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Biomedical subjects

S Komiyama

Publications and source records attributed to S Komiyama.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Multidisciplinary treatment of the head and neck cancer--FAR therapy and its modification and application].

Treatment of the head and neck cancer has surprisingly developed in the last decade. The most possible reasons were the development of the more effective anticancer drugs and new combination therapy including immunotherapy. FAR therapy, which was applied to the head and neck cancer in our clinic since 1972, was a combination of vitamin A, 5-FU and radiation. We have already reported the results and the problems of FAR therapy. But, recently we have developed the clinical application of vitamin A to the chemotherapy so as to overcome the resistance of the tumor cells to the anticancer drugs. In this paper, vitamin A was focused as a potentiating agent and the possible material to overcome the resistance to the anticancer drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Synergistic combination therapy of 5-fluorouracil, vitamin A, and cobalt-60 radiation for head and neck tumors--antitumor combination therapy with vitamin A.

Using cultured transformed fibroblasts, an antitumor agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was found to be potentiated in its inhibitory action on RNA formation by vitamin A. 5-FU in combination with vitamin A enhanced more effectively the cellular sensitivity to irradiation than when 5-FU was used alone. So we have applied a triple combination of 5-FU, vitamin A, and cobalt-60 radiation (FAR therapy) to clinical treatment of head and neck tumors since 1972. The treatment of 192 patients with cancer of the larynx, 60 patients with hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer, and 23 patients with epipharyngeal cancer with FAR therapy during 6 years from 1972 to 1977 resulted in highly effective synergism, and the improved points of this therapy were considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Metastases to the Rouviere nodes and headache.

This paper presents two cases of Rouviere node metastasis in carcinoma of the hypopharynx as confirmed by gallium scintigraphy. Invasion of the Rouviere nodes was clarified within six months of the onset of symptoms in both cases. One patient eventually died of intracranial cancerous invasion and the other remains in the terminal stage of cancer with multiple bone metastases. It was hitherto believed that metastases to the Rouviere nodes were extremely difficult to diagnose in the early stages. However, it is now apparent that the neurological signs and symptoms which commonly appear in patients with cancerous invasion of the jugular foramen syndrome facilitate early diagnosis of the disease, the most common symptom being a headache.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Potentiation by squalene of the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents against cultured mammalian cells and murine tumor.

Squalene (SQ) was examined for ability to potentiate the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of anticancer agents. The dose-response curves of cell survival of cultured HeLa or V79 cells in the presence of various anticancer agents [adriamycin (ADM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), bleomycin (BLM) and cis-dichlorodiamminoplatinum (CDDP)] showed that SQ potentiated the cytotoxicity of these anticancer agents. SQ may enhance the cytotoxic effect of ADM by interfering with the efflux of ADM from the cells. The antitumor activities of these anticancer agents combined with SQ were tested against sarcoma 180 (S180) ascites cells. Some combinations were found to show synergistic antitumor effects: ADM, BLM or CDDP with SQ was effective against S180, but only slight if any synergistic effect was observed with the combination of 5-FU and SQ. The antitumor activity of BLM was most strongly potentiated by SQ, among the tested agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Potentiation by vitamin A of the action of anticancer agents against murine tumors.

Combinations of retinol palmitate (RP) and six different anticancer agents were examined to determine their effects on the life-span of mice bearing ascites sarcoma 180 or P388 leukemia. With ascites sarcoma 180, administration of a fixed dose of RP (3.3 mg/kg) considerably enhanced the antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (5 mg/kg, or 20 mg/kg), methotrexate (MTX) (0.5 mg/kg, or 1 mg/kg) and 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU) (12.5 mg/kg), when given by intraperitoneal injection. However RP failed to potentiate the antitumor effects of adriamycin (ADM) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) against sarcoma 180. With P388 leukemia, RP (167 mg/kg, or 333 mg/kg) enhanced the antitumor effects of 6-MP (25 mg/kg, or 50 mg/kg), MTX (1 mg/kg, or 2 mg/kg), ADM (0.2 mg/kg), ACNU (5 mg/kg) and cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum (CDDP) (1 mg/kg) to a considerable extent, but it did not potentiate the antitumor effect of 5-FU. The combination of RP with ACNU or CDDP was particularly effective against P388 leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of stomal recurrence in laryngectomy with preoperative far therapy. A statistical evaluation.

FAR therapy is effective for cancers of the head and neck, in particular laryngeal cancer. This combined chemoradiotherapy consists of 5-FU, vitamin A and radiation. We found 10% stomal recurrences in reviewing 112 patients who had been treated with total laryngectomy. Stomal recurrences after total laryngectomy occur frequently in patients undergoing an emergency tracheotomy. We studied 33 such patients divided into 2 groups, on the basis of whether laryngectomy had been carried out after the emergency tracheotomy plus preoperative FAR therapy, or whether laryngectomy had been carried out without preoperative FAR therapy. The incidence of stomal recurrence was less among those given preoperative FAR therapy and was statistically significant. Such being the case, preoperative FAR therapy seems to e prophylactically effective against stomal recurrence after emergency tracheotomy.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1984

Surgical treatment of the laryngotracheal amyloidosis.

Two cases of primary localized amyloid tumor in the larynx and trachea surgically treated were herein reported. As recurrence of the amyloid tumor might lead to repeated resection in the same region, first trial of eradicative laryngofissure or laryngotracheofissure proved to be the effective approaches. The denuded area of the respiratory tract after removing amyloid tumor was covered with a split thickness skin graft and/or neighbouring mucosa applying soft rubber stent, then extensive scarring and schrinkage of the airways after surgery could thus be eliminated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Potentiation of anticancer agents by new synthetic isoprenoids. II. Inhibition of the growth of transplantable murine tumors.

The antitumor effects of combinations of synthetic isoprenoids-decaprenylamine.HCl, N-(p-methylbenzyl)decaprenylamine.HCl [N-(PMB)-decaprenylamine.HCl], and decaprenoic acid-with anticancer agents were studied in male ICR mice with ascites sarcoma 180 (S180) and in male BALB/c mice with fibrosarcoma Meth A. Decaprenylamine.HCl, N-(PMB)-decaprenylamine.HCl, and decaprenoic acid were tested in combination with bleomycin A2 (BLM) on S180. Decaprenoic acid was also examined in combination with BLM or 5-fluorouracil (FUra) for effects on fibrosarcoma Meth A. The dosages of synthetic isoprenoids used in the combination therapy were much below the median lethal dose. In the low-dosage schedule, decaprenylamine.HCl, N-(PMB)-decaprenylamine.HCl or decaprenoic acid considerably enhanced the antitumor effect of BLM on S180; e.g., the T/C value (mean survival time of treated mice/mean survival time of controls) for decaprenylamineHCl plus BLM, N-(PMB)-decaprenylamine.HCl plus BLM, or decaprenoic acid plus BLM was 294, 357, and 279% respectively, and the combinations increased life-span 2.4-fold, 2.3-fold, or 1.8-fold, respectively, as compared to the effects of BLM alone. The combination of BLM or FUra with decaprenoic acid, when administered by iv injection to mice with fibrosarcoma Meth A (solid tumor system), did not produce synergism. However, a preventive effect of decaprenoic acid monotherapy was observed: Decaprenoic acid at 3 mg/kg resulted in 38.9% suppression of tumor growth 21 days after inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Potentiation of anticancer agents by new synthetic isoprenoids. I. Inhibition of the growth of cultured mammalian cells.

In this study, 9 new synthetic isoprenoids with 9-10 isoprene chains were tested. One-fifth of the D10 value (concentration of drug that reduced colony-formation ability to 10% that of control) for each isoprenoid was calculated from dose-response curves of Chinese hamster V79 cells or human HeLa cells in culture. That dose was combined with various anticancer agent [1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-n itrosurea HCl, bleomycin A2 (BLM), cisplatin, doxorubicin (Dx), 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin, and 6-mercaptopurine] to test whether isoprenoids can potentiate the cytotoxic effect of anticancer agents against cultured mammalian cells. Among the 9 isoprenoids tested, decaprenoic acid, dacaprenylamine.HCl, and N-(p-methylbenzyl)decaprenylamine.HCl significantly potentiated BLM and Dx. Some isoprenoids increased intracellular levels of anticancer agents. Both enhanced uptake and reduced efflux of Dx were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Results of treatment on laryngeal cancer].

We have applied a triple combination of 5-FU, vitamin A and Radiation (FAR therapy) to clinical treatment of laryngeal cancers. One hundred and ninety one cases of carcinoma on the larynx, treated from 1970 to 1976 at Kyushu University Hospital, were investigated retrospectively. We compared the 5-year survival rate between FAR (+) group and FAR (-) group. A highly effective synergism was shown in FAR (+) group.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and characterization of vitamin A-sensitive Chinese hamster lung cell lines.

Retinyl acetate (RA)-sensitive variants (RAs-2 and RAs-3) of V79 cell line were isolated after mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The variants were stable and showed a 3- to 4-fold increase in sensitivity to RA compared to parental V79 cells. The RAs-2 clone was also sensitive to retinol and retinol palmitate. The RA-sensitivity behaves as a recessive trait in all hybrids of RAs-2 and V79. A number of physiological parameters were indistinguishable in V79 and RAs-2 cells, including the extent of uptake of [3H]retinol, the release of K+ from the cells induced by RA, and the levels of retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins. However, one possible correlation with the RA-sensitive phenotype was observed: Gomori acid-phosphatase staining of RA-treated RAs-2 and V79 cells indicated that lysosomal membrane of RAs-2 cells was more labile than those of the parental V79 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A newly devised speech accumulator.

Voice therapy is often most effective for treating patients with vocal cord polyp, polypoid degeneration and singer's nodule. However, little is known about the total speaking times in 1 day, the ratio of speech per hour and the sound level during speech, in individual patients. If these parameters can be readily detected, it could be clarified as to how speaking times or patterns are related to a particular voice disorder and/or what instruction a doctor had given a patient. We devised a speech accumulator which records the vibration time of the vocal cords by a small contact microphone attached to the neck, but does not record the actual speech, thus monitoring the privacy of the individual. The time of speech, at any sound level can be read digitally, at any time. This system was clinically used for 11 patients and proved to be most useful. The longest speaking time in 1 day was 182 min, for a bus guide, and the shortest time was 33 min for an office clerk.

Humans↗