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Biomedical subjects

S Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to S Kodama.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Chromosome aberration frequency and radiation dose to lymphocytes by alpha-particles from internal deposit of Thorotrast.

Frequencies of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 63 Thorotrast patients were analysed basing on the age distribution of lymphocytes. The frequency and distribution of chromosome aberrations among lymphocytes are best explained if we assume that the lymphocytes are renewed as an exponential function of time and spend most of their lifetime in the distributive pool where, while exchange of lymphocytes is taking place, the lymphocytes are hit by alpha-particles from Thorotrast aggregates resulting in the formation of chromosome aberrations and killing at specific rates per hit. The model predicts that the aberration frequency is rather insensitive to the fluence rate because of modulation by cell killing by hit. Fitting the observed data to the model showed that approximately 0.8 dicentrics and rings were produced by a single path of alpha-particle and average fluence rate to lymphocytes in a group of patients with the highest aberration frequency was estimated to be about 1.5 hits or 87 rad/lymphocyte/year.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Monoclonal antibodies to bovine collagenase inhibitor.

Hybridoma antibodies against bovine collagenase inhibitor were produced by fusion of myeloma cells NS-1 (P3-NS1-1) with spleen cells from mice hyperimmunized with collagenase inhibitor purified from the explant medium of bovine dental pulps. Hybridomas positive by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bovine collagenase inhibitor were cloned by the dilution method. Seventeen hybridomas producing antibodies were isolated, four of which also recognized purified human collagenase inhibitor in the ELISA. Using a monoclonal antibody-Sepharose affinity column, we easily purified both bovine and human collagenase inhibitors to homogeneity. They showed the same mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, corresponding to a molecular mass of 32,000 daltons.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Thyroid function in children with long-term anticonvulsant treatment.

Thyroid functions were studied in 287 children given long-term treatment with anticonvulsants. Of these 287 patients, 26 were treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) alone, 63 with phenobarbital (PB) alone, 66 with sodium valproate (VPA) alone and 132 with combination therapy. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were decreased after more than 3 years of treatment with CBZ. The regression line of serum T4 concentrations against serum CBZ concentrations indicated a negative correlation. Serum T3 and T4 concentrations were decreased after more than 6 years of treatment with PB, although there was no statistical significance in the relationship between serum T4 and PB concentrations. There was no significant decrease in serum T3 or T4 concentration in patients treated with VPA. Serum-free T4 and thyroxine-binding globulin were decreased and serum thyrotropic hormone concentration was increased in patients with low serum T4 concentrations. We conclude that thyroid functions should be examined in children given long-term treatment with anticonvulsants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Electronmicroscopic study on biopsied rectal mucosa in adrenoleukodystrophy.

Rectal mucosal biopsies were performed for seven members of five families with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Many histiocytes contained characteristic cytoplasmic lamellar inclusions that were identical to those seen in adrenocortical cells, brain macrophages, and Schwann cells of affected patients. The ultrastructural features were seen in all patients and also in two asymptomatic younger brothers who had presymptomatic ALD according to assay of very-long-chain fatty acids.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1987

Biological features of the skin of the pika, Ochotona rufescens rufescens: histological structure and enzymatic histochemical reactivity.

To examine the usefulness of the pika, Ochotona rufescens rufescens, as an experimental animal for skin irritability tests, the histological structure and enzymatic histochemical reactivity of pika skin were investigated. The pika had a hair cycle similar to that of the rabbit. The skin and epidermis of the pika trunk were 1.16mm and 29.5 microns thick, on the average, respectively. Both of them were the thickest in the dorsal region followed by the interscapular area, while they were the thinnest in the abdominal region. In the epidermis of the pika, the strata corneum, granulosum, spinosum and basale were rather clearly distinguished. The cell arrangement in the stratum basale was more compact than that in the rabbit. Dermal mast cells, which are distributed in the stratum reticulare in rabbits and guinea pigs, were distributed in the stratum papillare right beneath the epidermis. The mast cell of the pika in the TEM images had granules of low electron density and with relatively long microvilli and rather large mitochondria. The activities of the enzymes, SDH, MDH, LDH, beta HBDH, alpha GPDH, ALD, G6PDH and GPR, in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the pika were similar to those of the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of a new non-invasive semiautomatic blood pressure monitoring device.

The accuracy of a new device for indirect blood pressure measurement was evaluated by comparison with the intra-arterial pressure measurement. The device is based on the Korotkoff's method using a cuff and a microphone, but is characterized by a two-channel recorder to monitor the cuff pressure and the events picked up by the microphone. The blood pressure is determined automatically by a computer program which analyzes the microphone signal during a cuff deflation, and manually by the same criteria to confirm the result. The comparison was carried out on 29 subjects undergoing catheterization of the brachial artery for clinical examination. The difference between the direct and indirect reading ranged from -14 to +9 mmHg (-0.55 +/- 0.91, mean +/- SE) for the systolic pressure and from -5 to +14 mmHg (3.78 +/- 0.95) for the diastolic pressure. It was found advantageous that blood-pressure reading can be confirmed repeatedly on the recorded chart after the measurement.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The involvement of chromosome 13 in the X-ray-induced in vitro transformation of mouse m5S cells.

The transformation of an immortalized but nonmalignant near-diploid mouse cell line (m5S) by X-ray irradiation was studied, and the chromosome constitutions of the morphologically transformed foci were analyzed. The frequency of transformation increased in a dose-dependent manner. Chromosome analysis revealed that 17 out of 24 transformants showed a common chromosome change, being characterized by a diminution of the C2-ter region of chromosome 13 as compared with the chromosome constitution of the parental untransformed cells. In these transformants, the diminution of 13(C2-ter) was critical in forming transformed foci, but was not sufficient to engender anchorage independence and tumorigenicity. The agar clonability and tumorigenicity were associated with the further appearance of an extra chromosomal segment seen as an abnormally banded region, probably consisting of tandem repeats of actively functioning genes. This experimental system thus revealed the progressive multistep nature of neoplastic transformation initiated by a loss of suppressive function.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A simple method to diagnose adrenoleukodystrophy using a dried blood spot on filter paper.

A new, simple method for the diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) using a dried blood spot sample, is described. Fatty acid from the dried blood spot was extracted and methylated simultaneously with HCl-methanol. Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fatty acid compositions of the blood spot from four patients with ALD and five healthy controls were determined from the mass chromatograms of the m/z 143 ion, [(CH2)6 COOCH3]+. The ratios of tetracosanoic acid to docosanoic acid (C24:0/C22:0) and hexacosanoic acid to docosanoic acid (C26:0/C22:0) were significantly greater in ALD patients than in the controls. The fatty acid composition of the dried blood spot did not change at room temperature within a week. Since the specimens can be sent by mail, this method could be applied to the screening of ALD.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1986

Asynchronous filling in ischemic heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

A multigated blood-pool study was performed to assess regional and global emptying and filling in 16 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 43 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 14 controls. The regional volume curve was fitted using second-order harmonics in the Fourier series, while the global left-ventricular volume curve was fitted using third-order harmonics. As asynchronous indices, the standard deviations (SD) in distribution histograms of time to end-systole (TES), time to peak ejection (TPE), and time to peak filling (TPF) were obtained in the left ventricle. In patients with IHD, the TPF-SD was higher (14.4 +/- 11.3 degrees) than the TES-SD (7.8 +/- 5.1 degrees) and TPE-SD (8.1 +/- 5.9 degrees), suggesting the presence of asynchronous filling. In patients with HCM, the TPF-SD was also higher (11.6 +/- 11.1 degrees) than the TES-SD (3.5 +/- 2.4 degrees) and TPE-SD (6.2 +/- 4.4 degrees). The phase delay was localized in the anteroseptal or apical region in all 5 HCM patients with abnormal wall motion, while it corresponded with the region of abnormal wall motion in the patients with IHD. The TPF-SD was inversely correlated with the left-ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.46), peak filling rate (r = -0.50), and the ratio of peak filling rate to peak ejection rate (r = -0.52), suggesting that asynchronous filling is related to global diastolic disturbance. We conclude that asynchronous filling is often present in patients with IHD and HCM, and that our technique can be used to obtain a quantitative assessment of regional asynchronous emptying and filling in these diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Lack of evidence for existence of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D sulfates in human breast and cow's milk.

The presence of water-soluble vitamin D and 25-OH-D sulfates in human breast and cow's milk was studied. We first confirmed that synthetic vitamin D2 and D3 sulfates could not be hydrolyzed by alkali but by acid. Breast or cow's milk was separated into milk whey containing water-soluble components and milk curd containing crude proteins and lipophilic components. The separated milk whey and curd were hydrolyzed by acid or alkali and each lipid extract was subjected to HPLC analysis. Neither peak due to vitamin D and 25-OH-D was observed in the chromatograms of acid- and alkali-hydrolyzed milk whey, whereas the peaks due to vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 were found in the chromatograms of both acid- and alkali-hydrolyzed milk curd and there was no significant difference between the respective peak heights. The eluates corresponding to the respective peaks observed on the latter's chromatograms were collected and subjected to UV, HPLC, GC-MS and GLC to identify the existence of vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3, respectively. We concluded from these results that neither breast nor cow's milk contained water-soluble vitamin D and 25-OH-D sulfates, whereas they contained fat-soluble vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3. The concentrations of vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 in breast milk were about 125 and 350 ng/liter, while those in cow's milk were about 420 and 270 ng/liter, respectively. The experiments on the transfer of 3H-D3 and 3H-25-OH-D3 perorally dosed to lactating rats into suckling pups through their milk also supported the above conclusion.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1986

[Endocrinological and clinico-pathologic study of granulosa-theca cell tumors of the ovary].

Nine granulosa-theca cell tumors (four pure theca cell tumors, one granulosa cell tumors, two granulosa-theca tumors and two juvenile granulosa-theca tumors) were studied endocrinologically and clinico-pathologically. The cases of juvenile granulosa-theca tumors developed precocious pseudopuberty. Three of seven other cases were re-feminized and four cases showed no hormonal manifestation clinically. The peripheral vein serum values of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and prolactin were elevated in six of eight cases, three of four cases, four of six cases, and two of three cases, respectively. The concentration ratios between tumor harboring ovarian vein samples and peripheral vein (or opposite normal ovarian vein) samples was 2.7 to 16.9 for estrone, 8.8 to 28.6 for estradiol, 3.6 to 4.7 for progesterone, 1.6 to 6.6 for testosterone and 0.6 to 1.0 for prolactin. Estradiol was localized in both granulosa cells and theca cells, and testosterone was localized in granulosa cells in half of the cases and in theca cells in 60% of the cases. Also, testosterone was localized in all three cases in which luteinized theca cells were present. There were no cases with positive prolactin localization. These results are compatible with the concept that in granulosa-theca cell tumor, both granulosa and theca cells can produce a wide range of steroid hormones.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Asynchronous wall motion in patients with ischemic heart disease assessed by higher-order harmonics of the Fourier series].

To assess regional cardiac function in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), multigated blood-pool studies using higher-order harmonics of the Fourier series were performed for 14 normal persons and 37 patients with IHD. IHD was further divided into IHD (I) (EF greater than or equal to 50%) and IHD (II) (EF less than 50%). A pixel-by-pixel volume curve was simulated using second order harmonics of the Fourier series to create functional images of the following parameters: time to endosystole (TES), peak ejection rate (PER), time to PER (TPE), peak filling rate (PFR), and time to PFR (TPF). TES (SD), TPE (SD), and TPF (SD) were calculated as the standard deviations of left ventricular (LV) histograms of each phase, representing indexes of asynchronous wall motion. An LV volume curve was simulated using third order harmonics to calculate PFR, PFR/PER, and TPF/TPE, representing indexes of diastolic function. TES (SD) was abnormal in 10 cases (50%), and TPE (SD) was abnormal in seven cases (35%) of IHD (II). On the contrary, TPF (SD) was abnormal in three cases (18%) of IHD (I) and 15 cases (75%) of IHD (II), indicating that diastolic asynchronous indexes are more sensitive than systolic asynchronous indexes in detecting IHD. IHD (I) and IHD (II) showed lower PFR (2.32 +/- 0.55, 1.64 +/- 0.46 EDV/sec) and lower PFR/PER (0.84 +/- 0.15, 0.68 +/- 0.26) than those in normals (3.25 +/- 0.98 EDV/sec, 0.99 +/- 0.19), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiac Volume↗