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Biomedical subjects

S Kishi

Publications and source records attributed to S Kishi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Comparison of the effect of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc and its zinc-chelating ligand on bone metabolism in tissue culture.

The present investigation was undertaken to compare the effects of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc (AHZ) and its zinc-chelating ligands on bone metabolism in tissue culture. Calvaria were removed from 3-week-old male rats and cultured for up to 72 h in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium containing zinc sulfate, AHZ, di(N-acetyl-beta-alanyl-L-histidinato)zinc (AAHZ), and di(histidino)zinc (HZ). The bone calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased in the presence of AHZ or AAHZ (10(-8)-10(-5) M). Those increases were seen at 10(-7) to 10(-5) M zinc sulfate and HZ. The bone deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content was significantly increased by AHZ or AAHZ with 10(-7) to 10(-5) M, while 10(-7) M zinc sulfate and HZ had no effect. Thus, AHZ and AAHZ had more potent effect than that of zinc sulfate and HZ. The effect of AHZ, AAHZ and HZ (10(-5) M) increasing bone alkaline phosphatase activity was abolished by the presence of 10(-4) M dipicolinate, a chelator of zinc. Moreover, the effect of these zinc compounds on bone metabolic indices was not seen in the presence of 10(-6) M cycloheximide. The present results suggest that the effect of AHZ and AAHZ on bone metabolism is more potent than that of zinc sulfate and HZ.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Histomorphological confirmation of the preventive effect of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc on bone loss in ovariectomized rats.

The effect of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc (AHZ), in which zinc is chelated to beta-alanyl-L-histidine, on bone loss was investigated in the femur of ovariectomized rats. AHZ (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/d) was orally administered to ovariectomized rats for 3 months. Ovariectomy significantly decreased the estradiol concentration in the serum as compared with that from sham-operated rats. This decrease was not altered by the dose of AHZ. The bone ash weight and mineral density in the femur of ovariectomized rats significantly decreased in comparison with those from sham-operated rats. Moreover, the trabecular bone at the femoral metaphysis was clearly decreased by ovariectomy. The decreases in the femoral ash content and mineral density and the metaphyseal trabecular bone were clearly prevented by the tested doses of AHZ (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/d). The present finding with histomorphological study further supports the view that the administration of AHZ can prevent bone loss by ovariectomy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Perforation of the right ventricular wall and extraction into the left thoracic cavity by a permanent endocardial pacemaker lead: a case report].

A 80-year-old woman with right ventricular wall perforation and extraction into the left thoracic cavity by a permanent endocardial pacemaker (PM) lead was presented. The patient underwent an insertion of a permanent endocardial lead into the apex of the right ventricle for the treatment of sick sinus syndrome. The right ventricular perforation of the PM lead was incidentally diagnosed by recognizing it into the left thoracic cavity three months after the operation. Another PM lead could be inserted without removal of the former one.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Preretinal vitreous liquefaction following fundus photocoagulation in young rabbits].

We examined the vitreous change after the retina was destroyed by photocoagulation. Multiple photocoagulation with continuous-wave xenon or diode laser was used to create coagulated spots with 5 disc diameters near the optic disc in 26 eyes of 13 pigmented rabbits aged four weeks. After clinical observation, the eyes were enucleated at 2 weeks and 3, 4, and 14 months after photocoagulation. The vitreous was stained with fluorescein and examined by slitlamp while immersed in water. The vitreous remained unchanged in 2 eyes at 2 weeks after photocoagulation. A liquefied lacuna of the vitreous had formed anterior to the retinal scar in 20 eyes (83%) at 3, 4, and 14 months after photocoagulation. The liquefied lacuna assumed a columnar shape with its bottom corresponding to the retinal scar in 2 eyes at 14 months after photocoagulation. These results show that localized liquefaction in the posterior vitreous can be induced by fundus photocoagulation. It appeared that the presence of a normal retina is one of the prerequisites of integrity of the vitreous in young rabbit eyes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Autosomal codominant inheritance and Japanese incidence of deficiency of OKT4 epitope with lack of reactivity resulting from conformational change.

A large Japanese family in which some members were homozygous or heterozygous for OKT4 epitope deficiency was studied. Homozygotes, heterozygotes, and normal individuals were identified by differences in the number of OKT4 epitopes on the surfaces of lymphocytes. This deficiency was transmitted as an autosomal codominant trait. The internalization of CD4 molecules and the production of IL-2 by lymphocytes of these subjects were examined. The OKT4 epitope was not needed for internalization of CD4 molecules, and IL-2 was produced in the same amounts by these different kinds of subjects. DNA from four clones lacking OKT4 established from four individuals of this family was sequenced. As reported elsewhere for different subjects, a single nucleotide substitution (CGG-->TGG) was found in all four cell lines. The mutation results in arginine being replaced by tryptophan. Analysis showed different hydrophobicity at positions 239 and 240 from the control, probably giving rise to a conformational change in CD4 accounting for lack of reactivity with the OKT4 monoclonal antibody. The incidence of homozygotes in the Japanese population was found to be 0.47% by examination of 1478 random samples, and on the basis of this value, the incidence of heterozygotes was estimated to be 12.8%.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Clinical manifestations of posterior precortical vitreous pocket in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

BACKGROUND: In diabetic retinopathy, fibrovascular tissue is prone to form around the macular area in a circular pattern. Posterior precortical vitreous pocket is a physiologically presented premacular liquefied lacuna of the vitreous. The authors studied how a posterior precortical vitreous pocket affects the clinical feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: The authors examined the vitreous of 148 diabetic eyes from 114 patients with a ring- or C-shaped fibrovascular tissue surrounding the posterior fundus. RESULTS: A cone-shaped partial posterior vitreous detachment was a common feature of the vitreous. A posterior vitreous detachment was prevalent outer to the ring-shaped proliferation. In the posterior fundus inner to the ring, only the gel component of the vitreous was detached from the fundus with the cortical vitreous still attached onto the retina. The premacular liquefied lacuna was identified as the posterior precortical vitreous pocket. The profile of this pocket became obvious when vitreous hemorrhage settled within the posterior precortical vitreous pocket. The ring-shaped proliferation was formed along its the outer margin. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a posterior precortical vitreous pocket plays a key role in determining the pattern of proliferation in some types of diabetic retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of insulin administration on bone formation is impaired in rats with skeletal unloading.

The effect of insulin administration on bone formation was investigated in the femoral diaphysis of rats with skeletal unloading. When the femoral-diaphyseal tissues from normal rats were cultured in the presence of insulin (10(-9) and 10(-8) M) for 48 h, the hormone produced a significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and calcium contents in the bone tissues, indicating that it has a direct stimulatory effect on bone formation. Moreover, when normal rats received a subcutaneous administration of insulin (5.0 IU/100 g body weight) 5 times at 24-h intervals, the hormone caused a significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA and calcium contents in the femoral diaphysis. Those increases were not seen by insulin administration to the skeletal-unloading rats with hindlimb hang for 4 d. The present results indicate that the stimulatory effect of insulin on bone formation is lost by skeletal unloading. The finding further supports the view that insulin impairment plays an important role in the deterioration of bone formation by microgravity.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Prolonged administration of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats.

The effect of beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc (AHZ), in which zinc is chelated to beta-alanyl-L-histidine, on bone metabolism was investigated in the femoral diaphysis of ovariectomized rats. AHZ (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day) was orally administered to ovariectomized rats for 3 months. Ovariectomy significantly decreased the estradiol concentration in the serum as compared with that from sham-operated rats. This decrease was not altered by the dose of AHZ. The bone volume and dry weight in the femur of ovariectomized rats significantly decreased in comparison with those from sham-operated rats. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase activity, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and calcium contents in the femoral diaphysis were significantly decreased by ovariectomy. The decreases of the femoral volume and dry weight, the femoral-diaphyseal alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA and calcium contents by ovariectomy were completely prevented by the tested doses of AHZ (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/day). AHZ in the dose range of 10-100 mg/kg/day caused a significant increase in zinc content in the femoral diaphysis of ovariectomized rats. The present study suggests that the prolonged administration of AHZ can prevent bone loss by ovariectomy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Effects of quinotolast, a new orally active antiallergic drug, on experimental allergic models.

The effects of a new antiallergic drug, quinotolast [sodium 5-(4-oxo-1-phenoxy-4H-quinolizine-3-carboxamido)tetrazolate monohydrate], were studied and compared with those of tranilast, amlexanox, pemirolast, repirinast and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in experimental allergic models. Quinotolast potently inhibited such type I allergic reactions as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in rats by both intravenous and oral dosing. All of these effects were stronger than those of the reference drugs tested. Quinotolast inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal cells, but it had no antagonistic effect on histamine-, serotonin-, platelet activating factor- or bradykinin-induced cutaneous reactions in rats. Moreover, it was clearly demonstrated that quinotolast and DSCG had a cross tachyphylaxis to inhibit PCA in rats, suggesting that these drugs, at least in part, share the same mechanism of action. Furthermore, quinotolast potently inhibited PCA in guinea pigs in which DSCG and other reference drugs showed poor inhibitory activity. Quinotolast also showed stronger inhibitory effects on histamine and peptide leukotrienes release from guinea pig lung fragments or mouse cultured mast cells than the other drugs tested. Thus, the effect of quinotolast on type I allergic reaction would seem to be based on an inhibition of mediator release from inflammatory cells including mast cells. The results suggest that quinotolast will be beneficial in the treatment of type I allergy-related diseases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Scanning electron microscopic findings of the premacular vitreous in eyes without posterior vitreous detachment].

We examined the posterior vitreous of 24 normal autopsy eyes without posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by biomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When the gel component was stained with fluorescein and the specimen was immersed in water, the vitreous cortex showed extreme attenuation at the premacular area and the lacuna (posterior precortical vitreous pocket: PPVP) was present in front of the vitreous cortex. In SEM photographs the same position, the vitreous cortex was observed as a cellophane-like membrane overlying the retina at the magnification of approximately 40-100 x. The meshwork structure of the cellophane-like membrane could be seen at the magnification of approximately 1,000 x. The size of the fibers forming the mesh was compatible with that of vitreous collagen fibers. The smooth surface of internal limiting membrane was observed beneath the fibrous membrane. We confirmed that the vitreous cortex was present as a fibrous membrane separated from the gel component in eyes with no PVD.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Saponins of anemarrhenae rhizoma].

Three steroidal saponins 3, 4 and 5a were newly isolated from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. Compounds 3 and 4 were identical with desgalactotigonin and F-gitonin, respectively. Compound 5a was established as (25S)-26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5 beta-furostane-3 beta,26-diol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1991

[Genetic, immunological and functional studies on lymphocytes with OKT4-epitope deficiency].

Although it is well-known that Leu3a-epitope on CD4 molecule functions as a receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the function of OKT4-epitope is still obscure. In order to learn the significance of OKT4-epitope, we performed immunological and functional studies on lymphocytes obtained from individuals with incomplete/complete OKT-4 epitope deficiency. Their lymphocytes did not show any abnormality in their susceptibility to HIV infection, the internalization of CD4 molecules by TPA-treatment, the capability of producing IL-2 in vitro or the expression of IL-2R (alpha/beta-chain) by PHA-stimulation. By flow cytometric analysis it was demonstrated that quantity of OKT4-epitopes in the incomplete deficiency was approximately one-half less than that of normal individuals. Coupled with this fact and DNA analysis previously reported, individuals with incomplete/complete OKT4-epitope deficiency were considered to be heterozygote and homozygote, respectively. These results led us to the conclusion that OKT4-epitope deficiency was inherited as an autosomal codominant trait. Individuals with complete OKT4-epitope deficiency were found in 7 cases out of 1486 random samples (0.47%), from which individuals with incomplete OKT4-epitope deficiency were estimated to account for 12.8%.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

[A case of peritonitis carcinomatosa due to advanced gastric cancer effectively treated by intraperitoneal injection of carboplatin].

The patient was a 72-year-old woman who had advanced carcinoma of the stomach. She presented massive ascites due to peritonitis carcinomatosa. The cytology of ascites was class V and the CEA level of ascites was elevated. Since renal function was low, we injected 300 mg of carboplatin intraperitoneally 2 times in 8 weeks. The amount of ascites was significantly diminished and the CEA level of ascites was decreased. The result suggested the effectiveness of intraperitoneal injection of carboplatin for the therapy of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The state of the vitreous in idiopathic macular holes].

We examined the vitreous of 37 eyes of 31 patients with macular holes of various stages. There was no posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in 18 of 18 impending and 19 of 20 newly formed macular holes. In newly formed macular holes, the operculum was located either at the level of or immediately anterior to the retinal surface. The gel component of the vitreous was always separated from the posterior fundus by intervening liquefied lacuna, simulating PVD. However, the cortical vitreous was located posterior to the liquefied lacuna and remained attached to the retina. PVD failed to develop in all of 15 eyes during the follow-up period of 3 months after formation of a macular hole. The incidence of PVD increased in the eyes with macular holes lasting for 1 year or longer. In our present series, PVD in its classical sense did not contribute to the pathogenesis of macular holes as it developed after formation of the latter. Instead, a subtle anterior displacement of vitreous cortex strictly confined to the area of the fovea seemed to trigger the development of idiopathic macular holes.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Posterior precortical vitreous pocket.

We examined the vitreous of 84 human autopsy eyes by biomicroscopy after staining the gel component with fluorescein and immersing the specimen in water. A noteworthy finding was the presence of a posterior precortical vitreous pocket that was basically located immediately anterior to the posterior fundus surrounded by the temporal vascular arcades. The posterior wall of the posterior precortical vitreous pocket was composed of a thin layer of vitreous cortex. The anterior border was contoured by the formed vitreous. The posterior precortical vitreous pocket seemed to expand or become confluent with adjacent lacunae in the vitreous. The posterior precortical vitreous pocket was present in all of 48 eyes with no or incomplete posterior vitreous detachment and in 19 of 36 eyes with posterior vitreous detachment. An oval-shaped defect of the premacular cortical vitreous was seen in 10 of 36 eyes with posterior vitreous detachment. The posterior precortical vitreous pocket was consistently present in front of the macula regardless of the type of vitreous liquefaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of antibody against human liver guanase by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining of human liver guanase by a direct labeling antibody-enzyme method.

Human liver guanase was purified and a specific antibody against it was raised in rabbits. The antiserum formed a single precipitin line with human liver extract, and also completely inhibited the activity of the liver enzyme. An immunoblotting study showed that the antibody bound specifically to one band of protein with guanase activity and not to other proteins. Therefore, we concluded that this antiserum against the liver enzyme was suitable for use in immunohistochemical demonstration of guanase. In tissue sections, the immunohistochemical reaction with this antibody was positive in the same locations as the histochemical guanase reaction with DAB (3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride).

Aminohydrolases↗