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Biomedical subjects

S Kirk

Publications and source records attributed to S Kirk.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Regulation of plasma and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor-I by nutrition and treatment with growth hormone in sheep.

Tissue and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and relative levels of liver IGF-I RNA, were measured in 6-month-old ewe lambs which were well fed (n = 10) or starved (n = 10) for 5 days. Half of each nutrition group was given daily (09.00 h) injections of human GH (hGH; 0.15 mg/kg body weight per day). Blood was sampled daily from 09.00 to 12.00 h at 15-min intervals through jugular vein catheters and the lambs were slaughtered 24 h after the fifth injection of hGH. Tissue and plasma IGF-I was extracted using an acid-ethanol-cryo-precipitation technique and estimated by radioimmunoassay. Tissue IGF-I was corrected for retained plasma IGF-I using tissue and blood hemoglobin levels. Liver IGF-I RNA levels were monitored by in-situ hybridization. Plasma IGF-I (nmol/l) was higher in both the fed group and the fed group given GH treatment. Tissue IGF-I from kidneys (nmol/kg) was also higher (P < 0.001) in the fed group. There was no significant difference in IGF-I concentrations in the muscle biceps femoris or liver between fed and starved lambs. Although GH treatment did not increase IGF-I levels in tissues significantly, IGF-I RNA levels in liver were increased (P = 0.02) in both fed and starved animals. The relative liver IGF-I RNA levels positively correlated with their corresponding tissue IGF-I levels in the fed group and the fed group given GH treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Irresectable hepatoma treated by intrahepatic iodized oil doxorubicin hydrochloride: initial results.

In this study we describe the investigation and treatment of 14 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients were treated with intra-arterial infusion of iodized oil and doxorubicin hydrochloride. Five of these patients were alive after 1 year. Twelve patients showed a fall in alpha-fetoprotein, and in seven of these patients, the fall in alpha-fetoprotein was greater than 50%.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A profile of residents of old people's homes.

This paper describes the characteristics of the 450 residents of all statutory residential homes for the elderly within five local government districts in Northern Ireland. The residents are described in terms of demographic detail, prevalence of dementia and prevalence of problem behaviour. Results are comparable with those of other studies. There are more females, fewer are married and more are over the age of 75 years than would be predicted from the general population. Roughly half scored within the dementia range, with 56% of those over 85 years being demented. More than 33% had some degree of incontinence, 9% were immobile and 10% were physically aggressive at least once a week. Five percent were wanderers and nearly all residents required help with bathing.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Skinfold thickness measurements in obese subjects.

To determine the accuracy of skinfold thickness measurements in body composition assessment, skinfold thicknesses, bioelectrical impedance, body density by underwater weighing, and total body water by deuterium dilution were determined in 105 healthy adults who varied widely in body fatness. Body fat ranged from 2.9% to 61.2% of body weight and a substantial number of obese subjects was included. The correlation between body fat calculated from skinfold equations and body fat measured by underwater weighing was in the same range as that between body fat estimated from impedance and underwater weighing. However, body fat calculated both from skinfold equations and bioelectrical impedance tended to be underestimated compared with body fat calculated from underwater weighing and total body water in the most obese subjects. In obese subjects it was not possible to measure significant numbers of skinfold thicknesses because of the inadequate size of the calipers.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of long-distance running on bone mass in women.

The effect of long-distance running on bone mass was assessed in 10 premenopausal and 9 estrogen-deprived postmenopausal women and compared to that in closely matched sedentary control women. Vertebral trabecular bone density (VBD) was determined by computed tomography and radial cortical bone density (CBD) by single-photon absorptiometry. Physical fitness was assessed by determining maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) on a treadmill run to exhaustion. VBD was 183 +/- 7 mg/cm3 and VO2max was 48 +/- 1 ml/kg per minute in young women runners and 163 +/- 8 mg/cm3 and 32 +/- 2 ml/kg per minute in sedentary young women. A positive correlation was noted between VBD and VO2max in these groups (r = 0.509, p less than 0.03). Despite a significantly higher VO2max in postmenopausal women runners compared with sedentary controls (37 +/- 2 versus 24 +/- 2 ml/kg per minute), VBD was identical (112 +/- 5 versus 111 +/- 5 mg/cm3) and no correlation was seen between VBD and VO2max (r = 0.187, p = 0.457). Radial cortical bone density was not different between the runners or sedentary groups in young women (0.738 +/- 0.01 versus 0.732 +/- 0.1 g/cm2) or postmenopausal women (0.617 +/- 0.3 versus 0.665 +/- 0.4 g/cm2). These results suggest that although physical fitness enhances vertebral bone density in premenopausal women, it does not appear to prevent age- and/or sex steroid deficiency-induced bone loss in postmenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Developing a comprehensive system for handling mental illness commitments.

A comprehensive system for processing individuals being evaluated for mental illness commitment is presented. The system comprises six levels making maximum use of screening and evaluation procedures prior to judicial action. The system levels are described. Data from both the general literature and research specific to the system are presented to support the efficacy of such a processing model. The data suggest state hospital admissions/readmissions and hospital populations are reduced following implementation of the proposed screening/evaluation procedures. Additionally, the commitment system presented addresses recent sociopolitical trends mandating sufficient recognition of the rights of the mentally ill.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1977

Minimizing corneal endothelial damage due to intraocular lens contact.

Previous studies have shown that momentary contact between a methylmethacrylate intraocular lens and the corneal endothelial cells results in extensive cell damage. This contact damage is reduced by coating the pseudophake with various solutions prior to contact with the endothelium.

Cornea↗