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Biomedical subjects

S Kohno

Publications and source records attributed to S Kohno.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Immunopathology of murine experimental allergic orchitis.

Experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) was induced consistently in BALB/c mice by immunization with homologous testicular tissue homogenate emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) providing that the animals had received simultaneously at least 1 microgram of an extract of Bordetella pertussis rich in pertussigen. All animals thus treated developed orchitis and serum antibody to testicular antigens within 20 days after immunization. The lesions were located in testis (100%), rete testis (37%), cauda epididymis (21%), and vas deferens (37%). Ductus efferentes and caput epididymis were only rarely affected. Early lesions in the seminiferous tubules were characterized by peritubular and/or intratubular accumulation of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. This was followed by aspermatogenesis. Late lesions included massive necrosis and extensive fibrosis of the seminiferous tubules. Disruption of blood-testis barrier on day 20 was evidenced by the detection of 1) perfused lanthanum deposits between Sertoli cells and surrounding inflammatory cells inside the seminiferous tubules, 2) deposits of endogenous mouse IgG in germinal epithelium, and 3) probable immune complexes (granular C3) surrounding seminiferous tubules. Murine EAO differed from that of the guinea pig in the lack of involvement of the ductus efferentes, the extensive necrosis, the abundant polymorphonuclear eosinophils in the lesion, and the exquisite requirement of concomitant injection of B. pertussis extract.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Pharmacological studies of guanabenz. Effects on the peripheral nervous and other organ systems].

General pharmacological properties of guanabenz (GUB), a new anti-hypertensive agent, were studied in comparison with those of clonidine (CLD) and guanethidine (GUD). Intravenous or peroral administration of GUB caused a contraction of the nictitating membrane in cats and mydriasis in mice, while it produced an inhibitions of the gastrointestinal motility in dogs; the motility of isolated rabbit ileum; and chacol transport, salivation and gastric acid secretion in rats. GUB had no or slight inhibitory actions on contractile responses induced by peripheral sympathetic or parasympathetic nerve stimulation in various organs; however, it had antagonistic actions against the norepinephrine-induced contraction of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens. The contractile responses to epinephrine and tyramine in the nictitating membrane and to sympathetic nerve stimulation in isolated guinea-pig vas deferens were potentiated by GUB. GUB specifically antagonized the serotonin-induced contraction of the isolated rat fundus strip and nonspecifically inhibited acetylcholine, histamine or Ba2+-induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum at higher concentrations. GUB exhibited local anesthetic actions and diuretic effects, but had no particular actions on neuromuscular transmission, isolated rat uterus, guinea-pig tracheal muscle and the hematic system. These effects of GUB were found to be almost identical with but less potent than those of CLD. The effects of GUD were basically different from GUB.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Current status of interferon therapy on malignant brain tumor].

Since 1979 we have conducted phase I and Phase II clinical studies of interferon in malignant brain tumors. Twenty-nine patients were treated in this study. The interferon preparation used had a specific activity of 10(7) I.U./mg protein (beta-type). The drug was administered daily in doses ranging from 1.0-6.0 X 10(6) I.U. intravenously or injected locally (intratumorous, intrathecal) in 1-2ml of saline solution through Ommay's reservoir. The administration was continued as many days as possible, 8 weeks being the shortest period. The efficacy of the therapy was assessed by the neurological improvements, changes in Karnovsky's performance status and CT findings (computed volume of the tumor). In this series, the following results were obtained: In glioblastoma, Complete Remission ...1, Partial Remission ...7, Stable ...5 and Progression ...7. In medulloblastoma, Complete Remission ...2, Partial Remission ...1, Stable ...1 and Progression ...0. With respect to the total dosis of interferon and the duration of the therapy, the better response was seen in the cases of the higher dosis and the longer period. Aside from a transient fever, interferon therapy was free from major side effects. Interferon seems to have dual action on controlling tumor tissue, i.e., direct action similar to that of chemotherapeutic agents and indirect immunological action. The antitumor effect of interferon therapy used in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy should also be investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on the antinociceptive activity of guanabenz, with particular reference to clonidine and morphine (author's transl)].

The antinociceptive activity of guanabenz, a new potent antihypertensive agent, and its interaction with alpha-adrenoceptors or opiate receptors, with particular reference to clonidine and morphine, were studied. Guanabenz, clonidine and morphine were found to possess a dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in mice and rats. In the tail flick assay, the antinociceptive activity of guanabenz and clonidine was antagonized by yohimbine but not by naloxone or phenoxybenzamine. Guanabenz, clonidine and morphine caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the twitch response of transmurally stimulated guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle. Phentolamine and yohimbine reversed the twitch-inhibitory effects of guanabenz and clonidine, but naloxone failed to reverse this action. Guanabenz and low doses of clonidine caused locomotor hypoactivity. This action of both drugs was affected by yohimbine but not by phenoxybenzamine. In contrast, a high dose of clonidine caused locomotor hyperactivity which was affected by phenoxybenzamine but not by yohimbine. These results suggest that the antinociceptive activity of guanabenz, as in the case of clonidine, may be mediated by the activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors and be independent from opiate receptors.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1982

Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XLVII. severe hypodiploidy and chromosome conglomerations in ALL.

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of the L1 type with severe hypodiploidy in the marrow cells (modal chromosome number, 36) is described. In addition, most of the metaphases contained chromosome conglomerations which consisted of varying numbers of chromosomes and appeared similar to conglomerations previously observed by us in a case of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in the blastic phase (BP), where some cells contained less than 20 chromosomes. The karyotype of the ALL cells of our case was similar to those of published near-haploid ALL cases, possibly indicative of a common pathway of cytogenetic evolution.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacological studies of guanabenz: effects of the central nervous system].

The general pharmacological properties of guanabenz (Wy-8678), a new centrally acting antihypertensive agent, on the central nervous system were studied in mice, rats and rabbits, and they were compared with those of clonidine. In mice, guanabenz (1-30 mg/kg, i.p.) showed overt sedation dose-dependently, like clonidine (0.3 or 1 mg/kg, i.p.). At doses (2.5-20 mg/kg, p.o.) not causing muscle relaxant action, guanabenz impaired rotarod performance, inhibited conditioned avoidance responses and maximum electroshock seizure, prolonged thiopental sleeping time, and lowered body temperature in rats. These central depressant effects were observed following oral administration of clonidine at much lower dose levels. In rabbits, neither guanabenz (5-20 mg/kg, p.o.) nor clonidine (0.5 or 1 mg/kg, p.o.) affected body temperature. These findings suggest that the central depressant activities of guanabenz, qualitatively very similar to clonidine, are much less potent than those of clonidine.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The black mink (Mustela vison). A natural model of immunologic male infertility.

Breeding for fine black fur has generated a colony of mink wherein 20-30% of the males are infertile. Two clinical groups are distinguishable: one being infertile from the start (primary infertility), and the other infertile after one or more years of fertility (secondary fertility). Although the etiology of primary infertility is unknown, the available data indicate that secondary infertility is associated with an autoimmune disease of the testis. Thus, male mink with secondary infertility have (a) higher prevalence and levels of anti-sperm antibody when compared with animals with primary infertility, and the antibody prevalence varies with fur color; (b) severe monocytic orchitis (47%) and/or aspermatogenesis (75%) with negative cultures for bacterial, fungal, mumps, or Coxsackie B viral organisms; (c) massive and extensive granular deposits of mink IgG and/or C3 (71%), typical of immune complexes, along the basal lamina of seminiferous tubules; (d) testes that when eluted with buffer or low pH yielded IgG that was 10-fold enriched in anti-sperm antibody activity as compared with serum IgG; and (e) no immunopathologic evidence of Aleutian mink disease. Although the sperm antigen-antibody complexes in the testis may be important as a pathogenetic mechanism of the testicular disease, there is no correlation between fluorescent anti-sperm antibody detection in the serum and the infertile state. The infertile black mink is a new model of infertility associated with naturally occurring autoimmune disease of the testis.

Animals↗