Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Kikuchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Kikuchi.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Study on transgenic mice growing into craniofacial anomaly].

In order to elucidate the genetic effects on the growth and development of craniofacial regions, HIV-1 transgenic mice (TG mice) which exhibited the phenotype of anterior crossbites were investigated by various methods. Northern hybridization showed that the introduced gene was expressed from 14.5 days post coitum to adult. In morphological measurements using digital converter "GRADICON", significant differences between TG mice and wild type mice (WT mice) were found at 5 weeks of age (5W) for most measurement items. Especially at 7W, the results indicated remarkable reductions in maxilla and catch up growth in the mandible. On the other hand, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity of TG mice (3W, 5W, and 7W) was significantly higher than that of WT mice, and also the low level of inorganic phosphate was detected at 3W for TG mice. These results suggested that TG mice had a disorder of bone metabolism. Other TG mouse lines carrying the same DNA construct showed normal figures in the craniofacial regions, suggesting the possibility that the phenotype of anterior crossbites and the disorder of bone metabolism were not caused by functions of HIV-1 genome but by insertional mutation in craniofacial development.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Femoral artery thrombus complicating open reduction of congenital hip dislocation.

There are no reports in the literature of femoral artery thrombi occurring as a complication of open reduction of congenital hip displacement. In an 11-month-old female infant, a femoral artery thrombus most likely formed as a result of compression of the femoral artery with a muscle retractor hook used in performing Ludloff's procedure. Femoral artery thrombi should be considered as a possible complication of reduction of congenital hip dislocation with Ludloff's procedure.

Angiography↗
PubMed1995

Injury to infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve in arthroscopic knee surgery.

Injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve has been reported as a complication of arthroscopic examination and surgery of the knee. The authors studied the anatomic distribution of this branch in cadavers, and investigated the incidence of this complication in 68 patients. The results of anatomic study showed that blind puncture is safe within an approximate 30-mm area from the medial margin of the patella at the level of midpatella, and within an approximate 10-mm area from the medial margin of the patellar ligament at the level of the distal pole of the patella. In 30% of examined cadavers, the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve transverses and runs laterally before it crosses the proximal edge of the tibia. Anatomic findings indicated that blind puncture to the knee in a 90 degrees flexion position should be done horizontally and parallel to the articular surface to reduce the incidence of nerve injury. The results of this study of patients who had arthroscopy from 1990 to 1991 revealed a 22.2% incidence rate of sensory disturbances in the area where the infrapatellar branch is distributed. The incidence can be minimized by clarifying the distribution of the infrapatellar nerve branch in relation to palpable landmarks.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Detection of IgE antibody to Pityrosporum orbiculare in patients with atopic dermatitis].

A lipophilic yeast, Pityrosporum orbiculare, found in normal microflora of the human skin, is considered to be a pathogenic allergen of atopic dermatitis (AD). We measured IgE antibody to P. orbiculare using a CAP RAST FEIA kit in 44 patients with AD (AD alone 17, AD+bronchial asthma (BA) 27). The incidence of positive RAST was 88.2% in the patients with AD alone and 74.1% in the patients with AD+BA. The IgE RAST index was 2.77 +/- 1.34 (mean +/- SD) in severe AD patients (n = 23), which was significantly higher than that in mild AD patients (1.88 +/- 1.41, n = 21). The patients with eczematous skin on the face, neck and scalp (n = 27) showed higher IgE titers (2.79 +/- 1.26) than those without skin lesions (1.64 +/- 1.44, n = 17). These results suggest that P. orbiculare is a pathogenic allergen of severe AD. IgE levels for P. orbiculare showed a statistically significant relation to those for Candida albicans (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). In RAST inhibition tests on five patients' sera, C. albicans extract significantly inhibited IgE RAST to P. orbiculare in only one serum, indicating that P. orbiculare shares some IgE binding epitopes with C. albicans, but that P. orbiculare-specific epitopes also exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The relationship between intramuscular pressure of the paraspinal muscles and low back pain.

STUDY DESIGN: The relationship between lumbar intramuscular pressure and backache with degenerative lumbar spine diseases was examined. Lumbar intramuscular pressure in 102 patients with low back pain and in 20 normal adults was compared in different positions using Miller's microtip catheter transducer. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to study the relationship between intramuscular pressure of the lumbar back muscles and degenerative lumbar diseases. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Measurement of intramuscular pressure is an objective technique for diagnosing lumbar compartment syndrome. The diagnosis of chronic compartment syndrome of the lumbar back muscles is confirmed when an association between an increase in intramuscular pressure and the onset of back pain is established. As spinal alignment changes from lordosis to kyphosis, the intramuscular pressure increases and blood flow decreases. METHODS: Intramuscular pressure measurements of the lumbar back muscles were performed in various positions and loading. Results in patients with low back pain and in normal adults were compared. RESULTS: The intramuscular pressure levels were found to be closely related to position and loading. The pattern of changes in pressure depended on the type of disease. The changes in intramuscular pressure in the patients with backache were classified into four distinct patterns. Chronic compartment syndrome of the lumbar back muscles showed two pattern: waxing and plateau. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of intramuscular pressure of the lumbar back muscles might be an important method of obtaining a greater knowledge about backache.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

Serum pepsinogen as a new marker for gastric carcinoma among young adults. Research Group on Prevention of Gastric Carcinoma among Young Adults.

BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinoma is relatively uncommon in Japan among persons younger than 40 years of age, but its prognosis is not favorable and it affects young adults in their most productive years. This study was performed to evaluate the validity of serum pepsinogen as a new marker for gastric carcinoma among Japanese younger than 40 years of age. METHODS: Data and sera were collected from the patients (108 patients younger than 40 years of age with gastric carcinoma from nine hospitals in the Kanto-Shin'etsu area in Japan) and from the control subjects (108 hospital control subjects and 108 screening control subjects) whose sex and age (within 4 years) were matched. Pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II values were measured and compared between patients and control subjects by paired t test. Sensitivities and specificities when criteria were defined by pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, and pepsinogen I/II ratio were calculated. RESULTS: The pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II levels among patients were higher and the pepsinogen I/II ratio among patients was lower than among control subjects. When a pepsinogen II level higher than 14.8 ng/ml was considered positive, the test showed high sensitivity (83.3% for total gastric carcinoma and 85.0% for early gastric carcinoma) and high specificity (76.9% for hospital control subjects and 75.0% for screening control subjects). Similar degrees of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with the pepsinogen I/II ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a high pepsinogen II level combined with a low pepsinogen I/II ratio may be a useful screening test for gastric carcinoma in a young population at high risk for gastric carcinoma. This impression should be confirmed by a more extensive field trial to determine whether performance of these assays promotes early diagnosis of gastric carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Anatomic and radiographic study of dorsal root ganglia.

Anatomic and radiographic studies were made to investigate normal variation of dorsal root ganglia in lumbosacral roots. The spinal nerves could be divided into two groups, with and without bifurcation of ventral nerve root and dorsal root ganglion. The bifurcated group was further classified into three types. L4 and L5 nerve roots were all bifurcated, and S1 were all nonbifurcated. The positions of dorsal root ganglia were classified into three types: intraspinal, intraforaminal, and extraforaminal. At L4 and L5 nerve roots, they were mostly intraforaminal, whereas at S1, they were mostly intraspinal. Proximally placed ganglia had a high frequency of ganglionic indentation. The incidence of intraspinal dorsal root ganglia was much higher clinically than in anatomic studies. Variations in connecting patterns or positions of dorsal root ganglia may be related to the occurrence and variety of radicular symptoms. The dorsal root ganglia is clinically important, and its location may correspond to clinical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss without vertigo.

OBJECTIVE: To study the pathophysiological features of acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss without vertigo (ALHL) and its correlation with Meniere's disease. DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical charts of patients with ALHL. SETTING: University hospital clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty consecutive patients with ALHL, including 45 patients whose conditions were followed up for more than 3 years (average, 5 years 2 months; range, 3 years 3 months to 8 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: Age and sex distributions and results of audiological and neuro-otological tests, initial outcome, recurrence rates, and differences between patients with and without recurrence. RESULTS: About 75% (62/80) of the patients were between the ages of 30 and 60 years and the female-male ratio was 2:6. Positive glycerol test results were found in 74% (26/35) of patients and abnormally increased negative summating potential/action potential ratio in 63% (50/80). No abnormalities were found on neuro-otological tests. Hearing loss improved within 3 months in 84% (67/80) of the patients. Of 45 patients followed up for more than 3 years, 28 (62%) showed no evidence of recurrence, 12 (27%) developed cochlear Meniere's disease, and five (11%) developed classic Meniere's disease. No significant differences were found at the first examination between patients with and without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ALHL may be caused by endolymphatic hydrops confined to the cochlea and that ALHL does not always lead to cochlear or classic Meniere's disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Spinal cord pencil-shaped softening: comparison between the clinical findings and the autopsy findings. Case report.

The neurological symptoms and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a patient with a spinal pencil-shaped form of softening were compared with the autopsy findings. The distribution and shape of the lesion on MRI, especially on T2-weighted images, correlated well with the autopsy findings at the level between the medulla oblongata and the T2 segment. But these findings did not necessarily correlate with the neurological abnormalities. A pencil-shaped lesion that had extended cephaladly, and which was seen on MRI and at autopsy, did not manifest neurological deficit. MRI is useful to aid the clinical diagnosis of spinal cord pencil-shaped softening.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Iron and erythropoietin measurement in autologous blood donors with anemia: implications for management.

BACKGROUND: The importance of autologous blood donation for elective surgery is recognized, and the method is being used at many hospitals. Not all patients are able to deposit a sufficient amount of blood before surgery because they cannot recover rapidly enough from phlebotomy-induced anemia. The ability to donate sufficient blood for autologous use was studied in patients who are particularly susceptible to phlebotomy-induced anemia. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Of 840 patients who donated blood for autologous use in elective surgery from November 1987 through May 1993, 20 with rheumatoid arthritis, 24 with iron deficiency anemia, and 37 aged 65 years and above with normocytic anemia were compared with 24 nonanemic elderly patients who donated a total of 1000 mL of blood for autologous use. Patients received iron sulfate orally and donated blood once a week until operation. RESULTS: The amount of blood collected before surgery per control patient was more than that in others. Consequently, there was a tendency to allogeneic blood transfusion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or elderly patients. The ferritin levels in controls and in patients with iron deficiency anemia during the donation period were almost within the normal range in spite of iron supplementation, which implied a good utilization of iron sulfate for erythropoiesis. On the other hand, the rise in ferritin levels in the elderly and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggested inappropriate iron availability for erythropoiesis and resulted in an increase in iron storage. Since an adequate endogenous erythropoietin response to phlebotomy-induced anemia was not observed in these patients, impaired erythropoietin production was considered one of the reasons for anemia. CONCLUSION: Patients with iron deficiency anemia are able to continue donating blood for autologous use so long as they have sufficient iron supplementation. However, the elderly or those with rheumatoid arthritis occasionally fail to donate a sufficient volume of blood before surgery as a result of phlebotomy-induced anemia, which is caused in turn by impaired erythropoietin production.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Plasminogen with type-I mutation in the Chinese Han population.

A functionally inactive plasminogen (PLG) variant, PLG M5, is polymorphic in the Japanese population and has a codon 601 mis-sense mutation (GCT for Ala to ACT for Thr), designated type-I mutation. The present study aimed to reveal whether the plasminogen with type-I mutation is present in the Chinese Han population. Among 104 healthy Chinese students, phenotype PLG AM5 was found in three subjects (2.9%), while 100 subjects were phenotype A and one was phenotype AA3. In the three subjects with PLG AM5, plasma concentrations of immunoreactive PLG were normal but PLG activities were decreased. Analysis using PCR and dot-blot hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes revealed the presence of the type-I mutation in the PLG gene of all three subjects with PLG AM5. The data indicate that PLG with type-I mutation is present in the Chinese Han population, possibly at a polymorphic frequency.

Asian People↗
PubMed1994

Autologous blood donation elective surgery in children.

Studies were made on 59 children (cardiac 42, orthopaedic 13, miscellaneous 4) scheduled for autologous blood donation before elective surgery. The donor-patients' ages ranged from 3 to 15 years (mean 9.9 years) and their weights from 13 to 70 kg (mean 34 kg). All patients received 50-100 mg of oral iron sulphate per day. As a rule, about 10% of intravascular blood volume was drawn once a week. Before surgery, an average of 720 ml of autologous blood per patient was prepared. Two patients failed to donate autologous blood because of anxiety about the procedure; however, none of the donors was deferred due anaemia associated with the phlebotomy. Of the 53 patients undergoing surgery and participating in autologous predonation, 50 (94%) were able to avoid homologous blood transfusion. 600 ml of homologous blood were transfused to each of 2 orthopaedic patients and 400 ml to 1 cardiac patient. We conclude that a predeposit autologous transfusion programme is logistically possible in small children when the patients are cooperative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Clinical features of idiopathic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

The Research Committee of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan has defined hearing loss of unknown etiology with fairly high-speed progression as idiopathic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (IBSH). Its diagnostic criteria consist of the following: that it is (1) progressive, (2) with bilateral involvement, and (3) of unknown etiology. In this study, we evaluated the clinical course in 20 cases of IBSH. Many cases of IBSH finally showed symmetrical profound sensorineural hearing loss. The clinical course of IBSH consisted of various combinations of the following four states: (1) fixed hearing, (2) rapid progression, (3) pathological slow progression and (4) physiological slow progression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Transient positioning of a silicone T tube in frontal sinus surgery.

We applied transient positioning of a silicone T tube in 18 patients with frontal sinus cysts. Inflammation in the nasal cavity usually subsided within 6 months of surgery, whereas the frontal sinus showed pathologic changes in more than half of the patients even 6 months after surgery. After removal of the tube, the nasofrontal passage remained open in 16 patients who obtained good aeration with an intact mucosal lining in the frontal sinus, but it eventually closed in the remaining 2 patients who failed to obtain good aeration. This finding suggests that persistent inflammation in the frontal sinus encourages the closure of the nasofrontal passage and that transient positioning of a silicone T tube is successful if it is removed after subsidence of inflammation in the sinonasal tract.

Adult↗