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Biomedical subjects

S Kim

Publications and source records attributed to S Kim.

At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Exercise-induced acute renal failure and patchy renal vasoconstriction: CT and MR findings.

Contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging of the kidney were performed in two patients with acute renal failure and severe loin pain following a track race. Prior to the exercise both patients had had flu-like symptoms and took oral medications. There was no evidence of myoglobinuria. Immediate postcontrast CT of the kidney showed multiple patchy areas of poor contrast enhancement; after 24 h, there were multiple patchy enhancing cortical areas on CT without further use of intravenous contrast media. Magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney showed patchy areas of high signal intensity with obliteration of the corticomedullary contrast on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images the signal intensity of the lesion was high in one patient and low in the other.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infarction of the kidney: role of contrast enhanced MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on nine kidneys in six patients with renal infarction caused by renal arterial embolism secondary to cardiac valvular disease. The time interval between the onset of the symptoms attributable to renal infarction and the date of MRI was 2-23 days. On both T1- and T2-weighted images the signal intensity of the infarcted area was lower than that of the noninfarcted area in six kidneys and higher in three kidneys. Postcontrast T1-weighted images demonstrated the extent of the infarction except in the kidney in which the infarcted areas had high signal intensity on precontrast T1-weighted images.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of codon 98 of the FHIT gene on cervical cancer in Korean women.

The Fragile Histadine Triad (FHIT) is a putative tumor suppressor gene involved in different tumors. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of codon 98 of FHIT on cervical carcinogenesis. The study subjects were patients who were pathologically diagnosed with cervical neoplasia and who had a positive result for human papillomavirus (n = 567) compared to normal healthy women as normal controls (n = 506). The FHIT-specific sequences of DNA from peripheral blood samples from study subjects were determined by PCR using allele-specific primers and were compared with those of the controls. The genetic susceptibility of codon 98 of the FHIT gene (3p14.2) in cervical carcinogenesis was determined by examining the effect of the gene and environmental factors vs. the different stages of cervical intraepithelial lesions and the different histopathologic types of invasive cervical cancers. On assessing FHIT polymorphisms, the percentages of individuals homozygous for the T allele, homozygous for the C allele, and heterozygous for these two alleles were 42.1%, 11.3, and 46.6% in the control group. The corresponding figures were 39.5%, 14.8%, and 45.7% among in women with cervical cancer. Compared with FHIT T/ T, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for FHIT C/C was 1.4 (0.8-2.5) for invasive cervical cancer and 1.7 (0.9-3.1) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III. The risks for invasive cervical cancer were higher with early onset cervical carcinogenesis (2.3, 1.0-5.5, P = 0.0438), than with late onset (1.0, 0.5-2.1, P = 0.9306). The risks of FHIT C/C or C/ T also increased for ever smokers or women with two or more children compared with FHIT T/ T. Polymorphisms of FHIT are associated with a higher risk of developing cervical cancer, in particular early onset cervical carcinogenesis.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical implications of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody test in lupus nephritis.

To elucidate the prevalence and clinical implications of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in lupus nephritis (LN), we examined ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence and by ELISA against antilactoferrin (anti-LF) and antimyeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) antibody. To discriminate perinuclear ANCA (pANCA) with antinuclear antibody (ANA), all the ANCA-positive sera were tested again after incubating patients' sera with single-stranded (SS) and double-stranded (ds) DNA. These results were compared with clinicopathologic manifestations and clinical courses of LN. ANCA was positive in 19 (37.3%) of 51 LN patients. Among these LN patients, 3 had cytoplasmic ANCA (cANCA) and 16 had pANCA. ANCA was not found in 8 SLE patients without nephritis and 30 normal controls. The presence of ANCA, particularly pANCA, was associated with the presence of nephritis (18/51 cases vs. 0/8 cases, p < 0.05), especially with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis, WHO class IV (17/18 cases vs. 21/31 cases, p < 0.05) as well as the presence of anti-dsDNA antibody (17/19 cases vs. 18/30 cases, p < 0.05). Patients with ANCA frequently had deterioration of renal function (3/16 vs. 0/26 cases). Anti-LF antibody was positive in 13 patients. Among those, 12 patients had nephritis. Five patients with anti-LF antibody did not have ANCA, but 7 had pANCA, and 1 had cANCA. Patients with anti-LF antibody had lower initial creatinine levels than those without it [serum creatinine (mg/dl): 0.78 (0.6-1.0) vs. 1.43 (0.5-5.0), p < 0.05]. Anti-MPO antibody was positive in only 1 patient, suggesting that MPO is a rare antigen for ANCA in LN.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secondary polycythemia associated with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

A 58-year-old male patient had secondary polycythemia associated with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The renal biopsy revealed membranous nephropathy, and the bone marrow biopsy disclosed hypercellular marrow with mild panhyperplasia. The concentration of serum erythropoietin was 8.5 mU/ml. The erythrocytosis was characterized by an increased red cell volume (40.2 ml/kg) and normal arterial oxygen saturation. There were no associated lesions that could induce secondary polycythemia, except the biopsy-proven membranous nephropathy. He was treated with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, and the nephrotic syndrome was partially remitted after 6 weeks. With partial remission of nephrotic syndrome, the erythrocytosis was resolved. This case illustrates the rarely reported association of the nephrotic syndrome and erythrocytosis, and the resolution of erythrocytosis with improvement of nephrotic syndrome.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-acne effects of Oriental herb extracts: a novel screening method to select anti-acne agents.

The acne-therapeutic effects of Oriental herb extracts were investigated in terms of antichemotactic effect on polymorphonuclear leucocytes, antilipogenic actions, antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and resistance induction potency in the bacteria. The ethanol extract (0.01%) of Angelica dahurica markedly suppressed neutrophil chemotaxis, comparable to the effect of erythromycin (0.01%), whereas a strong antilipogenic effect was obtained with rhizoma coptidis (Coptis chinensis) extract (0.01%), leading to a higher efficacy than that of retinoic acid (0.01%). Interestingly, only Glycyrrhiza glabra showed a remarkable antibacterial activity against P. acnes, resulting in negligible induction of resistance, in comparison with a marked development of resistance in the bacteria treated with erythromycin. We suggest that an appropriate formulation containing A. dahurica, rhizoma coptidis and G. glabra could be helpful for the prevention and treatment of acne lesions.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption of the canine brain during hemorrhagic hypotension.

The sequential changes in systemic and cerebral hemodynamics, systemic and cerebral oxygen transport and consumption rates, and the regional blood flows (measured with 15 micron microspheres) to the cortical and subcortical brain tissues were determined in nine dogs subjected to graded hemorrhage (10 ml/kg X 4 at 15 min intervals). As hemorrhage progressed, both mean arterial pressure and cardiac output decreased progressively. In contrast to the systemic circulation, the mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF) was well maintained by cerebral vasodilation and the cerebral O2 consumption rate (CMRO2) increased during the first three stages of hemorrhage. At 40 ml/kg of hemorrhage, there were significant reduction in mCBF and CMRO2 despite the increase in O2 extraction, suggesting the occurrence of cerebral hypoxia and decompensation of the cerebral circulation. There were remarkable regional variations in the responses of regional cerebral blood flows (rCBF) to hypovolemia, resulting in a significant redistribution of cerebral blood flow. The fractions of cardiac output supplying the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), the brain stem (pons and medulla oblongata) and the cervical spinal cord increased after hemorrhage up to 40 ml/kg. The redistribution of rCBF favors those areas where neurons related to cardiovascular control are located. These findings have significant implications relating to hemodynamic regulation during hemorrhagic hypotension.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ischemic stroke associated with anticardiolipin antibodies.

Anticardiolipin antibodies are a group of antiphospholipid autoantibodies seen primarily in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. We report 3 patients, 2 without systemic lupus, who suffered ischemic brain infarction associated with these antibodies in the absence of detectable lupus anticoagulant activity. Anticardiolipin antibodies, possibly associated with a lupus anticoagulant-like thrombotic tendency, may be a newly recognized cause of ischemic stroke.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene-induced alpha-2u-globulin nephropathy.

Male and female Fischer-344 (F-344) and male NCI-Black-Reiter (NBR) rats were dosed with 0, 35.5, or 71 mg 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB)/kg/day for 10 days. Male F-344 rats were dosed with TNB (0 and 35.5 mg/kg) for 20 and 30 days. Hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory-Heidenhain stains and alpha-2u-globulin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical stains were performed on kidney sections. All treated male F-344 rats exhibited dose-related accumulation of hyaline droplets containing alpha-2u-globulin in proximal tubules. The kidney weights were significantly increased in male and female rats treated with TNB. Significant increases in cell proliferation in proximal tubules were observed in male F-344 rats. Renal changes observed in TNB-treated rats appeared identical to those from other chemicals that induce alpha-2u-globulin nephropathy in male rats. No hyaline droplet accumulation was found in female F-344 and male NBR rats at any doses. We can conclude that TNB induces dose-related exacerbation of hyaline droplets containing alpha-2u-globulin in male rat kidney and subsequent cell proliferation.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The alteration of extraocular muscle arc after hang-back recession in animal experiments.

We did an animal experimental study to investigate the extraocular muscle arc after hang-back recession on horizontal rectus muscles of five dogs. Two tiny sutures using 8-0 nylon were made on the sclera 8-10 mm posterior to the muscle insertion along the upper and lower margins of the right lateral rectus and left medial rectus to compare the altered muscle arc with the original muscle arc. Hang-back recession was performed on the horizontal rectus muscles and three months later we investigated the change in the muscle arc. Four of the 10 muscles operated showed no change, four were displaced upward (mean +/- SD; 1.00 +/- 0.16 mm) and two were displaced downward (1.00 +/- 0.00 mm). The average displacement was 0.60 +/- 0.52 mm. The alteration of muscle arc after hang-back recession thus seems insignificant.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tea and tea polyphenols inhibit cell hyperproliferation, lung tumorigenesis, and tumor progression.

Both green and black tea have been shown to inhibit lung tumorigenesis in laboratory animal experiments. Green tea inhibited N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced lung tumor incidence and multiplicity in female A/J mice when tea was given either during the carcinogen treatment period or during the post-carcinogen treatment period. In a separate tumorigenesis model, both decaffeinated black tea and decaffeinated green tea inhibited 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumor formation. Studies in which tea was administered during different time periods in relation to the NNK suggest that tea can inhibit lung tumorigenesis at both the initiation and promotion stages. The antiproliferative effects of tea may be responsible for these anti-carcinogenic actions. Black tea polyphenol preparations decreased NNK-induced hyperproliferation. Black tea also inhibited the progression of pulmonary adenomas to adenocarcinomas and the formation of spontaneous lung tumors in A/J mice. Growth inhibition by various tea polyphenols has been demonstrated in human lung H661 and H1299 cells. Although inhibition of cell growth and signal transduction pathways by tea components have been demonstrated, the concentrations required to produce the effect are higher than achievable in tissues in vivo. More research is necessary to translate these laboratory results to applications in human chemoprevention.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional differences in apoptosis in murine gliosarcoma (T9) induced by mild hyperthermia.

There are several reports of apoptosis induced by mild hyperthermia both in vitro and in vivo. However, in tumour nodules, regional differences in apoptosis induced by hyperthermia have not been studied morphologically or quantified. In this study, apoptosis was identified on the basis of its characteristic morphology, and was quantified in different tumour regions (margin and centre) by light and electron microscopy and discussed the correlation with necrosis. Apoptosis was induced in solid nodules of gliosarcoma (T9) in vivo by heating for 30 min in a water bath at 43 degrees C. The gliosarcoma cells showed a rapid increase in the number of apoptotic cells following mild hyperthermia. There was a regional difference in the rate of apoptosis immediately after hyperthermia. Necrosis was markedly enhanced only in the centre of the tumour 3 and 6 h after hyperthermia. These combined responses of apoptosis and necrosis seem to be caused by the microenvironmental change in the intratumour location.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tolerance of patients and postoperative results: topical anesthesia for strabismus surgery.

PURPOSE: To assess patient tolerance and the postoperative results of intraoperative adjustment of strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with strabismus underwent rectus muscle recession under topical anesthesia without the use of additional systemic analgesics and sedatives. Patient tolerance was estimated according to the sites of procedure. In addition, the angle of strabismus was measured 1 day, 6 weeks, and 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS: Of the 24 patients identified (11 men and 13 women; mean age: 24 years), 16 had exotropia, 7 were esotropic, and 1 was hypertropic. During the operation, 17 patients never expressed any pain, and 7 patients complained of discomfort on muscle manipulation. Postoperatively, the success rate was 95.8% (23 patients) the first day after surgery, 79.2% (19 patients) after 6 weeks, and 70.8% (17 patients) after 1 year. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative adjustment performed with the patient under topical anesthesia is recommended in all cooperative cases of strabismus surgery and is comfortable for patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High levels of GM1-ganglioside beta-galactosidase in the salivary glands and GM1-like-ganglioside storage in parotids of deficient mice.

We have previously demonstrated high levels of GM1-ganglioside beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in the salivary glands of Swiss-Webster mice (Nowroozi et al., J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 18:51, 1998), and suggested that this activity reflects an important role for the lysosome in catabolism of salivary glycoconjugates. Here, we characterized and compared activities of lysosomal glycosidases among the salivary glands, spleen, and muscle of C57BL/6 mice, beta-gal hexosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase activities are high in all three glands relative to muscle. Enzyme activities in the sublingual gland were substantially higher than in the submandibular and parotid glands. Spleen displays levels of activity that are comparable or higher (for beta-glucuronidase) than those in the salivary glands, whereas muscle displays substantially lower levels of these lysosomal glycosidases. In order to investigate the role of beta-gal in the salivary glands, we further characterized the salivary phenotype of knock-out mice deficient in this enzyme, mimicking human GM1-gangliosidosis. In contrast with the relative levels of beta-gal specific-activity among the salivary glands, only the parotid developed severe, generalized, degenerative histopathological changes in beta-gal-deficient knock-out mice. GM1-like-ganglioside, typically found at high levels only in the nerve tissue, where its exact function is still not clear, was demonstrated in storage vacuoles of the parotid glands of the deficient mice by binding of cholera toxin subunit B. Thus, beta-gal activity observed in the parotid gland most likely reflects its role in GM1-ganglioside catabolism, and this ganglioside, never previously reported in the salivary glands, may have a role in parotid exocrine secretory functions. beta-gal may also serve in secretory glycoprotein catabolism in other salivary glands, but this function may be non-essential for these glands.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transtubular potassium concentration gradient (TTKG) and urine ammonium in differential diagnosis of hypokalemia.

BACKGROUND: Hypokalemia is a common and sometimes serious clinical problem, whose etiological diagnosis can frequently be based on the patient's history and the clinical setting. Measurement of urinary indices such as excretory rate of K+, random urine K+ concentrations and blood acid-base parameters have been employed in the pathophysiological diagnosis, though with some pitfalls. METHODS: To investigate the diagnostic usefulness of the transtubular potassium concentration gradient (TTKG) and urine ammonium in the differentiation of hypokalemia, we measured serum K+ and osmolality, random urine electrolytes, osmolality and ammonium, the urinary [Na]/[K] ratio (U(Na)/K), plasma aldosterone and TTKG in 7 patients with diarrhea, 6 with vomiting, 7 with mineralocorticoid excess, 6 with diuretic usage, and compared them with those of 7 overnight fasted and acid-loaded healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The urine K+ concentrations did not reflect urinary loss of potassium according to the subjects' hydration status. U(Na)/k in the hypokalemic patients with mineralocorticoid excess (1.4 +/- 0.5) was lower than in normal subjects (2.3 +/- 0.4) (p<0.05). TTKG was higher in hypokalemic patients with mineralocorticoid excess (13.3 +/- 4.4) and diuretic usage (8.6 +/- 1.3) and lower in those with diarrhea (1.6 +/- 0.3) than in the normal controls (5.0 +/- 0.7) (p<0.5). TTKG in the patients with vomiting (3.5 +/- 0.6) was the same as in normal controls. TTKG was stronger correlated with the plasma aldosterone levels in the hypokalemic patients due to renal potassium loss. Urine ammonium concentrations of the acid-loaded normal subjects (73.3 +/- 5.0 mEq/L), patients with diarrhea (74.4 +/- 2.0 mEq/L) and patients with mineralocorticoid excess (68.7 +/- 6.9 mEq/L) were higher than in overnight-fasted normal subjects (31.3 +/- 4.9 mEq/L). CONCLUSION: TTKG and random urine ammonium were useful in the pathophysiological differential diagnosis of hypokalemia.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis with perirenal abscess cured by conservative therapy.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare life-threatening infection of the renal parenchyma. It usually affects unilateral kidney and occurs mostly in diabetic patients. It is characterized by the presence of gas within the renal parenchyma and requires prompt diagnosis and early aggressive therapy. Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis is even more rare and is associated with high mortality. We describe a case of a 62-year-old diabetic woman who presented with nonketotic hyperosmolar coma and bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Diagnosis of bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis was confirmed by an abdominal computed tomographic scan and microbiologic studies. Our patient was successfully treated using percutaneous catheter drainage and long-term antibiotic therapy.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of c-erbB-2 expression an activity in human ovarian carcinoma cells by hypericin.

The c-erbB-2 oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase that constitutes the internal and transmembrane part of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). ErbB-2 overexpression has been reported in 20% to 30% of human adenocarcinomas of the breast and ovary, and has been linked to an unfavorable prognosis in patients. Hypericin is a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been exploited in models for anti-tumor and anti-viral activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypericin on the activity of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and its downstream kinases. We also investigated the effect of hypericin on metastasis. We used ovarian SK-OV-3 cells as a model to determine whether hypericin-induced cell death was associated with inhibition of c-erbB-2 expression and activation. The IC50 of hypericin after 72 hrs exposure was 7.5 microM as determined by the MTT assay. Apoptosis, which was assessed by morphological changes and a flow cytometric assay, was observed at 24 h after continuous exposure to 5 microM hypericin. Inhibition of expression of the c-erbB-2 protein was detected, using a monoclonal anti-erbB-2 antibody after 12-48 hrs of exposure to hypericin. Hypericin was found to inhibit autophosphorylation of the erbB-2 protein and downstream kinases such as MEK and ERK1/2. We also found up-regulation of p21WAF1 expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 in hypericin treated cells. An invasion assay showed that hypericin inhibited the movement of SK-OV-3 cells into the Matrigel. However, gelatin zymography showed that hypericin had no effect on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in SK-OV-3 cells. From these results, we conclude that hypericin inhibits the growth of SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells, inhibits the autophosphorylation of c-erbB-2, induces apoptosis, and may inhibit invasion.

Anthracenes↗