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Biomedical subjects

S Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to S Kojima.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Migration of acetylated hemicellulose from capillary hemodialyzer to blood, causing scleritis and/or iritis.

From November 1981 to early March 1982, an outbreak of scleritis and/or iritis occurred among patients treated with a Nipro brand NAC series cellulose acetate capillary dialyzer. The rate of incidence with dialyzers produced in 1982 was significantly higher than that with dialyzers produced in 1981. An extract obtained from the dialyzers caused iritis in rabbits after its infusion into an auricula vein. Glycerol, acetylated carbohydrate (AC) derivatives, urethane derivatives, and polypropyleneglycol were found in the extract. AC derivatives caused iritis in rabbits, whereas they caused hyperemia of the bulbar conjunctiva in dogs. The AC derivatives contained xylose and glucose units in a ratio of 1.6-2.3:1. The amounts of AC derivatives were significantly larger in the extracts from 1982 than from 1981 devices. Moreover, another brand, but the same type, of dialyzer, the Cordis Dow 4000, contained a slight amount of them. These facts show that AC derivatives derived from hemicellulose played a primary role in the outbreak.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1984

Histamine responses mediated via H1- and H2-receptors in the isolated portal vein of the dog.

The effects of histamine were studied on the isolated circular muscle strip and longitudinal muscle strip of the dog portal vein. Histamine-induced contractions of the circular muscle were inhibited by H1-receptor antagonist pyrilamine but increased by H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine. When the tissues were contracted with PGF2 alpha in the presence of pyrilamine, histamine produced the relaxation of the circular muscle but not longitudinal muscle. The relaxation of the circular muscle was inhibited by ranitidine in a concentration dependent manner, the pA2 value for ranitidine being 6.97 (6.55-7.39). It is concluded that the response of the circular muscle to histamine is the sum of two components, H1-receptor mediated contraction and H2-receptor mediated relaxation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Roles of endogenous angiotensin II or kinin in the mechanism of altered renal vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II following acute blood volume expansion in the dog.

To examine the role of endogenous angiotensin II or kinins in the mechanism of the increased renal vascular reactivity to exogenous angiotensin II following acute blood volume expansion, we examined whether captopril, a converting enzyme inhibitor, can prevent the increase in renal vascular response in anesthetized dogs. Pretreatment of dogs with captopril increased plasma renin activity, but it did not affect systemic blood pressure, renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance. Acute blood volume expansion with saline suppressed plasma renin activity in dogs with or without pretreatment with captopril. Basal level of renal vascular reactivity to angiotensin II was increased by pretreatment with captopril. In the control animals, acute blood volume expansion enhanced renal vascular reactivity to angiotensin II but not norepinephrine. The enhanced renal vascular reactivity to angiotensin II, however, was not prevented by the captopril treatment. The failure of captopril to prevent an increase in renal vascular reactivity to angiotensin II following acute blood volume expansion was associated with an increase in urinary excretion of bradykinin. These data suggest that endogenous angiotensin II level is not necessarily a determinant for vascular reactivity to exogenous angiotensin II, especially in the case of acute blood volume expansion.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1984

[Uptake of 67Ga into the rat liver after treatment with thioacetamide].

67Ga uptake of the liver began to elevate from the 1st day and reached a maximum at the 2nd day of treatment with thioacetamide (TIAA). Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the liver DNA fraction was reached a maximum at the 1.5th day, and the value was 5.7 times of the control. The uronic acid content and 35S incorporation in the 1.2 M NaCl-soluble fraction which contained predominantly heparan sulfate (HS), were both peaked at the 2nd day. These patterns were in good agreement with that of 67Ga uptakes in the liver treated with TIAA. Pretreatment of aminoacetonitrile, an inhibitor of fibrosis, was effective in lowering the elevated uptake of 67Ga in TIAA-treated rat liver. Uptake of the 67Ga in the TIAA-treated liver was also inhibited when they were treated with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. On the other hand no significant inhibition was observed in the cytosine arabinoside-treated-TIAA rats. These results suggest that HS may be involved in the 67Ga uptake in damaged liver, and that relation between 67Ga uptake and cell proliferation is secondary.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1984

Genetic control of immune responses to Schistosoma japonicum.

The mouse IgE antibody response to S. japonicum antigen (Sj) was found to be under control of a gene(s) linked to the major histocompatibility complex. In some strains but not all among low responders, however, T cell responsiveness to Sj could be demonstrated by the induction of carrier effect as well as by proliferation response. Resistance to reinfection with a large dose of S. japonicum cercariae was demonstrated in most strains examined, except C57BL/6, irrespective of the immune responsiveness. Further studies will be needed to elucidate whether genetically regulated immune responses may affect susceptibility to or pathogenesis of schistosomiasis japonica in the mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Prenatal diagnosis of IUGR by assessing the multiple hormone concentration in maternal peripheral blood].

The serum concentrations of multiple hormones in maternal peripheral vein during pregnancy were simultaneously measured to determine whether it is possible to discriminate IUGR from normal pregnancy. Blood samples were obtained when the patients were at 30 to 35 weeks of gestation and IUGR was confirmed after delivery. The mean concentrations of progesterone and estriol were significantly lower in maternal vein with IUGR than those in normal pregnancy. On the other hand, the mean concentrations of 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and DHA were significantly higher in the patients with IUGR than those in the patients with normal fetus. However, it seemed impossible to discriminate IUGR from normal completely, since the steroid values in IUGR overlapped in normal range. An attempt was made to apply the data to the computation in multivariate analysis. The computer used for this analysis was an HITAC-M-180 and the package was BMD. Using the principal component analysis, normal and IUGR groups were roughly separated. However, no definite border line could be drawn between normal and IUGR. The discriminant analysis was then applied to separate two groups. Using the estriol value as a variable, 58% reliability was achieved in separate two groups. 93% reliability was achieved when the values of 6 steroids were used. And finally, when the clinical data represented by the length of the uterine fundus and the girth were added to the steroidal values, 100% possibility was obtained in separate two groups.

17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone↗