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Biomedical subjects

S Kitano

Publications and source records attributed to S Kitano.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Esophageal transection may well be the approach of choice for patient with portal venous obstruction and esophageal varices.

Thirty patients with esophageal varices, portal venous obstruction and a histologically proven normal liver underwent either one of 2 different types of surgery. Shunt surgery was performed on 20 patients: 9 had a mesocaval shunt, 3, a splenorenal shunt, 4, a left gastric venacaval shunt, and 4, a distal splenorenal shunt. Conversely, direct interruption was performed on the other 10 patients; 6 underwent an esophageal transection, and 4 underwent a resection of the proximal stomach. Re-hemorrhage occurred in 7 of the former 20 patients but not in any of the 10 on whom the direct interruption method was used. In 6 of these 7 patients who experienced rebleeding, subsequent direct interruption surgery led to control of the bleeding. One patient died of a variceal hemorrhage one month postoperatively. The total 10 year cumulative survival rate was 86.3 per cent. In the light of these findings, we believe that methods of direct interruption, such as esophageal transection, may well be the approach of choice for patients with esophageal varices caused by extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Water, fixed charge density, protein contents, and lysine incorporation into protein in chymopapain-digested intervertebral disc of rabbit.

Chymopapain (Discase) was injected at a dose of 0.125 nanokatal unit into the intervertebral discs of rabbits, and sequential changes in the metabolism of water, proteoglycan, collagen, and noncollagenous protein were investigated separately in the nucleus pulposus, anterior, and posterior anulus fibrosus. One week after chymopapain injection, the water and proteoglycan content was lower in all of the fractionated tissues of the anterior and posterior anulus and nucleus pulposus of the discs than in the control discs. In the anterior and posterior anulus, the proteoglycan content recovered after 12 weeks, but there was no recovery in the nucleus pulposus. The collagen content continued to increase up to the 12th week in the nucleus pulposus, while the noncollagenous protein content decreased in all tissue fractions after 1 week. In the anterior and posterior anulus, the content of noncollagenous protein recovered after 3 to 6 weeks, but there was no recovery in the nucleus pulposus. The lysine incorporation in collagen and noncollagenous protein was inhibited in all tissue fractions after 12 weeks, suggesting a decrease in synthetic activity. The intradiscal pressure calculated from proteoglycan hydration at 1 to 6 weeks after chymopapain injection showed a marked decrease to 0.8 to 0.9 atm, but it recovered to 1.6 atm after 12 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Morphological and hemodynamic changes of the lung after injection of 5% ethanolamine oleate into dogs.

We examined the pulmonary hemodynamics and morphology after injection of a sclerosing solution of 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) into 24 normal dogs. EO of 0.5 ml/kg (n = 5), 1.0 ml/kg (n = 6), and 3.0 ml/kg (n = 7) was injected through the jugular vein into the right atrium for pathological examination and gravimetric study of the lung, while monitoring the pulmonary hemodynamics for 12 h. Normal saline of 3.0 ml/kg was injected into the remaining 6 control dogs, using the same method. Cardiac output significantly decreased immediately after injection of the sclerosant in all dogs given 0.5 ml/kg, 1.0 ml/kg and 3.0 ml/kg injections of EO; however, there was a tendency toward recovery from 6 h after injection in dogs given 0.5 ml/kg and from 9 h in dogs given 1.0 ml/kg. Pulmonary hypertension just after injection and hypoxia at 9-12 h occurred only when 3.0 ml/kg was injected. Irreversible pulmonary hemorrhage was present in the excised lungs in 4 of 7 dogs given 3.0 ml/kg, while there were no significant lesions in the other dogs. The lung water content in cases of 1.0 and 3.0 ml/kg injections was significantly higher than that in the controls, while there was no significant difference between those given 0.5 ml/kg and of the controls. The findings obtained in this study suggest that EO less than 0.5 ml/kg used for sclerosing esophageal varices seems to have little untoward influence on pulmonary hemodynamics and morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Determination of beta-lactam antibiotics in water by fluorescence quenching of mercurochrome, and application for simple investigation of potency.

The fluorescence quenching reaction between fluorescein mercury or halogeno-fluorescein mercury compounds (fl. Hg, 2,7- or 2,4-dichloro-fl.Hg, 3',4',5',6'-tetrachloro-fl.Hg, mercurochrome) and beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin (AB-PC) and cephalexin (CEX] was investigated, and mercurochrome was selected for the detection of beta-lactam antibiotics; the detection limit was about 0.8 micrograms/ml. A fluorimetric assay of beta-lactam antibiotics was established by measuring the fluorescence of mercurochrome and mercurochrome-beta-lactam antibiotics solutions in weakly basic media to determine the degree of fluorescence quenching. The maximum emission wavelength of mercurochrome solution was at 544 nm with excitation at 470 nm. The calibration graphs were linear over the ranges of about 0-6 micrograms/ml beta-lactam antibiotics penicillins (AB-PC, penicillin G, sulbenicillin, amoxicillin, cyclacillin, oxacillin, hetacillin and piperacillin) and cepham antibiotics (CEX, cefazolin, cephaloglycin, cephaloridine and cefpyramide), and the relative standard deviation was 2.7% for 1.4 micrograms/ml of AB-PC (n = 5). This fluorescence quenching reaction between mercurochrome and beta-lactam antibiotics was applied in a survey of decomposition and remaining potency of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease].

The lymphocyte subsets and the interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease (V.K.H.) were studied. In PBL, increased percentages of CD4+ T cells and decreased percentages of CD8+ T cells, which lead to high CD4/CD8 ratio were observed. In the CD4+ T cells the percentage of CD4+ 2H4+ T cells and CD4+ DR+ T cells increased. PBL from 3 out of 9 cases with V.K.H. produced high amount of IL-2 in vitro after stimulation with PHA, indicating IL-2 might be related to the pathogenesis of V.K.H. The differences of the phenotypes of PBL and IL-2 production in vitro between the patients in the acute and prolonged stages were not demonstrated. These results suggest that CD4+ T cells, especially CD4+ 2H4+ T cells may play an important role in the pathological feature of V.K.H.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Recombinant interferon-gamma is a potent inhibitor of osteoblastic cell functions.

Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated bone resorption is mediated by osteoclast-activating factor elaborated by osteoblasts. Recombinant interferon-gamma inhibits stimulation of bone resorption by these cytokines. We examined here the effects of recombinant mouse interferon-gamma (rmIFN-G) on DNA and collagen synthesis, and on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, in the osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1) under confluent culture conditions. Addition of rmIFN-G to the cells markedly inhibited their DNA synthesis and ALP activity in dose- and culture time-related manner. Also we found that rmIFN-G decreased markedly collagen synthesis at day 3 after addition of the agent. These data indicate that rmIFN-G is a potent inhibitor of osteoblastic cell functions.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of the inhibitions of proliferation of normal and psoriatic fibroblasts by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and synthetic analogues of vitamin D3 with an oxygen atom in their side chain.

The inhibitory effects of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and synthetic oxa-derivatives of vitamin D3 on growth of normal and psoriatic fibroblasts in culture were compared. Proliferation of normal fibroblasts was strongly inhibited by these new compounds in the following order: 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 greater than 22-oxa-1 alpha-(OH)D3 greater than 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 greater than 20-oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. 22-Oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 was about 10-times more inhibitory than 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. Proliferation of psoriatic fibroblasts was not inhibited by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 at concentrations of up to 10(-6) M, but was suppressed by 10(-8)-10(-6) M 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and 10(-6) M 22-oxa-1 alpha-(OH)D3. These results suggest that oxa-derivatives of vitamin D3, especially 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, should be useful in further studies on the cause and treatment of psoriasis.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1989

[A case report of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis which occurred during pregnancy and was accompanied by choreic movement].

A 25-year-old female in the 17th week of pregnancy was diagnosed by MRI as having central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. Serial observations with MR showed gradual disappearance of the lesions in the pons and striatum. Improvement of the symptoms took place shortly before disappearance of the lesions on MRI pictures. The initial symptoms were consciousness disturbance, cranial nerve palsy and tetraparesis. Before the latter disappeared seven months after occurrence of the disease, all other symptoms gradually improved. They were followed by delayed appearance of choreic movements, which was still remaining one year after discharge. It is rare for a pregnant woman to be attacked by central pontine myelinolysis. Moreover, very few symptoms caused by such extrapontine lesions have so far been reported. Also, a review of the relevant literature by the authors found no other case showing choreic movements. This report is of an extremely rare case of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis which occurred during pregnancy and is accompanied by choreic movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A prospective randomized trial of schedules for sclerosing esophageal varices. 1-versus 2-week intervals.

A prospective randomized trial was performed to compare the efficacy and complications of 1-week (20 patients) and 2-week (20 patients) interval schedules of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for patients with esophageal varices; 6 were acute, 3 were elective and 31 were prophylactic cases. There were no significant differences between the 1-week and 2-week interval groups with regard to total number of sclerotherapy sessions, total volume of the sclerosant used (5% ethanolamine oleate) or rate of complications such as pyrexia, stricture and pleural effusion. The incidence of ulcer and/or slough formation after EIS was the same in the two groups. Neither early nor recurrent bleeding occurred in any patient in the two groups. Eradication of varices in the 2-week interval group was achieved significantly earlier (p less than 0.05) than in the 1-week interval group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Effects of recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta on cell growth and alkaline phosphatase of the mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1.

Recombinant human interleukin 1 (rhIL-1)alpha and rhIL-1 beta were examined for their effects on DNA synthesis, cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activity of the mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. The relative activity of rhIL-1 alpha and rhIL-1 beta was compared in terms of the units which induced half-maximal [3H]thymidine uptake into mouse thymocyte cultures exposed to IL-1. Both rhIL-1 alpha and rhIL-1 beta significantly inhibited DNA synthesis and division of the cells in a concentration- and cultivation time-dependent fashion. In contrast, rhIL-1 alpha and rhIL-1 beta markedly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, which is a marker of osteoblastic differentiation. This activity in cells treated with rhIL-1 alpha and rhIL-1 beta increased about 2.0- and 1.7-fold, respectively, compared with that of control cultures. Inhibition of the DNA synthesis and stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by both types of rhIL-1 were completely neutralized by treatment with their respective polyclonal antisera. Also, inhibition of DNA synthesis was unaffected by the addition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors, and stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity was unaffected by the addition of indomethacin. These results indicate that both rhIL-1 alpha and rhIL-1 beta have qualitatively similar biological effects on osteoblastic cells. They also suggest that IL-1 is an important modulator of the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Central respiratory oscillator: phase-response analysis.

To investigate properties of the central respiratory oscillator, phrenic nerve activity, perturbed by electrical stimulation of the middle external intercostal nerve, was analyzed in rabbit by using a phase-response curve (PRC). During inspiration, the stimuli (4-8 pulses) caused all-or-none responses, i.e. a phase advance or no phase shift, and strong stimuli (10 pulses) induced only phase advances. During expiration only graded phase delays were observed. The overall slope of PRC was 0 for 2 pulses and 1 for 10 pulses. At the transition from expiration (E) to inspiration (I), the PRC was discontinuous. This discontinuity corresponds to a phase singularity. In contrast, at the transition from I to E, the PRC was continuous. Therefore, our findings indicate that E-I switching may differ from I-E switching in nature. The respiratory rhythm could not be stopped by perturbation at the phase singularity as predicted from the PRCs. Similarities between the reported PRCs, obtained by inhibitory stimulation of an endogenous bursting neuron and the PRCs in the present study, suggest a possibility that endogenous bursting neurons take part in the function of a mammalian central respiratory oscillator.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Recurrence of varices after oesophageal transection: intra-operative and postoperative assessment by endoscopy.

Intra-operative and postoperative endoscopy were used in 16 patients with portal hypertension to investigate whether intra-operative elimination of oesophageal varices by oesophageal transection with devascularization leads to prevention of variceal recurrence and rebleeding. Intra-operative elimination of the varices was achieved in 12 patients. In ten patients the varices recurred and in two cases rebled, during the follow-up period of 6-43 months (average 25 months). Of the ten patients with recurrent varices, eight (including the two who bled acutely in the postoperative period) successfully underwent endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. Postoperative endoscopy was performed at 5-monthly intervals. It is concluded that intra-operative elimination of the varices will not prevent recurrence and that a closer follow-up using endoscopy more than three times a year is a significant aid in the management of these patients.

Adult↗