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Biomedical subjects

S Kivinen

Publications and source records attributed to S Kivinen.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Short-term topical treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with the combination of 5-fluorocytosine and candicidin.

A combination of 5-fluorocytosine (1000 mg) and candicidin (5 mg) was compared with clotrimazole (100 mg) in the treatment of 112 non-pregnant volunteers with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Seventy-two (75%) of the 96 patients treated with 1 or 2 vaginal tablets of the combination product and 10 (62%) of the 16 women treated with clotrimazole for 6 days were cured. The efficacy of the treatments was assessed mycologically and clinically 1 week and 1 month after the therapy. Both treatments were well tolerated and no side-effects could be detected. It is concluded that a short-term vaginal treatment with a 5-fluorocytosine and candicidin combination is effective in vaginal moniliasis, and the brevity of the treatment is an advantage compared with others now available.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal and complicated late pregnancies.

Maternal serum prolactin level (PRL) was determined with radioimmunoassay in normal and complicated late pregnancy. The mean basal PRL levels were not statistically different among normal (179.3 ng/ml), preeclamptic (169.7 ng/ml), hypertensive (171.4 ng/ml), twin (194.8 ng/ml), or diabetic pregnancies (134.4 ng/ml), although 3 of 17 diabetic women had abnormally low PRL levels. The PRL response to 200 micrograms of intravenously administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was investigated and found similar in normal, preeclamptic, hypertensive, and twin pregnancies. There was no response to TRH in 2 of 3 diabetics with a low basal PRL level. One of these diabetic patients experienced an unexplained intrauterine death 4 weeks later; the others delivered term infants, 1 of whom died of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). These preliminary results suggest that low basal PRL levels and unresponsiveness to TRH may be related to a poor fetal or neonatal prognosis in diabetic pregnancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effect of oral thyrotropin releasing hormone on serum prolactin, thyrotropin and total thyroxine levels in postpartum women.

A study was designed to investigate the effects of oral administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on prolactin levels and on thyroid function during the early puerperium. Eight lactating mothers took a single dose of oral TRH (40 mg) while eight other volunteers had a placebo treatment. Serial serum samples taken before and after treatment were assayed for prolactin, thyrotropin (TSH) and total thyroxine (T4) by using specific radioimmunoassays. There was approximately twofold increase in prolactin level at 30--210 min, about sevenfold increase in the TSH level at 210 min, and a marked increasing trend in the T4 level during the study period only in the treatment group. Six mothers treated with TRH and two treated with placebo regarded milk secretion more abundant in post-test than pre-test feeding. However, before TRH could be extensively tested on mothers with deficient lactation a thorough study of the effects of oral TRH on thyroid function in the puerperium is mandatory.

Female↗
PubMed1977

A new modification of spectrophotometry in the investigation of amniotic fluid by amnioscopy.

A new spectrophotometric application to amnioscopy for the estimation of the colour of amniotic fluid is presented. Three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths of 565 nm (green), 581 nm (yellow), and 645 nm (red) act as the light sources, and the light reflected from the amniotic fluid is measured using a photodiode. The greatest advantages of our new application are the short recording time of about 15 s. and the simplified mechanical performance of the measurement, which reduce errors. Preliminary clinical results show that green colouration can be easily discriminated from yellow and clear amniotic fluid. Sources of error and improvements to the method are discussed.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone on thyroid function and the composition of breast milk in puerperal women.

To determine the effect of oral administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the thyroid function and on the composition of breast milk in the early puerperium, six lactating women were treated with a single dose of 40 mg of synthetic TRH and six women were treated with placebo. Serial serum samples taken before and between one and 25 hours after TRH administration were assayed with specific radioimmunoassays for thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and total thyroxine (T4). Milk samples were collected three times a day and their major fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and were compared with those obtained from normal lactating women. A statistically significant TSH elevation was observed between one and six hours after TRH administration, with a peak value of 23.7 +/- 10.6 mU/liter at three hours. The T3 concentration rose between three and nine hours after TRH administration, with a peak of 6.3 +/- 1.2 nmole/liter at six hours. The T4 elevation was statistically significant between six and 12 hours after TRH administration. The fatty acid content of milk samples from women treated with TRH did not differ from the normal series. A single daily dose of oral TRH thus caused a temporary thyroid stimulation. It is doubtful whether this could lead to hyperthyroidism since the levels of thyroid hormones became normal within ten hours after TRH administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

TRH-induced hyperprolactinemia and pituitary-ovarian function.

To elucidate the role of prolactin in the control of pituitary-ovarian function, eight healthy women were given 80 mg of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) orally on two consecutive days during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. TRH elevated serum prolactin to a mean concentration of 43.8 ng/ml on the first day and to 15.5 ng/ml on the second day. The reduced response to the second TRH dose was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Accompanying changes in concentrations of gonadotropins or ovarian steroids were not consistent. Short-term oral administration of TRH and/or the temporary hyperprolactinemia induced by its use do not modify the pituitary-ovarian function during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gonadotropins, prolactin, testosterone and estradiol in seminal plasma: effect of clomiphene treatment.

To elucidate the mechanism of clomiphene action in the treatment of male infertility, we studied the effect of three-month clomiphene treatment (50 mg daily) on the radioimmunoassayable concentrations of gonadotropins (FSH, LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) in seminal plasma and peripheral serum in eleven normogonadotropic subfertile men. Clomiphene therapy increased (p less than 0.01) the levels of FSH and LH in seminal plasma, but to a lesser extent (p less than 0.01) than in peripheral serum. PRL did not change is seminal plasma or peripheral serum. The seminal plasma and peripheral serum T concentrations doubled following clomiphene intake without any demonstrable correlation with the sperm count. The concentrations of E2 increased about ten times (p less than 0.005) in seminal plasma, a significantly greater (p less than 0.05) increase than that in the serum. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.804, p less than 0.01) between the sperm counts and seminal plasma E2 levels following clomiphene treatment. These results suggest that Sertoli cell activation may be a key event in clomiphene action in the treatment of male infertility.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smooth muscle antibodies in complicated early pregnancies.

The titer, immunoglobulin class, and staining pattern of smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence in 15 patients with threatened abortion, 46 patients with spontaneous abortion, and 45 normal pregnant women in the first trimester to investigate possible abnormality of humoral immunity. An increased incidence of moderate and high titer SMA was found in both abnormal groups. SMA were mainly of the IgG class and gave a "vessel wall" staining pattern in immunofluorescence. This staining pattern suggests non-actin specificity of SMA. The more precise characterization of the antigen specificity of SMA in complications during pregnancy requires further investigation.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗