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Biomedical subjects

S Kim

Publications and source records attributed to S Kim.

At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A map of the distal region of the long arm of human chromosome 21 constructed by radiation hybrid mapping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

We have used radiation hybrid (RH) mapping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the order and positions of 28 DNA markers from the distal region of the long arm of human chromosome 21. The maps generated by these two methods are in good agreement. This study, combined with that of D. R. Cox et al. (1990, Science 250:245-250), results in an RH map that covers the long arm of chromosome 21 (21q). We have used a subtelomeric probe to show that our map includes the telomere and have identified single-copy genes and markers within 200 kbp of the telomere. Comparison of the physical and RH maps with genetic linkage maps shows "hot spots" of meiotic recombination in the distal region, one of which is close to the telomere, in agreement with previous cytogenetic observations of increased recombination frequency near telomeres.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for heterogeneity of glycosylation of human renin obtained by using lectins.

1. In this study, the carbohydrate structure of pure human renin was examined by using various lectins. 2. Pure renin could be separated into three forms by concanavalin A chromatography, a concanavalin A-unbound form, a loosely bound form and a tightly bound form, termed renins A, B and C, respectively. Renins A, B and C accounted for 3, 13 and 84%, respectively, of the purified renin. These forms were all present in individual human plasma and the relative proportions in plasma were 27 +/- 3, 33 +/- 4 and 39 +/- 5% (means +/- SEM) for renins A, B and C, respectively (n = 5). 3. Each form, electroblotted on to the nitrocellulose sheet after gel electrophoresis, was incubated with five peroxidase-labelled lectins, lentil lectin, erythroagglutinating phytohaemagglutinin, wheat-germ agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin and peanut agglutinin. The protein was stained with 4-chloro-1-naphthol. 4. The staining pattern obtained with these lectins was significantly different among the three forms of human renin, confirming that they have different carbohydrate structures. Furthermore, the positive staining of human renin with erythroagglutinating phytohaemagglutinin, wheat-germ agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin was in contrast with the lack of binding of rat renin to these lectins. 5. These results indicate the renal secretion of differently glycosylated multiple forms of human renin. The carbohydrate structure of human renin appears to differ from that of rat renin.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Embryonic mouse spinal cord motor neuron hybrid cells.

Studies of motor neurons are difficult because of limitations in their isolation and culture. One solution is to produce clonal neural hybrid cells that can express motor neuron characteristics; we fused an aminopterin-sensitive and neomycin-resistant mouse neuroblastoma cell line to isolated embryonic mouse spinal cord motor neurons. Several hybrid neuron cell lines expressing high levels of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) enzyme activity were found. These were cloned and clones with high CHAT activity isolated. The hybrid nature of cloned cells was confirmed by karyotyping and determining glucose phosphate isomerase allozymes. The availability of these embryonic clonal hybrid cells will enable molecular, physiological, and biochemical studies to define motor neuron-specific properties.

Aminopterin↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus gene amplification by heparin.

Gene amplification of virus-specific sequences is widely used as a method to detect or confirm human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this study we used an enzyme-linked affinity assay to quantify polymerase chain reaction products from whole blood, plasma, and separated mononuclear cells collected in the presence of four common anticoagulants: acid citrate dextrose, sodium EDTA, potassium oxalate, and sodium heparin. Attenuation of the product signal was observed after amplification of nucleic acid extraction from whole blood, washed mononuclear cells, and plasma from specimens collected in sodium heparin. These inhibitory effects on gene amplification could be reversed with heparinase. The addition of as little as 0.05 U of heparin completely inhibited amplification of an HLA-DQa sequence from placental DNA. We conclude that heparin can cause attenuation or inhibition of gene amplification. Acid citrate dextrose and EDTA, which lack inhibitory activity, are the most appropriate anticoagulants for clinical blood samples when polymerase chain reaction amplification is anticipated.

Citric Acid↗
PubMed1991

Biochemical and immunological differences between plasma inactive renin from normal and nephrectomized rats.

Using immunological techniques, we have demonstrated that about half the trypsin-activatable renin in normal rat plasma is prorenin, while the other is not, and that inactive renin in nephrectomized rat plasma is not prorenin. In the present study, the trypsin-induced angiotensin I generating activity not related to prorenin from normal rat plasma disappeared after HPLC on G3000SW. HPLC analysis of trypsin-treated plasma showed the generation of active renin by trypsin for normal rat plasma, while it did not for nephrectomized rat plasma. These results indicate that trypsin treatment of crude plasma results in the generation of angiotensin I generating activity not due to prorenin, as well as activation of prorenin. HPLC on G3000SW is a useful tool for the determination of plasma prorenin.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1991

Immunological evidence that kidney is primary source of circulating inactive prorenin in rats.

To determine whether or not rat plasma inactive renin is prorenin, specific antibodies were raised against two 15-amino acid peptides, Pro-NH2 and Pro-COOH, which contained the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal sequences, respectively, of the prosegment of rat prorenin. Inactive renin was measured after trypsin treatment. Immunoaffinity chromatography of normal rat plasma on anti-Pro-NH2 and anti-Pro-COOH immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Sepharose showed that about one-half the amount of inactive renin was prorenin, whereas the rest was neither prorenin nor renin. Thus trypsin treatment of the unfractionated plasma does not provide measurement of the concentration of prorenin. However, fractionation of plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography on G3,000SW columns followed by trypsin treatment led to the measurement of prorenin. Prorenin and active renin concentrations in the normal plasma of conscious rats were 44.3 +/- 5.8 and 13.3 +/- 1.4 (SE) ng ANG I.h-1.ml-1, respectively (n = 10). On the other hand, plasma inactive renin from rats at 24 h after bilateral nephrectomy bound to neither anti-Pro-NH2 nor anti-Pro-COOH IgG immunoaffinity columns, and the enzymatic activity after trypsin treatment was not inhibited by anti-mature renin IgG. These results demonstrate that inactive renin from nephrectomized rats was not prorenin. Thus the kidney is the primary source of circulating prorenin in rats.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Time course of effects of preloads high in fat or carbohydrate on food intake and hunger ratings in humans.

A high-carbohydrate (CHO) yogurt (81% CHO) and a high-fat yogurt (65% fat), containing similar levels of protein, were given in equal volumes as preloads to 14 normal-weight, nondieting males and 14 normal-weight, nondieting females. The yogurts were formulated to have similar energy densities and sensory properties, so that differences in responses to the preloads would depend on postingestive physiological effects. Three intervals (30, 90, and 180 min) between the preloads and a self-selection meal consisting of a variety of foods were utilized. The self-selection meal was served at the subject's normal lunchtime under all conditions. In the 30-min-delay condition, subjects accurately compensated for the calories in the preloads compared with a no-preload condition, but as the interval increased, compensation was less precise. No significant differences in subsequent food intake were found between the high-CHO and high-fat yogurts at any time interval. Also, there were no differences in ratings of hunger and fullness between the yogurts. The macronutrient composition of the preloads did not affect the types of foods, or macronutrients, consumed at lunch.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Bone scintigraphy in acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction.

To evaluate the patterns of renal images and the diagnostic value as a screening test of the whole-body bone and renal scintigraphy with technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) or -pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP), we performed bone scintigraphy in 6 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction on postcontrast renal computed tomography (CT). All 6 patients were young and previously healthy but experienced severe loin pain after track events. Five took analgesics. Postcontrast renal CT showed patchy low-density areas or diffuse enhancement immediately after radiocontrast injection and then patchy wedge-shaped enhancement 24 or 48 h later, which subsequently disappeared 72 h later. On the whole-body bone scintigrams with 99mTc-MDP or 99mTc-PYP before obtaining renal CT, there was no increased uptake of isotope in the soft tissue, and multiple patchy increased accumulations of the isotope in the kidney were observed in 5 patients. In 2 patients, renal scintigraphies with technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinate showed photon-deficient areas in the same areas of patchy isotope accumulation in the whole-body bone scintigraphies. Whole-body image and renal scintigraphy with bone-seeking agents may be useful as a screening test and in the search for the theoretical evidence of ARF with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole transfer in the in vitro perfused human cotyledon.

Utilizing the in vitro human placental model, we studied the placental transfer of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. At trimethoprim concentrations of 7.2 micrograms/ml, only 1.4 micrograms/ml was transported across the placenta after 1 h, and at concentrations of 1.0 microgram/ml, one half the usual serum level, only 0.08 microgram/ml was transported across the placenta. Maternal concentrations of sulfamethoxazole of 29.6 and 127.7 micrograms/ml resulted in concentrations of 5.1 and 14.8 micrograms/ml on the fetal side, respectively. Thus, it would appear that trimethoprim is slowly transported across the placenta and in low concentrations whereas sulfamethoxazole readily crosses the placenta. The combination of these drugs is useful for treatment of bacteriuria. It may also prove to be especially useful for Pneumocystis carinii infections in pregnant women with AIDS. With a half-life of 13 h for trimethoprim and 6 h for sulfamethoxazole, the drugs are not likely to achieve toxic levels in the fetal compartment. Thus, it would appear that trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole may be both efficacious and safe for the treatment of both these infections during pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1991

A phase II trial of intraperitoneal cisplatin and etoposide as salvage treatment for minimal residual ovarian carcinoma.

We conducted a phase II study of intraperitoneal (IP) cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (VP-16) as salvage therapy in patients with ovarian cancer who had persistent disease or who had relapsed after primary systemic chemotherapy and had residual disease of less than 2 cm. Two hundred eleven courses of IP chemotherapy consisting of CDDP 200 mg/m2 and VP-16 350 mg/m2 were administered. All patients received intravenous (IV) thiosulfate protection. Treatment was given once every 4 weeks for a median of six cycles. Twenty-four of 37 assessable patients were clinically free of disease at the end of treatment (normal physical exam, computed tomographic [CT] scan, CA-125 and peritoneal cytology); one patient had a partial response. Ten of these 24 patients consented to reexploration at the end of treatment, and nine were in pathologic complete remission, while one patient had positive peritoneal washings as her only evidence of persistent disease. The median survival of the 37 patients was 26 months from the first day of IP treatment and 51 months from diagnosis. The major toxicity was myelosuppression, with median nadir WBC, granulocyte, and platelet counts of 2,400, 684, and 134,000/mm3, respectively. There was no cumulative renal damage, hypomagnesemia, or chemical peritonitis. We conclude that IP CDDP and VP-16 can produce pathologic complete remissions when used as a second-line regimen for patients with ovarian cancer who have received systemic cisplatin-based therapy and have less than 2 cm disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Filial piety and intergenerational relationship in Korean immigrant families.

This article examines the changing nature of socio-economic conditions for Korean immigrants, which strain their intergenerational relationships in the United States. As the family-kinship system of Korean immigrants changes toward the conjugal family, it is contended that their traditional expectation of filial piety should be modified. The problems in fulfilling the traditional expectation of filial piety and the nature of the modified expectation of filial piety are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Hydromyelic hydrocephalus. Correlation of hydromyelia with various stages of hydrocephalus in postshunt isolated compartments.

The clinical features and pathophysiology of specific forms of hydromyelia are analyzed in this report together with the chronological changes of associated hydrocephalus. Nine patients were studied; all had hydromyelia with varying degrees of associated hydrocephalus. Clinically applicable classification systems were used to evaluate the progression of hydrocephalus (Stages I to IV) and to define the compartment isolated after shunting in the previously communicating cerebral ventricles (Types I to IV). Four patients had Stage IV disease (holoneural canal dilatation); one had Stage II and four had Stage I disease (both Stages I and II with supratentorial hydrocephalus). All patients were initially treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunting at an average age of 9.9 years. Five patients had progressive spinal symptoms before or after treatment of their hydrocephalus. Two patients had Type III isolation (an isolated rhombencephalic ventricle) with a functioning ventricular shunt; ventriculography confirmed a communication between the fourth ventricle and the hydromyelia, and both patients improved after placement of a shunt in the fourth ventricle. The remaining patients had Type IV isolation (isolated central canal dilatation) with a functioning ventricular shunt. This study indicates that in some cases the pathophysiology of hydromyelia is closely related to associated hydrocephalus. A new concept of the development of an isolated compartment after shunting is proposed to explain the progression of hydromyelia in these cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Giant carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms: direct clipping utilizing the "trapping-evacuation" technique.

The authors have devised a "trapping-evacuation" technique to facilitate direct clipping of giant aneurysms in the paraophthalmic region of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The giant aneurysm is collapsed by first trapping the aneurysm by temporary occlusion of the cervical common carotid and external carotid arteries, along with temporary clipping of the intracranial ICA distal to the aneurysm. Thereafter, intra-aneurysmal blood is simultaneously aspirated through a catheter placed in the cervical ICA. Exposure of the proximal end of the aneurysm neck is mandatory for successful clipping. This is accomplished by extensive unroofing of the optic canal, removal of the anterior clinoid process, opening of the anterior part of the cavernous sinus, and exposure of the most proximal intradural (C2) and genu (C3) portions of the ICA. Four cases of giant aneurysms of the paraophthalmic ICA were successfully treated by this technique and the postoperative outcome was good in all cases. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of the anatomical details, balloon occlusion test of the ICA, and intraoperative measurement of cortical blood flow were important to the success of the operation. Intraoperative digital subtraction angiography via the catheter placed in the cervical ICA was useful in confirming successful clipping.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A case of anisakiasis causing intestinal obstruction.

A 31-year old salesman living in Seoul developed suddenly abdominal pain due to intestinal obstruction. Exploratory laparotomy exhibited segmental jejunal cellulitis caused by penetrating Anisakis larva. The patient had eaten raw fish. The typical history of intestinal anisakiasis was presented with a short review of Korean patients of anisakiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Anesthetic management of a patient with Sipple syndrome].

Resection of bilateral pheochromocytomas of a 33-year-old man with Sipple syndrome was scheduled. Oral prazosin was started twenty days before the operation and increased to a maintenance dose of 6 mg per day. Oral lavetalol 300 mg per day was added for five days before the operation because prazosin alone was insufficient. Intravascular volume was expanded with two units of stored whole blood per day for four days before the operation for preoperative preparation. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal 250 mg and vecuronium bromide 9 mg, and maintained with enflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. Phentolamine, labetalol and nitroglycerin were used for treatment of hypertensive crises during operation and anesthesia. To combat hypotension which follows the resection of the tumor, continuous infusion of norepinephrine was used for four hours after the operation. There were no hypotensive periods and no complications. After removing bilateral pheochromocytomas of the adrenals, treatment of full adrenocortical replacement therapy was performed. Concurrent use of alpha-and beta-adrenergic blocking agents was important for successful anesthetic management for the resection of pheochromocytoma.

Administration, Oral↗