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Biomedical subjects

S Kitazawa

Publications and source records attributed to S Kitazawa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Activation of the TCL1 protein in B cell lymphomas.

The TCL1 gene, localized near the break point of chromosome 14q32.1 often involved in T cell leukemias, is also expressed in normal precursor T and B cells, and B cell lymphoma cell lines. We investigated the expression of the TCL1 protein in various types of B cell lymphomas according to the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid neoplasms. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of lymphoma specimens were subjected to TCL1 immunohistochemistry, and positivity was scored on a three-tiered scale: - (< 25% cells), + (25-50% cells), and ++ (> 50% cells). The TCL1 protein was expressed in low-grade B cell lymphomas including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type in ocular adnexa (18/20, 90%). It was also expressed in follicular, lymphoplasmacytic, and mantle cell lymphoma, but not in high-grade diffuse large B cell lymphoma (2/11, 18%). These data suggest that the expression of the TCL1 gene characterizes low-grade B cell lymphomas, and may be involved in certain processes of lymphomatogenesis.

DNA-Binding Proteins↗
PubMed2000

Isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury resulting in altered S100A4 and S100A11 protein expression in the rat.

S-100 proteins (S100) are characterized by calcium-binding ability with two structural EF hands. Several S100 are expressed in cardiomyocytes and thought to play a crucial role in calcium signaling. To examine whether the expression of S100 is a response to detectable myocardial damage or regeneration, we investigated, immunohistochemically, the expression of S100A4 and S100A11 in the isoproterenol (ISP)-treated rat heart. Definite expression of S100A4 and S100A11 was demonstrated in normal cardiomyocytes, and their staining patterns were enhanced in the ISP-treated rat heart, suggesting the possible involvement of S1-A4 and S100A11 in ISP-induced myocardial damage.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Sex differences in lateralization revealed in the posterior language areas.

It has been hypothesized that language functions are more strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere in males than in females. Previous anatomical data and patient studies have suggested that the posterior language areas should exhibit sex differences. However, neuroimaging studies to date have only provided support for differences in the anterior language areas. To look for differences in the posterior language areas, functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained while male and female subjects listened attentively to a story read aloud and to the same story replayed in reverse. Comparing activation in the superior and the middle temporal gyri during a story to activation during reverse replay of the story showed lateralization to the left in males but not in females. There was no lateralization in either sex when comparing activation during random fragmentation of the story to reverse replay. In the angular and the supramarginal gyri, however, activation was lateralized to the left hemisphere in both sexes, unlike the sex-dependent activation of the posterior temporal lobes. We infer that females use the posterior temporal lobes more bilaterally during linguistic processing of global structures in a narrative than males do.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Association of decreased calcium-sensing receptor expression with proliferation of parathyroid cells in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND: The down-regulation of both calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in parathyroid (PT) glands of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) caused by chronic renal failure has been associated with PT hormone hypersecretion as well as PT hypergrowth. To clarify the predominance of decreased expression of CaSR and VDR in the high proliferative activity of PT glands, we examined the relationship between the expression of both receptors and proliferative activity in human PT glands. METHODS: Serial sections of 56 PT glands, including 52 glands from secondary HPT and 4 normal PT glands resected together with thyroid carcinoma, were examined immunohistochemically with specific antibodies against CaSR, VDR, and Ki67. The Ki67-positive cell number was counted and expressed as the Ki67 score. The CaSR and VDR expressions were semiquantitatively analyzed. RESULTS: The expressions of both CaSR and VDR were markedly decreased in PT glands of secondary HPT, while the Ki67 score was significantly higher than it was in normal controls. When hyperplastic glands were classified into two subgroups, with [N(+)] or without [N(-)] nodular formation, CaSR expression was significantly decreased in N(+), while VDR expression was not different. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the decreased expression of CaSR could contribute significantly to the high proliferative activity, even if VDR expression was taken into account. CONCLUSION: The decrease in CaSR expression is associated with the high proliferative activity of PT glands in secondary HPT, independently of the decreased VDR expression. These findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of PT hyperplasia, which is refractory to vitamin D therapy in patients with severe secondary HPT.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2000

Bilateral interstitial pneumonic shadows caused by perivascular fibrosis and extramedullary megakaryopoiesis of the lung in a case of advanced agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and myelofibrosis.

A 59-year-old man with progressive and advanced agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, also called idiopathic myelofibrosis, had complications showing bilateral interstitial pneumonic shadows. Pathological assessment of transbronchial biopsy revealed pulmonary perivascular fibrosis and infiltration of megakaryocytes. Autopsy 3 months later showed extramedullary megakaryopoiesis and fibrosis in lung, pleura, kidney, liver and spleen. Histopathological analysis for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF-receptor revealed an abnormally high expression of the PDGF-receptor-beta gene in pulmonary fibroblasts. This is the first description of an association between pulmonary fibrosis and PDGF in idiopathic myelofibrosis.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed2000

Independent prognostic value of serum hepatocyte growth factor in bladder cancer.

PURPOSE: We retrospectively investigated whether the level of serum hepatocyte growth factor could predict the prognosis and extent of transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 113 patients with bladder cancer and from 200 healthy controls. Of the 113 patients, 59 had superficial bladder cancer and 54 had muscle-invasive cancer. Thirteen bladder cancer tissues (eight superficial and five muscle-invasive) were also collected. The levels of hepatocyte growth factor in the serum and tissues of these individuals were measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay using hepatocyte growth factor antibodies. RESULTS: The levels of hepatocyte growth factor in the serum and tissues of patients with muscle-invasive cancer were significantly higher than those of patients with superficial bladder cancer (P <.0001 and P =.0054, respectively). The degree of elevation above the normal level of serum hepatocyte growth factor of the former (61.1%) was significantly higher than that of the latter (8.4%; P <.0001). The elevation was highest in patients with visceral metastasis (93.3%). Among patients with superficial bladder cancer, the overall survival rate of those with low levels of serum hepatocyte growth factor was significantly greater than that of those with high levels (P =.005). Among patients with minimally invasive bladder cancer, the disease-free and overall survival rates of those with high levels of serum hepatocyte growth factor were significantly lower than the same rates of those with low levels (P <.001 and P =.0028, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the level of hepatocyte growth factor in serum could be a predictor of patient survival and extent of bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Effects of maxillary protraction combined with chin-cap therapy in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the treatment effects of maxillary protraction combined with chin-cap therapy in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients at the deciduous and early mixed dentition stages. METHOD: Twenty-six Japanese children (10 boys and 16 girls) with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were examined. All had undergone pushback operations for palatal repair at approximately 18 months of age. Maxillary protraction began between 5 and 7 years of age and continued for 10 to 38 months. Lateral cephalograms were used to analyze skeletal changes during the first and second years of treatment, and the relationship between pretreatment midfacial morphology and forward displacement of the maxilla during the first year was investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: During the first year of treatment, the mean increase in the ANB angle for all cases was 2.37 degrees. The forward displacement of the maxilla varied considerably, from 0.23 mm to 3.03 mm. The treatment response was significantly smaller in the second year, and no benefit from treatment longer than 1 year was established. The amount of maxillary forward displacement was significantly correlated with the pretreatment posterior upper facial height. Patients with smaller posterior upper facial height showed a poorer treatment response, whereas patients with a greater posterior upper facial height responded better to treatment. Individual differences in maxillary growth acceleration may be related to growth inhibition associated with postsurgical scar tissue on the palates.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2000

The role of S100A4 gene encoding an S100-related calcium-binding protein in human bile duct adenocarcinoma cell lines: correlation of S100A4 expression and invasive growth in Matrigel Matrix.

S100A4, one of the tandemly arranged S100 genes at chromosome 1q21, has been suggested to play a functional role in cell motility and invasiveness of tumor cell growth. We investigated the expression of S100A4 and the in vitro invasiveness of 4 human bile duct adenocarcinoma cell lines by the Matrigel assay. S100A4 was abundantly expressed in 2 adenocarcinoma cell lines whose growth pattern was highly invasive. Induction of antisense S100A4 into one of the cell lines decreased S100A4 mRNA levels and reduced invasiveness. In contrast, induction of sense S100A4 expression into non-invasive KMBC adenocarcinoma cells, which originally lacked S100A4 expression, resulted in apparent invasive potential in the transfected cells compared with the cells with the vector alone. These results suggest that S100A4 expression is well correlated with the invasiveness of human bile duct adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Seven parameters describing anteroposterior jaw relationships: postpubertal prediction accuracy and interchangeability.

Seven parameters describing anteroposterior jaw relationships (the A-B plane angle, the angle of convexity, the ANB angle, the SN-AB angle, the Wits appraisal, the AF-BF distance, the APDI) were measured on pairs of prepubertal and postpubertal cephalograms of 44 normal occlusion subjects (20 males and 24 females). The mean ages at prepubertal and postpubertal stages were 10 years 5 months and 14 years 5 months in males and 8 years 10 months and 12 years 10 months in females, respectively. The purpose of this study was to compare prediction accuracy of future relationships by regression analysis and to evaluate interchangeability among the 7 parameters by correlation analysis. In the prepubertal assessment, the ANB angle and the angle of convexity showed better prediction accuracy for postpubertal jaw relationships. Higher interchangeability among the parameters was statistically substantiated between the SN-AB angle and the AF-BF distance, as well as among the ANB angle, the angle of convexity, and the A-B plane angle. The Wits appraisal and the APDI were less interchangeable with other parameters. The ANB angle, the Wits appraisal, and the APDI would complement each other for the geometrically distorting factors because of the low interchangeability due to their different geometric basis. The conjunctive use of the ANB angle, the Wits appraisal, and the APDI is recommended as a clinically appropriate method for assessment of jaw relationships in individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Liposarcoma of the uterine cervix: case report.

A case of primary liposarcoma of the cervix is described in a 49-year-old woman with a fungating cervical mass which was diagnosed as liposarcoma on the basis of cytologic features and the intracellular lipids. Most of the adipocytes and vacuolated lipoblasts were positive for S- 100 protein. The mass was well circumscribed and limited to the superficial cervical stroma. A total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed. There was no clinical evidence of metastasis two years after the operation.

Female↗
PubMed2000

[Human heparanase: roles in invasion and metastasis of cancer].

Heparanase, which is an extracellular matrix degradative enzyme, degrades heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which are chief components of extracellular matrix and vascular basement membrane. The gene structure of this enzyme was recently determined. The biological functions of this enzyme in vivo were as follows: 1) this enzyme accelerates cancer cell invasion and metastasis though the degradation of vascular basement membrane and extracellular matrix by cancer cells; 2) this enzyme releases and activates heparin-binding growth factors such as bFGF and VEGF from heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and induces angiogenesis; 3) the degradative products of heparan sulfate proteoglycans by this enzyme suppress the biological function of activated T-lymphocytes. Therefore, heparanase is thought to be a favorable molecule for acceleration of cancer invasion and metastasis. The expression of heparanase is strongly correlated with the metastasis of melanoma and fibrosarcoma. Thus, heparanase may play important roles in invasion and metastasis of cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

New Treatment Strategy for Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer patients frequently develop bone metastasis. Parathyroid hormone-related protein, an osteoclast activating factor, might be necessary for tumorto erode bone and grow at skeletal site. Bisphosphonates have an affinity for bone and are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption. In light of this,53 patients with bone metastasis from breast cancer were treated with chemoendocrine(mainly high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate as the endocrine therapy) therapy + bisphosphonate (pamidronate, Aredia (R)). During the previous 6 years (median 27 months), 53 breast cancer patients with bone metastasis were treated with pamidronate + chemoendocrine therapy. The regimen consisting of pamidronate + chemoendocrine agent was administered to 27 patients as a post relapse first-line regimen and to the remaining 26 cases, which failed first- or second-line treatment as a second or third line regimen. As a result of the combination therapy, sclerotic changes were observed in the osteolytic lesions in 31 of the 53 patients (59%). The effect on the osteolytic lesions did not correlate with the duration of disease free interval, estrogen receptor (ER) status, presence/absence of previous therapy or number of " hot spot(s) ] on bone scintigraphy. Lessening of pain from the bone metastasis was achieved in 83% of the patients after 3 months of pamidronate administration. Pamidronate + chemoendocrine therapy seems highly promising.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Transcriptional regulation of rat cyclin D1 gene by CpG methylation status in promoter region.

Cyclin D1, a G(1)/S cell cycle-regulating oncogene, is known to be transcriptionally regulated by numerous growth factors. We cloned and characterized the rat cyclin D1 gene 5'-flanking region and, by species- and subspecies-matched transient transfection studies, found that a basic promoter structure with a cAMP response element and two continuous Sp1-binding sites was crucial for the steady-state expression of the cyclin D1 gene. Furthermore, the methylation status especially around two continuous Sp1-binding sites was found to be an important epigenetical mechanism determining the steady-state expression level in rat leukemic cell lines K4D, K4DT, and K4D16. Whether or not epigenetic control of the cyclin D1 gene existed among normal rat tissues was further examined by high sensitivity mapping of the methylated cytosine. In normal rat tissues, the methylated cytosines at non-CpG loci within two continuous Sp1-binding sites were observed in uterine stromal cells of the basal layer and found to be demethylated in the functioning layer, possibly by a passive demethylation mechanism through cell division. Since in the passive demethylation process Sp1-binding sites remain methylated in a part of the cell population, methylated cytosines at Sp1-binding sites may be essential for keeping a number of the stromal cells in the basal layer live against estrogen-induced proliferation that leads to either apoptosis or compaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Promoter structure of mouse RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene.

Receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/tumor necrosis factor-related activation induced cytokine (TRANCE)/osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL)/osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) is a membrane-bound signal transducer responsible for differentiation and maintenance of osteoclasts. To elucidate the mechanism regulating RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene expression, we cloned the 5'-flanking basic promoter region of the mouse RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene and characterized it by transient transfection studies and genomic Southern blot analysis. Inverted TATA- and CAAT-boxes and a putative Cbfa1/Osf2/AML3 binding domain constituted the basic promoter structure. The repeated half-sites for the vitamin D3 (VitD3) and glucocorticoid receptors were located at -935 and -640, respectively. Transient transfection studies revealed that short-term treatment with 1alpha,25(OH)2 VitD3 or dexamethasone increased luciferase activity up to 204% and 178%, respectively; on the other hand, treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP did not affect the promoter activity. Since the expression of Cbfa1/Osf2/AML3 is also regulated by VitD3, 1alpha,25(OH)2 VitD3 might affect RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene expression both directly and indirectly. CpG methylation was observed dominantly in mouse stromal cells, ST2, of a later passage which ceased to support in vitro osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that the methylation status of the CpG loci in the RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene promoter may be one of the influential cis-regulating factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Involvement of mutations in the DPC4 promoter in endometrial carcinoma development.

To define the target of chromosome 18q loss of heterozygosity, which is prevalent in endometrial carcinomas, we made a deletion map from 64 tumors. Loss of heterozygosity on 18q was found in 20 tumors. Among these, 14 tumors carried deletions at the 18q21.1 region, where the DPC4 gene is located. DPC4 transcription was disturbed in all six of the tumors with deletions at 18q21.1 examined, which sharply contrasted with the positive transcription in 12 tumors that retained heterozygosity at the 18q21.1 region. However, in the 14 tumors with the 18q21.1 deletions, the remaining allele had the wild-type sequence of the DPC4 coding region instead of somatic mutations in the DPC4 coding region. We found a one- and two-base substitutions in the DPC4 promoter in two of the six tumors that showed disturbed DPC4 transcription. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays clearly demonstrated that the mutant promoters had the potential to suppress or silence DPC4 transcription, implicating the DPC4 gene in endometrial carcinoma.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

In situ hybridization with polymerase chain reaction-derived single-stranded DNA probe and S1 nuclease.

A rapid and simplified protocol for in situ hybridization (ISH) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-derived single-stranded DNA probes and S1 nuclease revealed transcripts of bone matrix proteins on decalcified skeletal bone specimens. Mouse bone tissue was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, decalcified with 20% EDTA, and embedded in paraffin. Each pair of primers for reverse transcriptase -PCR was designed to amplify a 280-bp DNA fragment from the coding region of the mature protein of mouse osteonectin (ON) and a 320-bp fragment from the coding region of mouse osteopontin (OP). Initial PCR products were eluted, purified, and reamplified by unidirectional PCR in the presence of the digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled dUTP. ISH was carried out by proteinase K treatment, hybridization, and washing. The unhybridized single-stranded DNA probe was selectively removed by S1 nuclease treatment. Hybridized probes were visualized with the alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibody. The transcripts of ON and OP were clearly detected on the thin sections of the decalcified bone. Because this protocol does not require cloning or in vitro transcription, reliable and stable ISH can be done in an ordinary laboratory equipped with a thermal cycler.

Animals↗