hypertrophy group than in the non-hypertrophy group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cystectomy↗
PubMed1994

Crown dimensions of the maxillary molars in Tupaia glis.

The crown dimensions of the maxillary molars in Tupaia glis were measured, and the most common molar size sequence was M1 > M2 > M3. The M2 and M3 molars were smaller than the M1 in the mesiodistal crown diameters. With regard to the buccolingual diameters, the distal part of M1 and mesial part of M2 were relatively larger and less variable in size. This stable area corresponded to the inflection point of the maxillary arch curve. These results could be explained from a functional morphological standpoint.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A morphological study on the crown dimensions of the mandibular molars in Tupaia glis.

The crown dimensions of the mandibular molars in Tupaia glis were measured. All the mean values of crown diameters and areas were larger for the M1 molar than for the M2 and M3. The last two molars were more reduced in the talonid component than in the trigonid compared to the M1, and were more reduced in the buccolingual than in the mesiodistal direction. The most common molar size sequence (MSS) was M1 > M2 > M3, and this pattern was more frequently observed in the talonid component than in the trigonid. In the canonical discriminant analysis, all the cases of the M3 were discriminated correctly, but some cases of the first two molars were confused with each other. The molars size of the mandible was closely related to that of the maxilla.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A patient with primary hypoparathyroidism developing hypercalcemia associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

A 38-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with symptoms and signs of hypocalcemia in 1977 and a diagnosis of primary hypoparathyroidism was made with a positive Ellsworth Howard test. She was then lost to follow up until 1992 when she returned this time with symptoms and signs of hypercalcemia. An inguinal lymph node was biopsied showing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse pleomorphic type and monoclonal integration of proviral human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 DNA was detected in lymph node cells indicating ATLL. Serum parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) was slightly elevated and the tumor cells were positively stained with anti-PTHrP serum. Combination chemotherapy with vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone was given to the patient with disappearance of the lymphadenopathy and subsequent normalization of PTHrP levels. Interestingly, the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia reappeared after the treatment requiring replacement therapy with calcium and vitamin D.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Roles of cAMP and cGMP on non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic relaxation in rabbit urethral smooth muscle].

Electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced a relaxation response in female rabbit urethral smooth muscle strips precontracted with phenylephrine. The relaxation response was inhibited by tetrodotoxin, but not by atropine, propranolol, or hexamethonium. Thus, the relaxation response results from stimulation of inhibitory non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves. The EFS induced relaxation response was inhibited by an inhibitor of nitric oxide biosynthesis, NG-nitro-L-arginine. This inhibition was overcome by addition of a precursor of nitric oxide, L-arginine. An inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, methylene blue, but not an inhibitor of soluble adenylate cyclase, SQ22536 reduced the relaxation response. And a selective cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, M & B 22948 and also a non selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine, potentiated the relaxation response. Cyclic GMP, but not cyclic AMP contents were significantly elevated by EFS in urethral smooth muscle strips. These data demonstrate that agents which affect the biosynthesis of nitric oxide are associated with the urethral relaxation evoked by EFS, and that cyclic GMP but not cyclic AMP mediates the relaxation response.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Totally synthetic analogues of siastatin B. III. Trifluoroacetamide analogues having inhibitory activity for tumor metastasis.

A trifluoroacetamide analogue of siastatin B, (3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-(trifluoroacetamido)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-piperidine carboxylic acid has been chemically synthesized. This compound, as well as the previously synthesized analogue, (3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-(trifluoroacetamido)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-3-piperid inecarboxylic acid, showed marked inhibitory activity against beta-glucuronidase and significant inhibition of experimental pulmonary metastasis of the highly metastatic melanoma B16.

Acetamides↗