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Biomedical subjects

S Kohno

Publications and source records attributed to S Kohno.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pain in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and occlusal interferences.

The EMG of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the masticatory muscles during function has been observed in relation to opposing occlusal contacts. The purpose was to investigate the possible developmental mechanism of pain which can occur in the muscles. Six subjects with normal function and ten patients were studied. EMG activities of temporal, masseter, sternocleidomastoid (insertion) and sternocleidomastoid (middle) were recorded by surface and needle electrodes. EMG activity was recorded from the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid during activity of the masticatory muscles in tapping, clenching, and mastication. On the other hand little activity was registered from the middle of the sternocleidomastoid. The amplitude of the EMG of SCM-I increased as the occlusal force increased. During chewing the sternocleidomastoid muscle was functioning more actively on the working side than on the non-working side. On the patients, EMG activities of the muscles were of low amplitude and low frequency with no synchronization with the chewing movement, suggesting hyperactivity of the muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Efficacy of NY-198 against experimental Legionnaires disease.

The in vitro and in vivo effects of NY-198 against Legionella pneumophila were compared with those of ciprofloxacin. The MIC of NY-198 against 15 standard reference strains of Legionella of various species, between 0.03 and 0.125 micrograms/ml, was the same as that of ciprofloxacin. The peak concentration of NY-198 in the lungs and sera of guinea pigs with experimentally induced Legionella pneumonia was higher than that of ciprofloxacin after oral administration. The overall survival rate was higher in animals treated with NY-198 than in those treated with ciprofloxacin. Thus, NY-198 appears valuable in the treatment of Legionnaires disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A nasal allergy model developed in the guinea pig by intranasal application of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate.

An experimental model of nasal allergy has been developed in guinea pigs by intranasal application of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI). A 10% TDI solution in ethyl acetate was painted onto the nasal vestibuli of the animals once a day for 5-10 days. During the course of repeated application of TDI, the number of animals which secreted rhinorrhea containing eosinophils increased. Morphological survey of the nasal mucosa showed infiltration of eosinophils and some other changes indicative of acute inflammation. Moreover, mast cells were found not only in the subepithelial connective tissue but also in the epithelial layer. Nasal mucus obtained from the mucosa has been found to be an effective test material for studies of nasal allergy. A striking decrease of specific granules was found in some mast cells contained in the mucus. In parallel with the symptomatology, biochemical and serological studies suggested the involvement of type I allergy in the experimental system; TDI-specific histamine release from the nasal mucosa and positive passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were found 3 weeks after the application of TDI.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1988

[Antiallergic effects of mequitazine. 1. In vitro experiments].

The antiallergic effects of 10-(3-quinuclidinylmethyl)phenothiazine (mequitazine) were investigated in vitro. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In the isolated trachea and lung parenchyma of guinea pigs, mequitazine showed a fairly potent antagonistic action against contractions induced by both histamine (Hi) and acetylcholine (ACh). Mequitazine was much less potent in antihistaminic action and slightly more potent in anticholinergic action than ketotifen. The contractions of the preparation by leukotriene (LT) D4 were antagonized by mequitazine, although the potency was moderate, showing an IC50 value of 2.3 x 10(-5) g/ml in the trachea and 5.1 x 10(-5)g/ml in the lung parenchyma. Mequitazine had no effect on the contraction of the trachea by PGF2 alpha, but inhibited that of the lung parenchyma with pA2 = 7.0. 2) Mequitazine (10(-6) g/ml) slightly inhibited the Schultz-Dale reaction of the isolated guinea pig trachea, while ketotifen at the same concentration did not show any effect. 3) The contraction of the isolated guinea pig trachea by Ca2+ influx was slightly inhibited by mequitazine (10(-5) g/ml). 4) Mequitazine competitively inhibited the cyclic AMP-dependent phosphodiesterase activity from the rat lung with a potency of 10 times and 5 times more than those of ketotifen and theophylline, respectively. 5) Mequitazine (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) suppressed both the anaphylactic and phospholipase A2-induced histamine release from the peritoneal cells of rats. 6) Mequitazine (10(-5) g/ml) also inhibited the anaphylactic and Ca ionophore-induced histamine release from the leukocytes of the atopic patients and normal subjects. 7) The anaphylactic releases of histamine, LTB4 and peptide LT from the human lung fragments were dose-dependently inhibited by mequitazine (10(-7) approximately 10(-5) g/ml).

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

[Antiallergic effects of mequitazine. 2. In vivo experiments].

Antiallergic effects of mequitazine were investigated in vivo and compared with those of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mequitazine in doses of 2 and 5 mg/kg given, p.o., 1 hr prior to antigen challenge inhibited dose-dependently the 48-hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Five mg/kg of mequitazine showed almost the same extent of inhibitory activity as that of 1 mg/kg of ketotifen. An i.v. administration of 1 mg/kg DSCG 1 min before antigen challenge also showed a marked inhibition. 2) The experimental asthma induced by challenge with an i.v. injection of antigen in passively sensitized guinea pigs was fairly inhibited by the pretreatment with 5 mg/kg of mequitazine administered p.o., although 2 mg/kg of this drug showed only a slight inhibition. 3) The experimental asthma induced by aerosolized antigen was also fairly inhibited by the pretreatment with 5 mg/kg of mequitazine given p.o.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacological studies on the clathrate compound of mobenzoxamine with beta-cyclodextrin. (I). Effects on the digestive system].

Effects of the clathrate compound of mobenzoxamine (MBX) with beta-cyclodextrin (MBX-CD), a new gastro-intestinal function modulator, on the digestive system were studied in comparison with those of metoclopramide, domperidone and trimebutine. MBX-CD showed inhibitory effects that were approximately 1/4 times as potent as metoclopramide on both apomorphine- and copper sulfate-induced emesis and about 1/40 times as potent as domperidone on apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs. In rats, MBX-CD enhanced gastric emptying as potently as metoclopramide, and only MBX-CD showed a clear amelioration of the delayed gastric emptying induced by BaCl2. Similarly, only MBX-CD showed an ameliorative effect on small intestinal transport accelerated by BaCl2 in mice. Though both MBX and trimebutine inhibited spontaneous contractions of the isolated guinea pig stomach and rabbit intestine, it seemed that the properties of these effects were different from those of papaverine. On isolated guinea pig ileum, MBX inhibited contractions induced by various agonists equally to or more potently than trimebutine or papaverine. The results suggest that MBX-CD or MBX acts extensively on the gastro-intestinal system for the reason that it has not only the respective properties of the gastro-intestinal function modulators used as the standards, but also its own characteristic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Small bowel pseudo-obstruction in Kawasaki disease.

Between June 1977 and May 1986, 310 patients with Kawasaki disease were admitted to Shizuoka Children's Hospital. Among these patients, seven showed the symptoms of intestinal paralysis during the acute stage. We present three of these cases who showed typical intestinal pseudo-obstruction radiologically, and discuss the treatment of this type of intestinal involvement.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Activity of macrolides against organisms responsible for respiratory infection with emphasis on Mycoplasma and Legionella.

The activity of roxithromycin against Legionella pneumophila in vitro was approximately the same as that of rokitamycin and superior to those of erythromycin and josamycin. In experimental pneumonia due to L. pneumophila none of the animals in the roxithromycin and rifampicin groups died by day 10 of the infection. The MIC ranges of roxithromycin, erythromycin and rokitamycin for Mycoplasma pneumoniae were 0.008-0.063, 0.004-0.008 and 0.016-greater than 125, respectively. In experimental pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae, roxithromycin showed good activity similar to that of erythromycin.

Animals↗