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Biomedical subjects

S Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to S Kojima.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Effects of ambroxol on pulmonary surfactant--analysis of the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine in the sputum and normal respiratory tract fluid in rabbits].

The mechanism of action of secretagogic expectorants (ex., ambroxol) has not been clarified. Recently, attention has been directed to the relationship of their action to pulmonary surfactants. In the present study, the fatty acid (FA) composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC), which is the main physiological surfactant, was investigated using sputum, respiratory tract fluid, mucin-like substance, lung washings and lung tissue of rabbits. Effects of ambroxol (20 mg/kg, i.s.) on several parameters such as output volume, FA contents of PC, protein content and viscosity of respiratory tract fluid of rabbits were also investigated. In respiratory tract fluid, lung washings and mucin-like substance of rabbits, saturated FA, especially C16:0, were predominant components of PC; while in sputum and lung tissue of rabbits and respiratory tract fluid of hens, unsaturated FA, especially C18:1 and C18:2, were more predominant components in comparison with those in the above specimens. Ambroxol significantly increased the contents of C16:0, saturated FA and total FA of PC, and it also increased protein content with an increase in the viscosity of respiratory tract fluid. These results suggest that in the respiratory tract fluid of rabbits, PCs are pulmonary surfactants, and the increasing secretion of pulmonary surfactant is likely to be involved in the expectorant action of ambroxol.

Ambroxol↗
PubMed1986

Short-term memory in the macaque monkey: cue-reproducing response during delay interval.

The effects of cue-reproducing responses of macaque monkeys during the delay interval of a delayed response task were examined in several situations. The monkeys showed better performance in the cue-reproducing than the nonreproducing condition. When the monkeys were exposed to choices between two keys, responses to either key reproduced the cue, the monkeys selected the cue-reproducing key only when a "mnemonic device" was available. Cue-reproducing responses of the monkeys were suggested to correspond with human rehearsal behaviors. Codes and coding responses in delayed response performance were also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Coronary and myocardial effects of activated neutrophils in perfused rabbit hearts.

Studies were conducted in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts to assess the actions of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated neutrophils on coronary vascular resistance and left ventricular contraction. Whereas PMA or neutrophils alone were without effects in this preparation, PMA-stimulated neutrophils evoked pronounced increases in coronary resistance and decreases in left-ventricular pulse pressure. The changes in coronary resistance and left ventricular pulse pressure induced by PMA-stimulated neutrophils were attenuated by scavengers of superoxide anion (superoxide dismutase), hydrogen peroxide (catalase) and hydroxyl radical (dimethylthiourea), thereby implying a pivotal role for hydroxyl radical. Inasmuch as the increase in coronary resistance could be reversed partially by the nonspecific vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, and inasmuch as none of the free radical scavengers influenced PMA-induced neutrophil aggregation, the increase in coronary resistance evoked by PMA-stimulated neutrophils is related in part to oxygen radical-mediated coronary vasoconstriction.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem: evaluation of the normal structures and small lesions].

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the brainstem region from 12 asymptomatic individuals were reviewed in addition to these of 12 patients with various symptoms of small brainstem lesions. Abnormalities consisted of 3 cases of multiple sclerosis, 1 case of neuro-Behçet disease, 5 cases of infarction and hematoma and 3 cases of degenerative disease. NMR transverse imaging using inversion recovery sequence was able to locate many of the normal intra-axial brainstem nuclei, such as the periaqueductal gray matter, the red nucleus, the substantia nigra, the pontine nuclei, the pontine reticular nuclei, the facial nerve nucleus and so on in an about half of 12 asymptomatic individuals. The remarkable gray-white matter differentiation was obtained on NMR imaging using inversion recovery sequence and enabled the internal structures to be visualized within the brainstem. In addition, the midsagittal imaging provided an excellent demonstration of anatomical relationships of the brainstem and surrounding structures. In the diencephalic region, the mamillary body, the anterior commissure and the optic chiasma were also demonstrated on the midsagittal imaging. The lesions within the brainstem were vaguely shown on X-ray computed tomography in 6 of 12 patients but NMR imaging using inversion recovery or spin echo sequence provided more detailed data and revealed clear small lesions, such as the demyelinated plaques of multiple sclerosis and lacunar infarcts in 9 of 12 patients. Especially, in 2 of 3 multiple sclerosis patients, the plaques of the brainstem were definitely identified on NMR imaging only and the accurate localized lesion which was responsible for the facial myokymia or the Foville syndrome was identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Studies on peripheral circulatory regulation in heart diseases].

The quantitative use of palm temperature changes during a fixed-load treadmill exercise was evaluated in normal subjects as well as patients with various degrees of cardiac disability. Treadmill exercise revealed the discriminatory temperature pattern among subject groups. Normal subjects showed an initial transient decrease, then leveling off, followed by a prompt return to the control level after cessation of exercise. The cardiacs with severe disability showed a progressive decrease during and even after exercise, and the return towards the control level was delayed. Less severe cardiacs showed an intermediate pattern. A significant correlation was observed between the temperature pattern and the plasma catecholamine concentration. The simultaneous measurement of forearm and hand blood flow, and temperature of the palm during supine ergometer exercise showed that the temperature change was the reflection of the blood flow changes. In conclusion, palm temperature monitoring during treadmill exercise is a simple and useful method for assessment of vasoconstrictor response to exercise and therefore the pattern of temperature changes indicates indirectly the exercise capacity in heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Total body fluid volume determination based on urea kinetics in hemofiltration as an index of basal body weight in uremic patients.

Assuming that urea is distributed uniformly within the total body water, urea-space or total body fluid volume was determined in six uremic patients based on urea kinetics in hemofiltration. The total body fluid volume before hemofiltration was 36.0 +/- 3.6 L (61.8 +/- 2.6% BW) and after hemofiltration 32.5 +/- 3.4 L (59.3 +/- 2.8% BW), suggesting that the total body fluid volume was nearly normalized by hemofiltration. It is concluded that urea-space, easily measurable based on urea kinetics during hemofiltration, is useful in evaluating the fluid balance in patients undergoing artificial kidney therapy.

Blood↗
PubMed1986

Differential uptake of gallium-67-labeled liposomes between tumors and inflammatory lesions in rats.

The differential gallium-67 (67Ga) accumulation in tumors and inflammatory lesions in rats after i.v. injection of liposome encapsulated 67Ga ([67Ga]liposomes) was studied. The 67Ga accumulation in the tumor was much greater than that in the granulation tissue regardless of the surface charge of liposomes; however, the difference between the two tissues was the greatest when using positive charged liposomes. Gallium-67 delivery to tumors by liposomes was greater than that to granulation tissue in all stages of growth. After i.v. injection, the accumulation of 67Ga in the tumor reached a maximum at 12 hr, whereas in the granulation tissue it was delayed to 24 hr postinjection. In the study of tissue distribution of 67Ga in rats bearing both tumor and granulation tissue, positively charged liposomes preferentially delivered 67Ga to the tumor than to the granulation tissue. These results suggest that [67Ga]liposomes are able to discriminate between the tumor and the inflammatory lesion.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Antiemetic therapy with timiperone in cisplatin-induced vomiting].

A new neuroleptic drug, Timiperone, is able to exert an antiapomorphine effect at doses smaller than cataleptogenic doses. Nineteen patients with urologic malignancy undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin in combination with other agents were studied for the antiemetic efficacy of Timiperone. Six of 8 patients over 46 years old treated with Timiperone 6 mg/day p.o. from the day before undergoing DDP therapy to the last day of the therapy had no episode of vomiting and 2 patients had a few episodes of emesis (one and two episodes during 5 days of undergoing DDP, respectively). Five patients under 45 years old given Timiperone 6 mg/day by the same method had few episodes of vomiting, but suffered from extrapyramidal symptoms. Finally 6 patients undergoing DDP with Timiperone in combination with trihexyphenidyl suffered no symptoms of catalepsy but sometimes had mild vomiting episodes (1-4 times a day). We would like to propose that in antiemetic therapy with Timiperone for cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting, a dose of 4.5 mg/day be given from two days before undergoing chemotherapy because of the cumulative effect of Timiperone.

Adult↗